PAR 
voter, and then parler. See Menage.] Word given as 
an aifurance; promife given by a prifonernot to go away. 
—Be very tender of your honour, and not fall in love: 
becaufe I have a fcruple whether you can keep your pa¬ 
role, if you become a prifoner to the ladies. Swift, 
Love’s votaries enthral each other’s foul. 
Till both of them live but upon parole. Cleaveland. 
Parole, in a military fenfe, the promife made by a 
prifoner of war, when he has leave to go any-where, of 
returning at a time appointed, or not to take up arms 
till exchanged. A breach of parole in European armies 
has always been held to be infamous. A perfon who has 
once been guilty of it, has no right to be treated as an 
officer; or to expedt quarter ffiould he again fall into the 
hands of the enemy. 
Parole means alfo a word given out every day in or¬ 
ders by the commanding officer, both in camp and garri- 
fon, for the purpofe of knowing friends from enemies. 
Parole fur Parole. A military phrafe among the 
French, meaning the mutual word which is given by two 
perfons who come to a parley, though oppofed to one 
another in the war, whereby they promife not to attack, 
or take any advantage during the intercourfe. James's 
Mil. Did. 
PARO'NE, a town of Hindooftan, in the country of 
theNayrs: thirty-two miles fouth.of Calicut. 
PARONOMA'SIA, J\ [Gr. formed from Trap*, near, 
and ovou.en, name ; q. d. proximity or refemblance of two 
names.] A pun, or figure, whereby words nearly alike 
in found, but of very different fenfes, are affedledly or 
defignedly ufed. As, Not friends but fiends were here. 
So Tully to Antony, Cum in gremio mirnarum mentem 
& mentum deponeres; and to Atticus, Conjul ipfe parvo 
anitno Sc pravo, facie magis quam facetiis ridiculus. And 
that of P. Chryfologus, Monochorum cellula: jam non ere- 
miticae J'ed aromaticas. And, in another place, Hoc agant 
in cellis quod ungeli in ccelis. Among the Greeks the 
paronomafia was very familiar. Thus Herodotus, 
JJaDyudlei, qua nocent, docent. And thus that 
infcription of Apollodorus, a celebrated painter, on one of 
llis pieces: Mopcr/trelaa ti; p.cih\ov, v> /AtiaeJai } “It will 
be eafier to deride than to imitate.” 
PARONOMAS'TICAL, adj. Belonging to a parono- 
mafy .—Paronornafiical allufion is fufficient; and Thyatira 
of itfelf founds near enough to Thygatira. More on the 
Sev. Churches. 
PARONYCH'IA, [from the Gr. w pa. and owf, the 
nail.] An ablcefs towards the extremity of the finger, 
more commonly known by the name of whitlow. 
PARONYCH'IA, f in botany, a name that has been 
applied to feveral plants, according as commentators were 
plealed to conjecture one or other of them to be the 
Kapuvvxta. of JDiofcorides, a point which nobody could 
afcertain. He defcribes it as “ a diminutive flirub, grow¬ 
ing in ftony places, and refembling purflane, but of more 
humble growth, though the leaves are larger. The whole 
plant bruifed is a remedy for whitlows and fcald heads.” 
Certain fpecies of the following genera have by different 
botanifts been fuppofed to be the true paronychia : Achy- 
ranthes, Afplenium, Celofia, Draba, Houftonia, Illece- 
lirum, Mollugo, and Saxifraga. Of thefe, the Draba 
verna, in particular, has molt commonly obtained the 
name of whitlow-grafs. 
PARON'YMA, / in grammar, ace words which have 
fome affinity in their etymology. 
PARON'YMOUS, adj. Refembling another word.— 
Shew your critical learning in the etymology of terms, 
the fynonimous and the paronymous or kindred names. 
Watts. 
PAROPAM'ISUS, in ancient geography, a province of 
India, the eaftern limit of which, in Alexander’s ar¬ 
rangement of boundaries, was the river Cophenes. Ac¬ 
cording to the ideas of Ptolemy, it lay between the coun¬ 
tries which the moderns name Khorafan and Cabul; and 
PAR 635 
anfwers to the trad between Herat and Cabul. Alexan¬ 
dria was regarded as the capital. This province was fe- 
parated from Badtria by the chain of mountains called 
Paropamifus. 
PAR'OPAL, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic : 
fourteen miles north-weft of Volconda. 
PAR'OPUS, in ancient geography, a town at the north 
of Sicily. Now ColiJ'ano. 
PAROQUET',/, [perroquet, Fr.] A fmall fpecies of 
parrot. See Psittacus.— The great, red, and blue, are 
parrots; the middlemoft, called popinjays; and the leffer 
paroquets: in all above twenty forts. Grew. 
I would not give my paroquet 
For all the doves that ever flew. Prior. 
PARORCHID'IUM, f. [from the Gr. sraga, and op^q, 
tefticle.] A cafe in which the tefticles do nor defcend into 
the fcrotum, but remain within the ring of the external 
oblique mufcle, or pafs no farther than the groin. A 
little before birth, thefe bodies ufually defcend into the 
fcrotum ; but it fometimes happens that this occurrence 
is retarded by caufes with which we are not fatisfadorily 
acquainted, and, in particular individuals, the tefticles 
even continue within the abdomen during life. Mr. Pott 
remarks, that he knows not of any particular inconveni¬ 
ence ariling from the detention of a tefticle within the 
cavity of the belly ; but its lodging in the groin expofes 
it to be hurt by accidents. When hurt, it may be mifta- 
ken for a different difeafe, and occafion very improper 
treatment. See Surgery. 
PA'ROS, an ifland in the Grecian archipelago, and 
one of thofe anciently called Cyclades; fituated fouth 
of Delos, north of los and Sicinos, weft of Naxos and 
very near it, and eaft of Oliaros or Antiparos, from which 
latter it is feparated by a narrow channel. It was known 
by various names among the ancients ; it was called 
Minoa, becaufe it was conquered by Minos, the renowned 
king of Crete; before that time, it was denominated 
PaCtia ; and fince it has repeatedly changed its name, till 
it took, and at laft retained, that of Paros, either from the 
'name of the fon of Jafon the argonaut, or of a certain 
Arcadian, fon of Parrhafius. Although it was of fmall ex¬ 
tent, not exceeding 36 miles in circumference, it formerly 
prided itfelf on its power and riches, which gave it great 
influence on the condition of the neighbouring iflands. 
For thefe it was indebted to the adtivity of its commerce, 
and the culture of the arts ; its excellent harbours were 
favourable to navigation and trade; and its quarries of 
beautiful marble infpired a tafte for the arts, of which 
Phidias and Praxiteles, who w'ere born in this ifland, emi¬ 
nently availed themfelves. We may add that the valour 
of its inhabitants for a long time maintained its fecurity 
and its liberty. The Parians, in the time of their pro- 
fperity, joined Darius in his expedition againft Greece, 
and affifted him with a confiderable fquadron ; but, after 
the vidfory of Miltiades and Marathon, they were redu¬ 
ced to great ftraits by that general. After the battle of 
Salamis, Themiftocles fubjedted them to Athens, and 
exadfed from them large contributions by way of puniffi- 
ment for the fuccours they had given to the Perfians. 
From the dominion of the Ptolemies of Egypt, to which 
the Cyclades were conftrained to fubmit, Paros reverted 
to that of the Athenians, till their conquerors were ex¬ 
pelled by Mithridates the Great. But, when this prince 
was forced to fubmit to Sylla, Lucullus, and Pompey, 
Paros and the other Cyclades were reduced into a pro¬ 
vince by the Romans, together with Lydia, Phrygia, 
and Caria. 
Its population was confiderable when it was fubjedted 
to the Ottoman empire by Barbaroffa; but fince that 
epoch it has fuffered fo much by the pillage of the Turks, 
by the defpotifm of the government, and by the ftay 
which the fquadron of the captain-pacha makes there 
every year, that its inhabitants have imperceptibly dif- 
appeared, and that at this day it prefents fcarcely any 
thing 
