PAR 
where he laid the foundation of the Ccfentine Academy, 
which afterwards became famous. Some domeftic dif- 
quiets caufed him to accept an invitation from Leo X. 
to occupy the chair of eloquence at Rome. The gout, 
however, to which he was a martyr, would not permit 
him long to fulfil the duties of this office; and he returned 
to Cofenza, where, after parting many years in continual 
fuffering, he was releafed by death in 1534.. Parrhafius 
ranks among the many unfortunate men of letters; hav¬ 
ing been a wanderer during great part of his life ; fubjedt 
to^rrequent lolfes, among w'hich was that of his children, 
and of his library, which was five times pillaged ; and a 
vidtim to indigence and difeafe. 
The works of Parrhafius were publifhed conjundtively 
by Henry Stephens in 1567, 8vo. The principal of thefe 
is entitled, “Liber de Rebus per Epiltolam quaefitis,” 
and confifts of a number of letters written to different 
learned men, containing explanations of paffages in the 
ancient writers, and elucidations of points of antiquity, 
and difplaying much erudition, but not equal felicity of 
ftyle. There are, befides, Illuftrations of Ovid’s Heroical 
Epiftles, of Horace’s Art of Poetry, of Cicero’s Oration 
for Milo, and various other tradts on claffical fubjedis, 
The whole collection was reprinted in the firft volume of 
Gruter’s Thefaurus Criticus. A new edition of the 
book De Quaefitis, with additions from the author’s ma- 
nufcript, was given at Naples in 1771. Tirabofc/ti. 
PARRHE'SIA,/ [Greek.] In rhetoric, a figure in 
which a perfon admonilhes or reproves another with art 
and addrefs, and in fuch circumftances as render it dif¬ 
ficult to difpleafe. See Rev. ii. 2—5. 
PARRI'AH, a towm of Hindooltan, in Bahar : 35 
miles north of Durbungah. Lat. 26. 41. N. Ion. 85. 52. E. 
PARRICI'DAL, or Parricid'ious, adj. [from par¬ 
ricide.] Relating to parricide ; committing parricide.— 
He is now paid in his own way, the parricidious animal ; 
and punilhment of murtherers is upon him. Brown. 
On brothers’ and on fathers’ empty beds 
The killers lay their parricidal heads. May's Lucan. 
PAR'RICIDE, f. [pairicide, Fr. parricida, Lat.] One 
who deftroys his father: 
J told him the revenging gods 
’Gainft parricides did all their thunder bend ; 
Spoke with how manifold and ftrong a bond, 
The child was bound to the father. Shahefpeare. 
One who dellroys or invades any to w'hom he owes par¬ 
ticular reverence : as his country or patron. The crime 
of murdering a father.— Parricide is not diftinguiflied in 
the Bntifh law from any other cafe of murder; except 
where the child is alfo the fervantof the parent, when it 
is punifhable as petty treafon. Jacob's Law Dili. 
Morat was always bloody, now' he’s bale ; 
And has fo far in ufurpation gone, 
He will by parricide fecure the throne. Dryden. 
Murder of any one to whom reverence is due.—Although 
he were a prince in military virtue approved, and likewife 
a good law-maker; yet his cruelties and parricides 
weighed down his virtues. Bacon. 
Parricide, Parricida, or Patricida, in ftridlnefs, de¬ 
notes the murder or murderer of a father ; as matricide 
does of a mother: though the word parricide is ordina¬ 
rily extended to both. The Romans, for a long time, 
had no law againfl parricides; which was alfo the cafe 
at Athens; from an opinion that nobody could be fo 
wicked as to kill a parent. The Perfians, according to 
Herodotus, entertained the fame notion, when they ad¬ 
judged all perfons who had killed their reputed parents 
to be accounted baftards. L. Oftius was the firft who 
killed his father, five hundred years after Numa’s death ; 
and then the Pompeian law was made, which ordained, 
that the perfon convidfed of this crime, after he had been 
firft fcourged till the blood came, fhould be tied up in a 
VOL. XVIII. No. 1271. 
PAR 641 
leathern fack, together with a dog, an ape, a cock, and 
a viper, and fo thrown into the fea, or the next river. 
PARRI'DA, a final! ifland in the Pacific Ocean, near 
the coaft of Veragua. Lat. 7. 16 N. 
PAR'RIER, a town of Hindooftan, in Oude: thirty- 
five miles fouth-weftof Lucknow. 
PARROAH, a town of the ifland of Ceylon : fifty 
miles weft-fouth-weft of Trincomalee, and thirty-fix 
north of Candy. Lat. 8. 17. N. Ion. 80. 34.E. 
PARROCEI.' (Jofeph), arT eminent battle-painter, 
was born in 1648, at Brignoles in Provence. He learned 
the rudiments of his art under his father Bartholomew, a 
painter, and his brother Louis, who pradtifed in the fame 
profeffion in Languedoc. At the age of twenty he went 
to Rome, where he entered the fchool of Courtois, named 
Bourgognone, a famous painter of battles. He imbibed 
from that mailer a tafte for the fame branch of compofi- 
tion, and acquired a great degree of excellence. For 
further improvement he travelled to the other principal 
towns of Italy, and refided a confiderable time at Venice 
to ftudy the eminent colourifts of that fchool. On his 
return to France, he fixed himfelf at Paris, where he 
married, and was received into the Academy of Painting. 
The victories of Louis XIV. furnifhed fubjedis to his pen¬ 
cil which could not fail of pleafing that monarch : and, 
notwithstanding the ill-offices of Manfard, fuperinten- 
dant of the royal buildings, whom he offended by an 
adfion for debt, the king heard of his pidture of the Paf- 
fage of the Rhine, and, upon infpedfion, approved it fo 
much, that he ordered feveral pieces of him for the palace 
of Verfailles. He was very induftrious, and worked with 
great facility, drawing all his ideas from the fund of his 
own fancy, for he never was a witnefs of fcenes fimilarto 
thofe he painted. His colouring was extremely frefh and 
lively, his touch light, and his compofitions full of fpirit 
and movement. Few have furpafled him in fire and ani¬ 
mation, and in the variety of charadteriftic attitudes and 
expreffions. Although battles, marches, and huntings, 
were his favourite fubjedls, he did not confine himfelf to 
them, but occafionally painted portrait and hiftory. He 
had a tafte for letters, and was well acquainted with facred 
and profane hiftory; a feries of his own etchings of the 
Life of Chrift, prefented to the academy, did him great 
credit, as well for the defign as the excellent management 
of the lights and (hades. Parrocel was a man of very 
refpedtable private charadier, regular in his condudf, 
fincere, pious, and charitable. Fie died of an apoplexy 
in 1704, at the age of fifty-feven. His principal works 
are at Paris, in the church of Notre Dame, Verfailles, the 
Invalids, and various hotels. 
PARROCEL' (Charles), fon of the preceding, born 
at Paris in 1688, was brought up firft under his father, 
and then in the fchool of La Fofle. fie ftudied at Rome 
and Venice ; and, following his father’s line of the art, 
he ferved fome years in the cavalry, in order to obtain 
exadl ideas of military operations. On his return to 
France he painted feveral great works, by which he ac¬ 
quired a high reputation. He particularly excelled in 
reprefenting horfes, to which he gave Angular animation, 
with the greateft variety and truth of figure and adfion. 
In 1744 and 1745 he accompanied Louis XV. into Flan¬ 
ders for the purpofe of recording his vidtories by his 
pencil. He made ten defigns from thefe fubjedls, but 
only finifhed that of the Battle of Fontenoy, in which he 
introduced a number of portraits. His health was injured 
by his campaigns ; and he died of a dropfy of the cheft 
in 1752. Although his pictures have much merit, he 
was never able to attain his father’s brilliancy and truth 
of colouring. Many of his battle and hiftory pieces, and 
his cavalry-ftudies, are difperfed in the hotels and cabi¬ 
nets of Paris ; and a number of his defigns have been en¬ 
graved. 
There have been feveral other painters of this name 
and family; of whom Ignatius Parrocel, fon of Louis, 
8 A and 
