PAR 
PAR 
PARTHE'NI AD,/. [from die Gr. vragBevoi;, a virgin.] 
A poem in honour of a virgin —Divers pieces of partfie- 
niads, and hymnes in praife of the molt praife-worthy. 
Harrington's Apologie of Poetrie. 
PARTHE'NIAi. See the article Greece, vol. viii. 
p. 843. 
PARTHE'NIAN, adj. [from the Gr. itu^B ek>;, a vir¬ 
gin.] Belonging to virginity. Cole. 
PARTHE'NIAS, a river of Triphylia, which ran 
from north to foutli, and difcharged itfelf into the river 
Alpharus near Olympia.—The ancient name of Samos. 
PARTHENIAS'TRUM, J. in botany. See Parthe- 
nium. 
PARTHEN'ICUM, in ancient geography, a town of 
Sicily, upon the route from Lilybasum to Tyndaris, be¬ 
tween Segeftense and Hyccara, according to the Itin. of 
Antonine. 
PARTHE'NIUM, f. [a name adopted from Diofco- 
rides, whofe vra§0mo», however, is the real feverfew, 
Matricaria parthenium of Linnaeus. The name, from 
wctpBeio;, a virgin, alludes to its reputed efficacy in fome 
female complaints. The above name, being therefore 
unemployed as a generic one, Linnaeus applied it to this 
new genus, much refembling the ancient herb in afpedf, 
and perhaps in fenlible qualities, which Nilfol and Dille- 
nius, on account of Inch refemblance, lmd called Parthe- 
niaftrum.] In botany, a genus of the clafs monoecia, 
order pentandria, natural order of nucamentacece, (co- 
rymbifera, JnJJ'.) Generic characters—Calyx: perianthi- 
um common, quite fitnple, five-leaved, fpreading : leaf¬ 
lets roundilh, flat, equal. Corolla: compound convex. 
Corollets hermaphrodite, many in the difk : females, five 
in the ray, fcarcely furpaffing the others. Proper of the 
hermaphrodites one-petalled, tubular, ereff, with the 
mouth five-cleft, the length of the calyx : of the females 
one-petalled, tubular, ligulate, oblique, blunt, roundilh, 
the fame length with the other. Stamina : in the herma¬ 
phrodites ; filaments five, capillary, the length of the co- 
rollet. Antherac as many, thickifh, fcarcely cohering. 
Piftillutn : of the hermaphrodite ; germ below the proper 
receptacle, fcarcely obfervable ; ftyle capillary, generally 
fhorter than the ftamens; ftigma none. Of the female, 
germ inferior, turbinate-cordate, comprelfed, large; ltyle 
filiform, the length of the corollet. Stigmas two, fili¬ 
form, the length of the ftyle, fpreading a little. Pericar- 
pium : none ; calyx unchanged. Seeds : in the herma¬ 
phrodite, abortive: in the females, folitary, turbinate- 
cordate, comprelfed, naked. Receptacle : fcarcely any, 
flat; chaffs feparate the florets, fo that each female has 
two hermaphrodites behind.— EJfential Character. Male. 
Calyx common five-leaved ; corolla of the dilk one-pe¬ 
talled. Female. Corolla of the ray five ; on each fide 
two males, with one female between, fuperior. There 
are two fpecies. 
1. Parthenium hyfterophorus, cut-leaved parthenium, 
or baftard feverfew : leaves compound^nultifid. This is 
an annual plant, growing wild in great plenty in the 
ifland of Jamaica, where it is called wild wormwood. It 
thrives very luxuriantly about all the fettlements in the 
low lands. It is obferved to have much the fame quali¬ 
ties with feverfew; and may be ufed, like that, in refo- 
lutive baths and infufions. It was cultivated in 1739 by 
Mr. Miller; and flowers here in July and Auguft. 
a. Parthenium integrifolium, or entire-leaved parthe- 
niujn : leaves ovate, crenate; (fee Botany Plate VII. 
fig. 6.) This is a perennial plant, which dies to the 
ground every autumn, and (hoots up again the following 
fpring. Height three feet and more, with thick round 
fleffiy ftems. Leaves half-embracing, hirfute, not hairy, 
fomewhat paler underneath, with frequent oblique veins 
or nerves : root-leaves larger and longer, on keeled pe¬ 
tioles. The flowers grow in a corymb at the ends of the 
ftem and branches : the heads are fnow-white above, 
whitifh-green below, villofe at firft. The florets are 
white, and much larger than in the firft fpecies. Native 
Vol. XVIII. No. 1271. 
649 
of Virginia, cultivated about 1661 by Mr. Walker, as 
appears front Plukenet; who fays, that thirty years be¬ 
fore (he publifhed his Phytographia) he gathered a fpe- 
cimen of this plant in a garden belonging to Mr. Walker, 
at Weftminfter. Mr. Ray alfo (in 1686) fays, that he 
cultivated it fome years in his little garden at Cambridge, 
and that he had it from Walker, a gardener at London, 
whole fon brought it, with other rare plants, from Vir¬ 
ginia. Mr. Miller had feeds of it from his good friend 
Dr. Thomas Dale, who fent them from South Carolina: 
he fays, that it grows alfo plentifully in feveral parts of 
the Spanifii Welt Indies. It flowers in July, but feldom 
produces good feeds in England. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft may be propagated 
by lowing the feeds on a hot-bed early in the fpring; and, 
when the plants come up, they fhould be tranfplanted on 
another hot-bed, at about five or fix inches diltance, ob- 
ferving to water and (hade them until they have taken 
new root; after which time they mult have a pretty large 
ffiare of frefh air in warm weather, by railing the glafles 
of the hot-bed every day; and they muft be duly watered 
every other day at leaft. When the plants have grown 
fo as to meet each other, they fhould be carefully taken 
up, preferving a ball of earth to their roots, and each 
planted into a feparate pot, filled with light rich earth ; 
and, if they are plunged into a moderate hot-bed, it will 
greatly facilitate their taking frefh root; but, where this 
conveniency is wanting, the plants fhould be removed to 
a warm flickered fituation, u'here they muft be (haded 
from the fun until they have taken new root; after which 
time they may be expofed, with other hardy annual plants, 
in a warm fituation, where they will flower in July, and. 
their feeds will ripen in September. But, if the feafon 
fhould prove cold and wet, it will be proper to have a 
plant or two in fhelter, either in the ftove or under tall 
frames, in order to have good feeds, if thofe plants which 
are expofed fhould fail, whereby the fpecies may be pre- 
ferved. The other fpecies may be propagated by parting 
the roots in autumn, and may be planted in the full 
ground, where it will abide the cold of our ordinary win¬ 
ters very well. See Achillea, Chrysanthemum, Iva, 
and Matricaria. 
PARTHE'NIUM KARAN'DIP, a village of the 
Tauric Cherfonefus, in the narroweft part of the ftrait 
called Cimmerian Bofphorus, fixty ftadia above Pantica- 
paeum, and over againft Achillaeum. Strabo. —Alfo, a 
promontory of the Tauric Cherfonefus, nearly fouth of 
Cherfonefus. Near this promontory was a temple, and 
a ftatue of the goddefs of the country.—Alfo, a town 
of the Peloponnefus, in Arcadia.—A town of Afia, in 
Myfia, in the vicinity of the Troade.—A town of Greece, 
in the ifland of Euboea. 
PARTHE'NIUM MA'RE, the name of a part of the 
Mediterranean Sea which bathed Afia and Africa in the 
place where thefe two regions of the globe joined each 
other. Macrubius. —Alfo, a promontory in the vicinity of 
the town of Heraclea. 
PARTHE'NIUS, in ancient geography, a river of the 
Ifle of Samos.—Alfo, a river of Afia Minor, which ran 
into the Euxine Sea, and feparated the territories belong¬ 
ing to the towns of Amaftris and Teium. Strabo repre- 
fents it as a beautiful river, which purfued its courfe 
among meadows; and it had the name of the Virgin, on 
account of the worfhip paid to Diana on its banks.—Alfo, 
a river of Afia, in Cilicia, near the town of Anchiala. 
Saidas.-— Alfo, a mountain of Argolis, which extended 
from weft to eaft, from the Argolic Gulf to the frontiers 
of Arcadia. The poet Callimachus defcribes this moun¬ 
tain by the expreffion, “ The facred mountain of Auge:” 
denoting, as it is fuppofed, that on this mountain pafted 
the amours of Hercules and Augaea, of which Telephus 
was the fruit. Here Telephus had a temple. Here alfo 
Atalanta was expofed and brought up. Lempriere's Clajf: 
DiCl. 
PAR'THENON. See the article Athens, vol.ii. p. 4660 
8 C PARTHEN'OPE. 
