PAR 
To PARTFCIPATE, v. n. [ participo , Lat. participer, 
Fr.] To partake 5 to have (hare : 
The other inftruments 
Did fee and hear, devii'e, inftrudl, walk, feel ; 
And mutually participate. Shakefpeare . 
With of. —An aged citizen brought forth all his provi- 
iions, and faid, that, as he did communicate unto them his 
(lore, fo would he participate of their wants. Hayward .— 
With in: 
His delivery, and thy joy thereon, 
Iu both which we, as next, participate. Milton's S. A. 
To have part of more things than one.—Few creatures 
participate of the nature of plants and metals both. Bacon. 
—Thofe bodies, which are under a light which is extended 
and diftributed equally through all, (hould participate of 
each other’s colours. Dryden. 
God, when heaven and earth he did create. 
Form’d man, who Ihould of both participate. Denham. 
To have part of fomething common with another.—The 
fpecies of audibles feem to participate more with local mo¬ 
tion, like percuffions made upon the air. Bacon. 
To PARTFCIPATE, v.a. To partake; to receive part 
of; to (hare.—As Chrift’s incarnation and paflion can be 
available to no man’s good which is not made partaker of 
Chrift, neither can we participate him w ithout his prefence. 
Iloolier. 
Such as I feek, fit to participate 
All rational delight. * Milton's P. L. 
PARTICIPATION, f The Ante of (haring fomething 
in common.—Civil fociety doth more content the nature 
of man, than any private kind of folitary living; be- 
caufe, in fociety, this good of mutual participation is fo 
much larger. Hooker. —A joint coronation of himfelf and 
his queen might give countenance of participation of ti¬ 
tle. Bacon. —The adt or (late of receiving, or having part 
of fomething.—All things feek the higheft, and covet 
more or lefs the participation of God himfelf. Hooker .— 
What an honour, that God (hould admit us into fuch a 
blefled participation of himfelf ? Atterhury. —Diftribution ; 
divifion into (hares.—It fufficeth not, that the country 
hath wherewith to fuftain even more than to live upon it, 
if means be wanting whereby to drive convenient participa¬ 
tion of the general (lore into a great number of well-de- 
fervers. Ralegh. 
PARTICIPATIVE, adj. Capable of partaking. 
PARTICIP'IAL, adj. [ participialis , Lat.] Having the 
nature of a participle.—The participle, with an article be¬ 
fore it, and the prepofition c/’afterit, becomes a fublfantive, 
expreffing the adtion itfelf w'hich the verb (ignifies. This 
rule arifes from the nature and idiom of our language, 
and from as plain a principle as any on which it is foun¬ 
ded ; namely, that a word which has the article before it, 
and the pofieffive prepofition of after it, mud be a noun ; 
and, if a noun, it ought to follow the conftrudtion of a 
noun, and not have the regimen of a verb. It is the par¬ 
ticipial termination of this fort of words, that is apt to de¬ 
ceive us, and make us treat them as if they were of an 
amphibious fpecies, partly nouns, and partly verbs. 
That thefe participial words are fometimes real nouns, is 
undeniable ; for they have a plural number as fuch : as, 
“ The outgoings of the morning.” Lowth's Eng. Gram¬ 
mar. 
PARTICIP'IALLY, adv. In the fenfe or manner of a 
participle. 
PARTICIPLE, f [participium, Lat.] In grammar, an 
adjedtive formed of a verb ; fo called becaufe it (till parti¬ 
cipates of fome of the properties of the verb; retaining the 
regimen and fignification of it: whence moft authors con¬ 
found it with the verb. There are two kinds of partici¬ 
ples : the one called adive, becaufe exprefiing the fubjedl 
which makes the adtion of the verb; as legens, audiens, 
reading, hearing; the other called pajjive, becaufe expref- 
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fing the fubjedt that receives the adtion of the verb; as 
ledum, auditum, read, heard. 
As our adjedtives are not declined, the participles, be¬ 
ing real adjedtives, are alfo not declined. In the Latin, 
See. where the adjedtives are declined, the participles ac¬ 
tive are declined likewife : thus they fay audiens, audientis, 
audienti, See. and in the French the participles pafiive are 
declinable like their adjedtives ; as ,'fai In, elle a hie, nous 
avons lus, See. In our language, the participles and ge¬ 
runds are not at all diftinguiffiable. The Englifli gram¬ 
mar lays down a good rule with refpedt to its participle of 
the palt, “that they all terminate in d, t, or n which 
analogy is liable to as few exceptions as any. 
PARTICIPLE, J\ Any thing that participates of 
different things. Not nfed. —The participles or confiners 
between plants and living creatures, are fuch as are fixed, 
though they have a motion in their parts : fuch as oy- 
fters and cockles. Bacon. 
PARTICLE, f. [particule, Fr. from particulu, Lat.] 
Any fmall portion of a greater fubftance.—There is not 
one grain in the univerfe either too much or too little ; 
nothing to be added, nothing to be fpared : nor fo much 
as any one particle of it, that mankind may not be either 
the better or the worfe for, according as ’tis applied. 
L'Eftrange.— It is not impoffible, but that microfcopes 
may, at length, be improved to the difeovery of the par¬ 
ticles of bodies on which their colours depend. Newton's 
Optics. 
With particles of heavenly fire, 
The God of nature did his foul infpire. Dryden. 
A word unvaried by infledtion.—The Latin varies the; fig¬ 
nification of verbs and nouns, not as the modern lan¬ 
guages, by particles prefixed, but by changing the lad fyl- 
lables. Locke on Education.—Particles are the words, 
whereby the mind (ignifies what connexion it gives to the 
feveral affirmations and negations, that it unites in one 
continued reafoningor narration. Locke. 
It is in the right ufe of particles, Mr. Locke obferves, 
that more particularly confift the clearnefs and beauty of 
agoodfiyle. To exprefs the dependence of his thoughts 
and reafonings one upon another, a man mult have words 
to (how what connection, reftridtion, diftindtion, oppofi- 
tion, emphafis, &c. he gives to each refpedtive part of his 
difeourfe. This cannot be rightly underltood without a 
clear view of the poftures, ltands, turns, limitations, ex¬ 
ceptions, and feveral other thoughts, of the mind. Of 
thefe there is a great variety, much exceeding the number 
of particles that molt languages have to exprefs them by; 
for which reafon it happens that moft of thefe particles 
have divers, and fometimes almoft oppofite, fignifications. 
Thus the particle hut, in Englifli, has feveral very differ¬ 
ent fignifications : as in “but to fay no more,” where it 
intimates a (top of mind in the courfe it was going, before 
it came to the end of it. “ I faw but two planets;” here 
it (hows, that the mind limits the fenfe to what is ex- 
preffed with a negation of all other. “ You pray, bat it 
is not that God will bring you to the true religion, bat 
that he would confirm you in your own the former of 
thefe intimates a fuppolition in the mind, of fomething 
otherwdfe than it (hould ; the latter (hows that the mind 
makes a diredt oppofition between that and what goes be¬ 
fore. “ All animals have fenfe, but a dog is an animal:” 
here it fignifies the connedtion of the latter propofition 
with the former. And in the Hebrew tongue there is a 
particle, confiding but of one fingle letter, of which there 
are reckoned up above fifty feveral fignifications. 
Particles, is alfo a term in theology, ufed in the 
Latin church for the crumbs or little pieces of confe- 
crated bread, called in the Greek church. In the 
Greek church they have a particular ceremony, called 
run p.ipS'uy, “ of the particles,” wherein certain crumbs 
of bread, not confecrated, are offered up in honour of 
the Virgin, St. John Baptift, and feveral other faints. 
Gabriel, arclibifliop of Philadelphia, has a little treadle 
wherein 
