n-2 PAS 
natural order compolitte oppofitifolias, Linn, (corymbi- 
fi rc, Jnffl ) Bjjcntial Char afters —Receptacle chaffy ; 
feeds pulpy; down a toothed border; calyx imbricated. 
Pafcalia glauca, a fingle fpecies. Native of Chili. Root 
perennial ; Item ereft, eighteen inches high, (lightly 
branched in the upper part only; leaves oppofite, feffile, 
fmooth, glaucous; the lower ones ovate, with angle- 
like teeth, three-ribbed, veiny ; the upper ones lanceo¬ 
late, narrow, three-ribbed, oblcurely toothed towards the 
hafe. Flowers yellow, folitary at the fummits of the 
Hem and branches. The pulpy or drupaceous feeds ap¬ 
pear to render this genus, as Willdenow obferves, very 
diftitift. Ortega, Dec. iv. 39. 
PASCALl'NI, or Pasoualino (John-Baptifta), an 
Italian engraver, was born at Cento, a village near Bc- 
Logna, A. D. 1600, and frequented the fcbool of Cyrus 
Ferri; thouglrhe does not appear to have made any me¬ 
ritorious prcgrefs in painting. He engraved a great num¬ 
ber of prints from various Boiognefe painters, but par¬ 
ticularly from his countryman Guerchino; whofe bold 
fpirited ftyle in drawing with a pen he attempted to imi¬ 
tate with the graver, but he did not polfefs fufficient 
command of that inllrument to fucceed, neither is it at 
all adapted to fuch a purpofe. The etchings of Pafcalini, 
according to Huber, always convey the idea of original 
compofitions; but this praife Mr. Landfeer does not think 
, him entitled to. Thofe among them which deferve moll 
commendation, are—St. Felix, a Capuchin, kneeling be¬ 
fore the Virgin and Infant Chrift, folio; St. Diego, from 
L. Caracci, marked J. B. Centenfis ; a large folio print 
of The Death of St. Cecilia, from Dominichino ; The 
Aurora, a large print lengthways, on two plates, from 
the celebrated picture of Guido, which has fince been 
finely engraven by Giacomo Frey, and alfo by Audenarde. 
PASCATA'QUA. See Piscatagua. 
PASCH, /. [payche, Sax. Gr. from the Heb. 
pnfaiih.] The palfover.—The pajke was full nygh, a feefte 
day of the Jewis. Wicliffe's John vi.—What feaft it was, is 
queftionable; whether the paj'ch, or whether pentecoft. 
Bp. Hall's Contempt. —The feaft of Eafter. Bullohar. 
PAS'CH-EGG, /'. An egg dyed or ftained, prefented, 
about the time of Eafter, in feveral parts of the north of 
England, to this day, to young perfons ; Corruptly called 
in Cumberland pace-egg \ in Northumberland, according 
to Mr. Brand, pajle-egg. Of the great antiquity of this 
cuftom, and of its ufage among various nations, fee an 
account in Brand’s Popular Antiquities, vol. i. p. 14.2.— 
Holy allies, holy pace-eggs, and flanes; palmes, and 
palme-boughs. Btchive of the Romijh Church. 1579. 
PAS'CH-FLOWER. See Pasque-Flower. 
PAS'CHAL, adj. [Fr. from pafchalis, Lat.] Relating 
to the Jewifli palfover.—It was an elfential part of the 
pafchal law, that the lamb Ihould be (lain. Pearfon on the 
Creed. —Relating to the Chriftian Eafter.—That this dif- 
pute [concerning the feaft of Eafter] might never arife 
again, thefe pafchal canons were then eftablilhed. Wheatly 
on the Comm. Prayer. 
PASCHAL I. (Pope), a Roman by birth, who flou- 
rifned in the ninth century, became a prelbyter of the 
church, and abbot of the monaftery of St. Stephen. In 
the year 817, upon the death of pope Stephen V. he was 
elefted his fuccefior, by the unanimous luffrages of the 
fenate, the clergy, and people. Immediately after his 
elevation to the pontifical throne, he fenthis nomenclator 
Theodore into France, to carry the tidings of his elevation 
to the emperor Louis, who lent him alfurances of his 
protection, and confirmed the grants which had been 
made by his father and grand-father to the holy fee. No 
fooner was his election known in the Eaft, than letters 
were fent to him from the monk Theodore Studita, and 
the other defenders of image-vvorlhip, containing grievous 
but very exaggerated complaints of the perfecution which 
they fullered from the Iconoclasts (fee the article) ; 
and exhorting him to afiemble a council for the purpofe 
of anathematizing thofe heretics. This meafure be re- 
4 
PAS 
fufed to adopt; but fent letters to the complainants, con¬ 
firming them in their adherence to their ufual praftice'; 
and, to comfort them under their fufferings, he allured 
them that to be martyrs on account of images was in 
faCt to be martyrs on account of Chrift ; and that the fame 
reward was referved in heaven for thofe who fuffered un¬ 
der the image-breaking emperors as was conferred on 
thofe who fullered under the Pagan emperors for the fake 
of Chrift. In the year 818, Pafchal built a monaftery at 
Rome for the Greek monks who had fled from Conftan- 
tinople, and the other cities of the Eaft, rather than re¬ 
nounce the worfhip of images. In the year 823, Lotha- 
rius, the eldeft fon of the emperor Louis, who had taken 
him for his partner in the empire, came to Rome, where 
he was received with every pofiible mark of refpeft and 
diftinClion, and crowned by him emperor and king of 
Italy. Scarcely had the monarch returned to France, 
before a meffenger arrived from Rome with the intelli¬ 
gence, that two of the chief officers of the Roman church, 
diftinguilhed by their zealous attachment to the interests 
of France, had been apprehended foon after his departure, 
and carried to the Lateran palace, where their eyes were 
firft cruelly pulled out, and they were then beheaded. 
Shocked and incenfed at fuch barbarity, the emperor 
Louis fent commiffioners to Rome, to examine whether 
the pope was implicated in that black affair. After a 
drift enquiry, fo different and contradiftory were the 
depofitions of the witneffes who came before them, that 
they could not with any certainty declare the pope either 
innocent or guilty of the murders. They, therefore, ac- 
quiefeed in an offer which Pafchal made of declaring his 
innocence upon oath. He could not, however, be per- 
fuaded to deliver up the affaffms, alleging that they were 
his own fervants, and in faft guilty of no crime or in- 
juftice, fince the perfons whom they had put to death 
had long deferved that punilhment by their treafonable 
praftices. Not long afterwards the pope was feized with 
a dangerous illnefs, to which he fell a facrifice in Febru¬ 
ary 824, after a pontificate of rather more than feven 
years. From a conviftion that, notwithftanding his 
oath, he was in faft privy to the affalfination which his 
fervants had perpetrated, the Romans would not allow 
him to be interred with his predeceffors in the Vatican 3 
and he remained unburied till his fucceffor caufed his re¬ 
mains to be depofited in one of the churches which he 
had rebuilt. Three Letters, which are attributed to him, 
are inferted in the feventh volume of the Colleft. Concil. 
but doubts of their genuinenefs are entertained by ca¬ 
tholic critics. 
PASCHAL II. (Pope), originally called Rainerius, or 
Ragincrus, was a Tufcan by nation, and was educated 
in the monaftery of Cluny, where he embraced the mo¬ 
nadic life while he was very young. At the age of ao,- 
lie was fent by his abbot to Rome on bulinefs relating to 
the monaftery, when Gregory VII. who was then on the 
pontifical throne, ftruck with his talents and behaviour, 
retained him at his court; and, in a Ihort time, he was 
ordained prieft, and foon after was promoted to the dig¬ 
nity of cardinal, with the tide of St. Clement. In 1099, 
upon the death of pope Urban II. the cardinals, bilhops, 
and clergy, of Rome, having affembled in the church of 
St. Clement, determined to eleft cardinal Rainerius; he 
wilhed to efcape, and withdrew himfeif; but, being dif- 
covered, he was brought back, and unanimoufly placed 
on the pontifical throne. On the following day his con- 
fecration took place, when he affumed the name of Paf¬ 
chal II. His firft objeft was effeftually to crulh his rival 
Guibert, who had maintained the name of pope for 
nearly twenty years, and had given confiderable trouble 
to three of his predeceffors, Gregory VII. Viftor III. and 
Urban II. He had, indeed, been finally driven from 
Rome by pope Urban, but ftill continued mailer of his 
bilhopric of Ravenna. From this city he was compelled 
to fly by Pafchal’s troops; upon which he retired to 
Citta di Caftello, or, as others fay, to the mountains of 
Abruzzo, 
