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the guilty in fatal cords;” ch. xi. v. 308. “The Dher- 
ma-palha, the dreadful Kala-pafha, and the highly valued 
Varuna-palha,” are mentioned in the Ramayana, as part 
of the “ weapons, mifiile and manual,” with which the 
gods armed Rama for the war of Lanka. They feverally 
mean the cords of Juftice, of Death, and of Varuna. 
PA'SHA. See Bashaw, vol. ii. 
PASHAU'NA BE'ADY, f. A name given by the 
people of the Eaft Indies to a kind of fibrofe talc, found 
in the fides of the mountains, and ufed in medicine with 
them. They calcine it, and then powder and boil it in 
milk, and give half a dram for a dofe mixed in milk, for 
the gravel and ftone. Chamhei's. 
PASH'UR, [Heb. one that multiplies.] A man’s name. 
PASICA'NA, in ancient geography, a tow’n of India, 
on this fide of the Ganges. Ptolemy. 
PASTD'IUM, a town of Afia, in Syria, fituated on the 
fea-coaft, weft of NJount Cafius. 
PASI'GA, a river which rifes in the province of Da¬ 
rien, and runs into the bay of Panama. 
PASIG'RAPHY, [from wa?, all, and y^atpu, I write.] 
The art of writing on any fubjedt whatever, fo as to be 
univerfally underltood by all nations upon earth. On 
the fubjedt of an univerfal charadter, fee the article Lan¬ 
guage, vol.xii. p. 203. 
PASIHAN', one of the fmaller Phillippine iflands, 
near the weft coaft of Leyta. Lat. 10. 35. N. Ion. 124. 
12. E. 
PA'SIN. See Badkis, vol. ii. 
PASINEL'LI (Laurentio), an Italian painter and en¬ 
graver, was born at Bologna in the year 1629, and died 
at Parma in 1700. His inftrudtors in the rudiments of 
art were Andrea Barone and Simon Cantarini; but he 
alfo frequented the fchool of Flaminius Torre. From 
Bologna he went to Turin, and from thence to Mantua 
and to Venice. At Mantua he was employed by the 
duke in the adornment of his caftle at Monmirola ; but 
at Venice, ftruck with the fuperiority which he perceived 
in Paul Veronefe, his ftyle of painting, and his notions 
of art in general, underwent a complete revolution. He 
afterwards returned to Bologna and eftabliflied a fchool. 
Cochin, in his Italian Tour, fpeaks highly of Pafinelli’s 
pidture of the Refurredtion, in the church of St. Francis; 
and his few prints are fought after with juftifiable avidity 
by the connoifleurs: they are chiefly from his own com- 
pofitions. 
PASIPE'DA, in ancient geography, a town of India, 
on the bank of the Ganges, and on this fide of it, be¬ 
tween Pifca and Suficana. Ptolemy. 
PASIPH'AE, in fabulous hiftory, a daughter of the 
Sun and of Perfeis, who married Minos II. king of Crete. 
■She difgraced herfelf by her unnatural paflion for a bull, 
which, according to fome authors, lhe was enabled to gra¬ 
tify by means of the artift Daedalus. See Minotaur, 
vol. xv. Pafiphae had four fons by Minos; Caftreus, 
Deucalion, Glaucus, and Androgeus; and three daugh¬ 
ters, Hecate, Ariadne, and Phaedra. 
PASI'RIS, a town of European Sarmatia, on the bank 
of the river Carcinite, between Torocca and Hercabum. 
Ptolemy. 
PASITH'EA, one of the Graces, alfo called Aglai .— 
One of the Nereides. 
PASITI'GRIS, a name given to thejundlion of the 
Euphrates and Tigris, at the mouth of the Perfian Gulf. 
PAS'KA, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fonia, 
where the king keeps a garrifon. The town is fur- 
rounded with fix rows of palifadoes, and contains about 
a hundred inhabitants. 
PASKARE'TI, a town of Mingrelia: twenty miles 
north-north-eaft of Anarghia. 
PASKATA'QUIES, a river of Maflachufetts, which 
runs into Penobfcot bay. 
PAS'KAU, a town of Moravia, in the circle of Prerau; 
eight miles eaft of New Titfchein. 
PAS 735 
.PAS'LAKEN, a town of Pruflia, in Bartenland: ten 
miles fouth-eaft of Bartenftein. 
PAS'MAN, an ifland in the Adriatic, near the coaft of 
Dalmatia, fifteen miles in length, and two in breadth. 
It produces abundance of wine and oil; and contains 
feven villages. Lat. 44. 8. N. Ion. 15. 56. E. 
PAS'NAGE. See Pannage. 
PA'SO FERREI'RA, a town of South America, in the 
government of Buenos Ayres: 340 miles north-north- 
weft of Buenos Ayres. 
PA'SO de PESCA'DO, a town of South America, 
in the province of Tucuman : fifty miles north of St. Mi¬ 
guel de Tucuman. 
PASOLA'TO, a river of Sicily, which runs into the 
fea on the fouth coaft in lat. 36.49. N. Ion. 13. 32. E. 
PASOM'DSO, a lake of Thibet, about fifty miles in 
circumference. Lat. 29.42. N. Ion. 94. 24. E. 
PAS'PALUM,/ [apparently from wacrwaAij, an ancient 
name for millet, which kind of grain this grafs refembles 
in the appearance of its fmall round feeds ; but waovraToj, 
2rai7r«A)j, is alfo a name for any fine meal or flour, as Pro- 
feflor Martyn remarks.] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
triandria, order digynia, natural order gramina, or 
grafles. Generic charadters—Calyx : glume of two mem¬ 
branous, equal, almoft-orbicular, flightly-concave, valves, 
containing one floret, the inner one flatteft, turned from 
the dilated unilateral receptacle. Corolla : of two, round¬ 
ilh, cartilaginous valves, the fize of the calyx, externally 
convex, inflexed at the bafe. Nedtary of two membra¬ 
nous feales at the bafe of the germen. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments three, capillary, the length of the calyx ; antherte 
ovate. Piftillum : germen fuperior, roundilh ; ftyles two, 
capillary, the length of the corolla ; ftigmas pencil-ftiaped, 
hairy, coloured. Pericarpium : none, except the perma¬ 
nent clofed glumes. Seed folitary, roundilh, comprefled, 
convex at one fide, coated by the permanent cartilaginous 
corolla.— Effetitial Character. Calyx of two valves, nearly 
orbicular, lingle-flowered 5 corolla of the fame fize and 
Ihape, comprefled ; ftigmas pencil-lhaped ; feed coated 
with the hardened corolla ; common receptacle unilateral. 
Mr. Brown remarks, that this genus is very clofely re¬ 
lated to Panicum, infomuch that if, in thofe fpecies of the 
latter w’hich have an unilateral fpike, the outer valve of 
the calyx be fupprefled, it makes a real Pafpalum. Such 
a defedt does, according to this botanift, adiually take 
place in fome few, in which, however, either the nedtar- 
iferous feales, as Linnaeus thought them, or a very mi¬ 
nute valve within the inner valve of the calyx, do indeed 
fometimes occur; but fo likewife is a fmall valve, on the 
outfide of the leaft convex valve of the corolla, fometimes 
obfervable, fays Mr. Brown, in Pafpalum orbiculare. 
There is a peculiar afpedt of neatnefs arifing from the 
more or lefs perfedtly orbicular form, and regular arrange¬ 
ment, of the flowers which charadlerifes the genus before 
us. Linnseus at firlt referred fuch of its fpecies as he 
knew to Panicum; but in Syft. Nat. ed. 10. he gives the 
generic charadter of Pafpalum at length, for the firft 
time, enumerating four fpecies, which were all he then 
knew. He fubfequently confuted the hiftory of the firft 
of them in fuch a manner, that it could not be developed 
but by inveftigation of his fpecimens and manuferipts. 
He erred at firft in confidering the genus as diandrous, 
but this is corredted in his Species Plantarum. It is very 
remarkable, that of two genera fo alike in charadfer, the 
fpecies of one (Panicum) lliould be fcattered all over the 
world, while of the genus before us, Pafpalum, not one 
is found in Europe. 
With the additions made by Dr. Smith, prefident of 
the Linnsean Society, we have now twenty-eight fpecies. 
1. Pafpalum difledtum, or cut pafpalum : fpikes alter¬ 
nate, feflile, with a leafy broad rough-edged receptacle ; 
flowers fmooth, flightly elliptical, three-ribbed; leaves 
fmooth ; ftipule membranous, beardlefs. Native of North 
America; lent to Linnseus by Kalm. Stem leafy, bent 
at 
