PAS 
ripe; then carefully cut off the umbels, and fpread them 
upon a coarfe cloth for two or three days to dry ; after 
which, beat off the feeds and put them up for ufe. Never 
truft to feeds that are more than a year old, for they 
will feldom grow beyond that age. The leaves are dan¬ 
gerous to handle, efpecially in a morning, while the 
dew remains upon them. Gardners, when they have 
been drawing up carrots from among parfneps, while 
their leaves were wet with dew, and have turned the 
deeves of their Hurts up to their dioulders, have had 
their arms covered with large blifters, full of a fcalding 
liquor, which have proved very troublefome for feveral 
days. 
To cultivate parfneps for the farmer, fow the feed in 
autumn, foon after it is ripe ; by which means the plants 
will come on early the following fpring, and will get 
ftrong "before the weeds can grow' fo as to injure them. 
The young plants never materially fuffer through the 
feverity of the feafons. The belt foil for them is a rich 
deep loam ; next to this is fand, or they will thrive well 
in a black gritty foil ; but will never pay for cultivating 
in ftone-bradi, gravel, or clay foils; and they are always 
the larged where the ltaple is deeped. If the foil be pro¬ 
per, they do not require much manure. A very good 
crop has been obtained for three fucceffive years without 
any. Forty cart-loads of fand laid on an acre of very 
diff loam, and ploughed in, has anfwered very well. If 
land cannot be got in a proper condition to receive the 
feed in autumn, fow a plat in the garden or the corner of a 
field, and tranfplant thence at the end of April or early 
in May. The plants mud be carefully drawn, and the 
land that is to receive them well pulverized by harrow¬ 
ing and rolling. When it is thus in order, open a fur¬ 
row fix or eight inches deep, and lay the plants in it re¬ 
gularly at the didance of ten inches or a foot, taking 
care not to let the root be bent, and that the plant fland 
upright after the earth is clofed about it, which Ihould 
be done immediately by perfons following the planter 
with a hoe, and who mud be attentive not to cover the 
leaves. Open another furrow eighteen inches didant 
from the lad, plant it as before, and fo proceed till the 
field is completely cropped. When any weeds appear, 
hoe the ground, and earth the plants. 
With attention to the foil, the feafon for fowing, 
cleaning, and earthing the plants, and raiding the feed 
from the larged and bed parfneps, there is no doubt but 
the crop would anfwer much better than a crop of car¬ 
rots. They are equal to them, if not fuperior, in fatting 
pigs; for they make the flefli whiter, and the animals 
eat them with more fatisfaftion. Clean waffied and diced 
among bran, hordes eat them greedily, and thrive with 
them; nor do they heat hordes, or, like corn, fill them 
with didorders. In France, and our idands adjoining to 
it, parfneps are held in high edeem both for cattle and 
fwine. In Brittany this crop is faid to be little inferior 
in value to wheat. Milch-cows fed with it in winter give 
as much and as good milk, and yield butter as well-fla¬ 
voured, with parfneps, as with grafs in May or June. 
See Daucus, Echinophora, Heracleum, and Tor- 
DYLIUM. 
To PAS'TINATE, v. n. [from the Lat. pnjlino, to 
loofen the earth.] To dig in a garden. Cole. 
PASTINA'TION, /. The aft of digging the earth. 
Phillips. 
PASTI'TIUM, f. [in old records.] A padure-ground. 
PAS'TO, a town of Peru: eighty miles north-north- 
eafl of Lima. 
PAS'TO, or St. Juan de Pasto, a town of South Ame¬ 
rica, in the province of Popayan, capital of a didrift, in 
the viceroyalty of New Grenada, containing above 7000 
inhabitants: 115 miles north-north-ead of Quito, and 
eighty fouth-fouth-wed of Popayan. Lat. x. 15. N. Ion. 
76. 46. W. 
PAS'TON, a village of Northumberland, on the bor¬ 
ders of Scotland, near which is Harelaw-Hill, on which 
Vol. XVIII. No. 1280. 
PAS 765 
is a circular entrenchment with a double rampart and 
foffe. England's Gazetteer. 
PASTOPH'ORI,/. [from the Greek w\zro$, a veil, and 
to bear.] Priefls whofe office it was to carry the 
images, along with the ffirines, of the gods, at folemn 
fedivals, when they were to pray to them for rain, fair 
weather, or the like. The Greeks had a college of this 
order of priefls in Sylla’s time. 
The cells or apartments near the temples, where the 
padophori lived, were called prjiophoria. Clemens Alex- 
andrinus, defcribing the temples of the Egyptians, fays, 
that, after having paced through magnificent courts, you 
are condufted to a temple, which is at the farther end 
of thefe courts, and then a paflophorus gravely lifts up 
the veil, (Varo;,) which is the door, to (how you the 
deity within : which is nothing but a dog, or a cat, or 
fome other animal. Thefe paflophori alfo fupported the 
flirine, or niche, of thefe ridiculous divinities, when 
they were carried in proceffion. Apuleius fpeaks of the 
paflophori that carried the Syrian goddefs. 
In the temple of Jerufalem there were two courts fur- 
rounded with galleries, and all round about were feveral 
lodging-rooms for the priefls, and to lay up wood, wine, 
oil, fait, meal, fpices, incenfe, vedments, valuable 
veffels, and providons, neceffary for the facrifices and 
lamps, as alfo for the fupport and maintenance of the 
priefls. See 1 Chron. ix. 26, 33. Ezek. xl. 17, 18. 
1 Chron. xxvi. 16. 
PAS'TOR, f. [L3t. pajleur, old Fr.] Afliepherd: 
Receive this prefent by the Mufes made. 
The pipe on which the Adcrsean pnj'tor play’d. Dry den. 
A clergyman who has the care of a flock.— Pajlor origi¬ 
nally dignifies one that ( pafcit) feeds. Hence it was an¬ 
ciently ufed fora fliepherd, or advocate ; and is now ap¬ 
propriated to a minider, or one that has fouls to feed 
with found doftrine. Chambers. 
PAS'TORAL, adj. [Fr. from pajloralis, Lat.] Rural; 
ruflic, befeeming fhepherds; imitating diepherds.—In. 
thofe pajlorul paflimes, a great many days were fent to fol¬ 
low theirflying predeceffors. Sidney. —Relating to the care 
of fouls.— Their lord and mafler taught concerning the 
pujloral care he had over his own flock. Hooker. —The 
biffiop of Saliibury recommended the tenth fatire of Ju¬ 
venal, in his pujloral letter, to the ferious perufal of the 
divines of his diocefe. Dryden. 
PAS'TORAL, f. A poem in which any aftion or paf- 
fion is reprefented by its effefts upon a country life, or 
according to the common praftice in which fpeakers take 
upon them the charafter of diepherds ; an idyl; a buco¬ 
lic.— Pajloral is an imitation of the aftion of a ihepherd : 
the form of this imitation is dramatic or narrative, or 
mixed of both ; the fable dimple, the manners not too 
polite nor too ruflic. Pope. —There ought to be the fame 
difference between pajlorals and elegies, as between the 
life of the country and the court; the latter ffiould be 
fmooth, clean, tender, and palflonate : the thoughts may 
be bold, more gay and more elevated than in pajloral. 
Waljh. 
Mod authors, days Dr. Blair, have indulged the fancy, 
that, becaufe the life which mankind led at firfl was rural, 
their firfl poetry was therefore paftoral, or employed in 
the celebration of rural fcenes and objefts : but he is of 
opinion that, though it would borrow many of its ima¬ 
ges and allufions from thofe natural objefts with which 
men were belt acquainted, the calm and tranquil fcenes 
of rural felicity were not the firfl objefts which infpired 
that drain of compofition which we now call poetry. The 
firft themes were furniflred to the bards of every country 
by objefts and events that rouded men’s paflions; fuch as 
the aftions of their gods and heroes, their own exploits 
in war, and the fucceffes or misfortunes of their coun¬ 
trymen and friends. What was of a paftoral kind in their 
compofitions was merely incidental. It was not till men 
had begun to be affembled in great cities, after the difl- 
9 I tinftions 
