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Greeks and Latins have indeed introduced Ihepherds in 
their eclogues ; but thefe eclogues had nothing thea¬ 
trical in them, nor were the Ihepherds ever brought upon 
the Itage. Tafl'o’s Aminta claims the preference, as it is 
lefs intricate in the plot and condudt, and lefs drained 
and affebted in the fentiments, than the Pallor Fido of 
Guarini. Both poflefs great beauties, and are entitled 
to the reputation they have gained. Dr. Blair mentions 
another paftoral drama, which will bear being brought 
into comparifon with any compolition of this kind, in 
any language; that is, Allan Ramlay’s Gentle Shepherd. 
The characters are w r ell drawn, and the incidents affect¬ 
ing ; the fcenery and manners lively and juft. It affords 
^llrong proof, both of the power which nature and fim- 
plicity poflefs, to reach the heart, in every fort of writ¬ 
ing; and of the variety of pleafing characters and fubjeCts, 
with which paftoral poetry, when properly managed, is 
capable of being enlivened. Blair's Le&ures, vol. iii. 
Johnfon’s Life o/ShcnJlone. 
Pastoral. A book relating to the cure of fouls.— 
The Lord profper the intention to myfelf, and others, 
who may not defpife my poor labours, but add to thofe 
points which I have obferved, until the book grow to a 
compleat paftoral. Herbert’s Country Parfon, 1633. 
PASTO'RIUS (Joachim), a writer of hiftory, was 
born in 1610, at Great Glogau in Silefia. He was brought 
up to the medical profeffion, took the degree of doCtor, 
and received the title of honorary profeflor at Elbingand 
Dantzic ; but his avowal of Socinian principles fubjeCted 
him to various ill offices. His conltancy at length gave 
way, and he conformed to the Roman-catholic religion. 
This change was of great advantage to his fortune: he 
was ennobled, created apoltolic prothonotary, canon of 
Warmia and Chelm, dean and official general of Dant¬ 
zic, and finally hiftoriographer, l’ecretary, and commif- 
fary, of the kingdom of Poland. He died at Frauenberg 
in Pruffia in 1681. This author publifhed feveral hifto- 
rical works in the Latin Language; viz. 1. Theodofius 
Magnus, feu Vita illius excellentis Imperatoris, 1664. 
2. Florus Polonicus, feu Polonicse Hiltorise Epitome, 
1679. 3. Hiftorias Polonse plenioris Partes duae, ab anno 
1647 ad annum 1651; accedit Diflertatio de Originibus 
Sarmaticis, 1685. 4. Bellum Scythico-Cofaicum, 1659. 
5. He alfo publifhed the Ariftotelian Ethics of Crellius, 
with a life of the author ; and fome Orations, Poems, &c. 
PAS'TORLIKE, or Pastorly, adj. Becoming a paf- 
tor.—The pajlorlike and apoftolick imitation of meek 
and unlordly difcipline. Milton of Ref. in England .— 
Againlt negligence or olvftinacy will be required a routing 
valley of paj'torly threatenings. Milton’s Anim. Rem. De¬ 
fence. 
PASTORSHIP, f. The office or rank of a paftor.—The 
univerfal pajlorjhip or government of the catholick church, 
was never claimed by any bifliop till towards the end of 
the fixth century; and then it w'as thought to be chal¬ 
lenged by John, patriarch of Conftantinople. Bp. Bull’s 
Corrupt, of the Ch. of Rome. —Why may not the bifhop of 
Antioch pretend to fucceed St. Peter in his univerfal paj- 
torjhip ? Barrow on the Rope’s Supremacy. 
PASTREN'GO, a village of Italy, in the Veronefe, 
on the Adige. 
PA'STRY,/ [ p&tifferie, Fr. from pojle .] The aft of 
making pies : 
Let never frefh machines your pajlry try, 
Unlefs grandees or magiftrates are by ; 
Then you may“put a dwarf into a pie. King. 
Pies or baked pafte.—Remember the feed-cake, the puf- 
tries, and the furmenty-pot. 'Buffer. 
Beads of chafe, or fowls of game, 
In pajlry built, or from the fpit, or boil’d. Milton’s P. R. 
The place where paltry is made.—They call for dates and 
quinces in the pujtry. Sliakejpeare. 
PA'STRY-COOK, f. One whofe trade is to make and 
fell things baked in pafte.—I wifh you knew what my 
PAS 767 
hufband has paid to the pajlry-coohs and confectioners. 
Arbuthnot. 
PASTURABLE, ahj. [from pajlure. ] Fit for pafture. 
PASTURAGE, f. [palurage, Fr.] The bufinefs of feed¬ 
ing cattle.— I wifh there were ordinances, that whofo- 
ever keepeth twenty kine, fhould keep a plough going 5 
for otherwife all men would fall to pajlurage, and none 
to hufbandry. Spenfer. —Lands grazed by cattle.—France 
has a fheep by her, to fhew that the riches of the country 
confifted chiefly in flocks and pajlurage. Addifon. —The ufe 
of pafture.—Cattle fatted by good pajlurage, after vio¬ 
lent motion, die fuddenly. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
PASTURA'NO, a village of Italy : eight miles fouth- 
fouth-eaft of Alexandria. 
PASTURE, f. [p&ture, Fr.] Food; the aft of feeding. 
—Unto the confervation is required a folid pajlure, and 
a food congenerous unto nature. Brown’s Vu/g. Err.-— 
Ground on which cattle feed.—When there was not room 
for their herds to feed together, they, by confent, fepa- 
rated and enlarged their pajlure where it belt liked them. 
Locke. 
The new tribes look abroad 
On nature’s common, far as they can fee 
Or wing, their range and pajlure. Thomfon. 
Pafture-ground is of two forts : the one is low meqdow- 
land, which is often overflowed ; and the other is upland, 
which lies high and dry. The firlt of thefe will produce 
a much greater quantity of hay than the latter, and will 
not require manuring or drefling lo often; but then the 
hay produced on the upland is much preferable to the 
other, as is alfo the meat which is fed in the upland more 
valued than that which is fatted in rich meadows ; though 
the latter will make the fatter and larger cattle, as is 
feen by thofe which are brought from the low rich lands 
in Lincolnfliire. But, where people are nice in theirmeat, 
they will give a much larger price for fuch as has been 
fed on the downs, or in lhort upland pafture, than for 
the other, which is much larger. Befides this, dry paf- 
tures have an advantage over the meadows, that they 
may be fed all the winter, and are not fo fubjebt to poach 
in wet weather; nor will there be fo many bad weeds 
produced ; which are great advantages, and do, in a great 
meafure, recompenfe for the fmallnefs of the crop. 
We have already mentioned theadvantages of meadow- 
land, or fuch as is capable of being overflowed with wa¬ 
ter, and given directions for draining and improving low 
pafture-land. (See the articles Draining and Irriga¬ 
tion.) We (hall now therefore notice fome methods for 
improving upland pafture. 
The firlt improvement of upland pafture is, by fencing 
it, and dividing it into fmall fields of four, fix, eight, 
or ten, acres each, planting timber-trees in the hedge¬ 
rows, which will fereen the grafs from the drying pinch¬ 
ing winds of March, which prevent the grafs from grow¬ 
ing in large open lands; fo that, if April prove a cold 
dry month, the land produces very little hay; whereas 
in the Iheltered fields the grafs will begin to grow early 
in March, and will foon after cover the ground, and 
prevent the fun from parching the roots of the grafs, 
whereby it will keep growing, fo as to afford a tolerable 
crop, if the fpring fhould prove dry. But, in fencing 
your land, it mult be obferved not to make the inclo- 
fures too fmall, efpecially where the hedge-rows are 
planted with trees; becaufe, when the trees are advanced 
to a confiderable height, they will fpread over the land ; 
and, where they are clofe, will render the grafs four; fo 
that, in (lead of being an advantage, it will greatly injure 
the pafture. 
The next improvement of upland pafture is, to make 
the turf good, where, either from the badnefs of the foil-, 
or want of proper care, the grafs has been deftroyed by 
ruflies, bulhes, or mole-hills. Where the furface of the 
land is clayey and cold, it may be improved by paring it 
oft', and burning it: but, if it is a hot fandy land, then 
chalk, iime, marie, or clay, are very proper manures to 
1 lay. 
