24 PATHOLOGY, 
faid oil, till they became dry; this he ftrained thorow a 
napkin without any great expreffion; that doone, hee 
added thereto the terebinth; and laftly the aqua vita;; 
and called God to witneffe that this was his balme, which 
he ufed in all wounds made by gun-lhoot, and in others 
which required fuppuration; withall praying me not to 
divulge his fecret.” 
How terrible muft have been the ftate of the military 
hofpitals, and what numbers of men muft have fallen a 
facrifice to ignorance, who under proper management 
might have been recovered to the fervice of their country! 
But, bad as the furgeons were, fome were neverthelefs 
necefiary in curarmies; and, although thegeneral modeof 
railing and paying them is not handed down, certainly 
fome regular form of doing it muft have exifted. 
In the wardrobe-account of the pay of the army raifed 
againft the Scots, byHenryll. in the 15thyearof his reign, 
many of the Wellh corps have an officer ftyled Medicus; 
but whether by that term a phylician or furgeon is meant, 
feems doubtful, as the word medicus is foinetimes ufed 
for both a furgeon and an apothecary. None of thefe 
phyficians or furgeons are charged to the Englifii levies. 
And to the Welch they feem to bear no regular propor¬ 
tion to the number of private men; a corps of 1907 
men having only one, and another of 968 having two ; 
the wages of all, except the two laft-named, was 6d. per 
diem each; thofe which were raifed on the king’s land in 
Cardiganfhire had only 4d. each per diem. 
In the lift of the troops that attended Edward III. to 
the liege of Calais, only one furgeon is mentioned, who 
feems to have been part of the retinue of the prince of 
Wales; and, in the military eftablilhment of the 18th 
df. the faid reign, as given in the accounts of Walter 
Wentwayt, treafurer of the houfehold, there is one fur¬ 
geon for the king’s houfehold-troops; four dodlors and 
one furgeon. for the army of North Wales; two doftors 
and one furgeon for that of South Wales; a fupply by 
no means competent to the number of men to which they 
were appointed. Suppolingthe inferior furgeons to have 
been ftyled barbers, like the field-lhaver of the Germans, 
it feems reafonable to expefl they would fomewhere ap¬ 
pear on the mufter-roll. 
Henry V. A. D. 14.15, engaged Mailer Nicholas 
Colnet, a phylician, to ferve him for one whole year, in 
the voyage then to be made either to the duchy of 
Guyenne or France. Colnet was to bring wdth him 
three archers. If the expedition went to Guyenne, he 
was to have for his own wages forty marks, and twenty 
marks for each of his archers, for the whole year. If 
to France, for his own wages is. and to each of his 
archers 6d. a day, with regards. In the fame year the 
king engaged Thomas de Moreftede, a furgeon, who 
contradled to bring with him twelve other furgeons and 
three archers. Moreftede was to be paid as a man at 
arms, iad. by the day; and his- twelve alfiftants and three 
archers, each 6d. with the ufual regard. The fame con¬ 
ditions were covenanted, in cafe the campaign lay in 
Guyenne, that were made with Colnet. Upon a peti¬ 
tion, the king granted Moreftede one waggon and two 
fumpter-horfes, for the carriage cf the baggage and ne- 
ceffaries for himfelf and the twelve other furgeons. He 
likewife petitioned for money to buy necelfaries for his 
office, but it was not granted. The next year the king 
employed Moreftede, joining with him William Brede- 
wardyn, with the title of his furgeons, in a ccmmilfion 
to imprefs as many furgeons as they thought necefiary 
for the expedition, with a fulficient number of artificers 
for making their inftruments, to be taken wherever they 
could be found. 
Among the different perfons who indented in the 14th 
of Edward IV. to ferve that king in Normandy and 
France, for one year, are the following phyficians and fur- 
geor.s : Mailer jacobus Fryle, king’s phyfician, 2s. per 
diem, with twolervants at 6d. per diem; Mafter William 
Hobbis, phylician and furgeon of the king’s body, iSd. 
per diem; feven furgeons at i2d. and five other furgeons 
every one at 6d. per diem, for their attendance in the 
faid fervice beyond fea. It is remarkable, that here are 
juft twelve furgeons, the fame number that appears to 
have been employed on the expedition under Henry V, 
In the expedition to St. Quintin’s in the reign of 
Philip and Mary, 1557, an army confiding of five hun¬ 
dred heavy armed horfe, five hundred light horfe, four 
thoufand foot, and two hundred pioneers, with officers 
and a train of artillery proportionable, there were fifty- 
feven furgeons, tw’o of them belonging to the fuite of 
the general, one to the lieutenant-general, one to the 
high marifchal, one to the general of the horfeman, one 
to the general of the infantry, and one to the mafter of 
the ordnance; all thefe at the daily pay of 1 s. each. The 
remainder belonged to the corps of horfe, light horfe, 
and infantry, in the proportion of one furgeon to an 
hundred men; the daily pay of a furgeon of heavy 
horfe was 2s. of light horfe is. 6d. and of infantry is. 
No furgeon is charged for either the ordnance or pioneers. 
Befides the king’s pay, it feems as if the furgeons of 
former times, as well as thofe of late, received a weekly 
ftoppage from the private men. This may be gathered 
from the following defcription of the duties of a mili¬ 
tary furgeon, written in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
“Surgeons ffioulde be men of fobrietie, of good con- 
fcience, and fkillfull in that fcience, able to heal all 
foares and woundes, fpecially to take oute a pellett oute 
of the fame. All captaines muft have fuche furgeons, 
and ought to fee them to have all their oyles, balmes, 
falves, and inftruments, and necefiary ftuffe to them be- 
longinge, allowinge and fparinge carriadge for the fame. 
That every fouldier, at the paye daye, doe give unto the 
furgeon 2d. as in tymes paji hathe bcene accujlomed, to the 
augmentation of his wages; in confideration whereof, 
the furgeon oughte readilieto employ his induftrie uppon 
the foare and wounded fouldiers, not intermedlinge with 
any other cures to them noyfome. Regarde that the 
furgeon bee truelye paid his wages, and all money due 
to hym for cures, that bye the fame hee maye bee able to 
provide all fuche ftuffe as to him is needfull. Such fur¬ 
geons mufte weare their baldricke, whereby they may be 
knowen in the tyme of daughter : it is their charter in 
the field.” From this paffage it Ihould feem that fur¬ 
geons formerly wore a diftinguilhing belt over their 
ftioulders, like that now ufed by the itinerant farriers, 
vulgarly ftyled fow-gelders, in order to prote6l their per¬ 
fons whilft adminiftering to the wounded in the field of 
battle; a precaution now rendered unneceffary by the 
apparatus of bandages, &c. carried by furgeons attending 
a party where fervice is expeiled, or in a field of battle. 
In an eftimate made, anno 1620, for an army of twen¬ 
ty-five thoufand foot, five thoufand horfe, and twenty 
pieces of artillery, propofed by king James to be fent to 
the Palatinate, a number of furgeons is appointed, but 
no allowance or provifion whatever appears in the efti¬ 
mate for medicines or an hofpital, although there is a 
very minute detail of almclt every other necefiary (lore ; 
and this feems the more extraordinary, as many of the 
moft experienced officers of that time were called in to 
affift in forming the eftimate. The medicinal lift appointed 
for this expedition were : “ In the general’s trayne, two 
phyficians, at 6s. 8d. per diem each ; two apothecarys, at 
3s. 4d. and two furgeons, each at 6s. 8d. Every regU 
mentof foot confifted of twelve companies of 150 men each, 
and had one chief furgeon, at 4s. per diem, and another 
furgeon to each company at is. per diem. Among the 
general officers of horfe is one chief furgeon at 4s. a- 
day, probably to fuperintend the furgeons of troops. To 
every troop, which was to confift of a hundred men, one 
furgeon was allotted ; his daily pay, 2S. 6d. To the ord¬ 
nance, pioneers, &c. there was allowed one barber-fur- 
geon, at 2s. per diem ; and two under barber-furgeons, 
at 6d a-day each.” 
Or.e realon may be affigned for our ancient armies 
being 
