PATH 
gives half his courfe in a femeftre. They might more 
properly be called anatomical and furgical leftures; for 
the profefl'or firft demonftrates the anatomy of the diffe¬ 
rent parts in their healthy date, before he proceeds to 
fpeak of them in the various forms of dil'eafe which re¬ 
quire furgical afliftance. The Anatomical Theatre is 
annually fupplied with about eighty bodies. During the 
winter thefe are ul'ed for anatomical demonftrations, and 
in fumrner are devoted to the performance of furgical 
operations. The anatomical demonftrations and furgical 
leisures are generally attended by jzo or 130 ftudents, 
of thefe about forty are praeparanten (diffeftors), and 
aftift in the making of anatomical preparations. 
The foundation of the Surgical Hofpital is entirely 
due to profeffor Langenbeck. In 1S07, on his repre- 
fentation, a certain fum was appropriated to its fupport 
from the cloifter-fund. In 1808 the profeffor built the 
prefent hofpital, which is Itill his own property, the 
Hanoverian government paying him a yearly rent for 
it. The beautiful collection of furgical inftruments alio 
belongs to the profelfor. Befides thofe which he has 
himfelf collected, he purchafed the collection of Heifter, 
which, in an hiftorical point of view, is probably unique. 
The whole as it now ttands is undoubtedly the firft in 
Germany. It comprifes ail the inftruments that have 
ever been ufed in furgery from the earlieft days to the 
prefent time. 
Profefl'or Langenbeck, as a practical furgeon, is unri¬ 
valled in Germany. We have feldom feen a man fo en- 
thuflaftically devoted to any purfuit, or who brought to 
the profeflion of furgery more capability of excelling in 
it. He has been known for fome time as an excellent 
anatomift, but it was his fituation in the army that brought 
him into notice as a furgeon. He particularly diftin- 
guiflied himfelf at Waterloo, where he held the office 
of furgeon-general to the Hanoverian army, by his in¬ 
defatigable zeal, brilliant operations, and the excellent 
arrangement of his department. He not only acquired 
great diftinftion, but is faid to have enriched himfelf 
during the campaign. It- is much to his credit that all 
thefe circumftances have rather contributed to increafe 
than flacken his zeal and exertion. Pie is unwearied in the 
purfuit of his favourite ftudies. Although he has a very 
confiderable praftice, and leftures five hours every day, 
he is in thediflefting-room before it is light, and devotes 
to it every moment which he can fpare. Hehasfounded 
a mufeum, chiefly formed from the labours of himfelf and 
pupils, and which contains fome very beautiful prepa¬ 
rations. He is alfo the author of a periodical work, and 
lias written fome other books. Profefl'or Langenbeck 
however, is more a praftical than a book man. His 
time has been more fpent in the diflefting-room than the 
library, and he is confequently not fo well verfed in the 
literature of furgery as fome of his countrymen who 
have probably never handled a knife, As an operator, 
he is unrivalled in his own country, and we are not 
aware that he is excelled in any. He is clear and deci- 
fivein his judgment; rapid and elegant in his operations. 
Leftures on the praftice of phyfic are delivered every 
morning at ten o’clock, by profeffor Hitniy, in an au¬ 
ditorium connefted with his dwelling houfe, and are ge¬ 
nerally attended by upwards of one hundred ftudents. 
Two f'emeflres are occupied by the courfe, the term of 
leftures therefore correfponds very nearly with thofe 
of Dr. Gregory of Edinburgh. Profeffor Plimly has 
printed his “ Lehrbuch der prafticben Heilkunde” as a 
text-book. This work is divided into two feftions; the 
firft contains general nofology, and the fecond treats of 
materia medica. The latter feftion is really excellent, 
but the firft appears, at leaft to our unphilofophical 
minds, quite ufelefs. If the hearer can feparate the 
praftical matter of Himly’s leftures from his theoretical 
views, thefe leftures may be pronounced very good and 
ufeful. He is too much attached to a fyftem; but his 
leftures contain in general a full account of what is 
O L O G Y. 59 
known on the fubjeft, and difplay great learning and 
refearch. Profeffor Himly’s clinic takes place from 
eleven to twelve every day. It is connefted with a frnall 
hofpital which is under his direction, founded by fome 
inhabitants of Gottingen, and which derives its fupport 
partly from the interelt of funds left for its maintenance, 
and partly from the cloifter-f und. There are about 
thirty beds in it. The principal part of the fick at this 
clinic are out-patients. 
Profeffor Himly has not of late publiflied anything 
but his “Journal der Ophthalmologie.” His text-book is 
not publiflied, being merely given to his ftudents. 
Leftures on phyiiology, comparative anatomy, and 
natural hiftory, are delivered, the phyfiology at eight 
o’clock in the morning, comparative anatomy from three 
to four, and natural hiftory at five in the afternoon, by 
the celebrated Blumenbach, a name refpefted and vene¬ 
rated wherever it is known. Blumenbach was born in 
the year 1752, at Gotha in Saxony, of parents who were 
in moderate circumftances. He commenced his ftudies 
at Gotha, from whence he went to Jena, where he re¬ 
mained two years and a half, and then came to Gottingen 
to ftudy, under Haller, Richter, and Roderer. He took 
liis degree as M. D. in 1776, at Gottingen, and then pro- 
pofed to return to Gotha, with the intention of purfuing 
his profeflion ; but liis differtation “ De Generis Humani 
Varietate,” made fo great a fenfation, from the novelty 
of the fubjeft, and the excellence of the execution, that 
on the fame day that lie received his degree, the Uni- 
verlity named him Extraordinary Profefl'or of Natural 
Hiftory. Having thus obtained a fituation which the 
natural modefty of his dil’pofition rendered quite unex¬ 
pected, he afliduonfly devoted himfelf to the ftudy of 
natural hiftory ; with what fuccefs, his numerous works, 
and the fplendid benefits he has conferred on fcience, 
fufficiently teftify. His cabinet of natural hiftory is one 
of the molt l'plendid in the world. It is entirely col¬ 
lected by himfelf, and forms, perhaps, the belt monu¬ 
ment of the elteem in which he is held, for he has never 
purchafed a Angle article in it. It is kept in his dwelling- 
houfe, and occupies five rooms. Nothing can be more 
inappropriate than its fituation, or more diforderly than 
its arrangement. The molt valuable preparations are 
feen out of their cafes lying about. There is no fyfte- 
matic arrangement in any part of it; but this is not to be 
wondered at, if we cenfider the progrefiive manner in 
which this collection has been formed, and the age of 
its pofleffor. Many would be happy to arrange it for 
him, and Dr. Wernekink has done much towards re¬ 
ducing the chaos to order; but Blumenbach does not 
like any fetting-to-rights in his mufeum. 
Tfie part of his cabinet which attrafts principal at¬ 
tention, is his unrivalled collection of human fkulls. It 
has been vifited not only by molt men of fcience, but by 
all the crowned heads of Europe. On this fubjeft Blu¬ 
menbach lays, “ If we wifli to make great people follow 
us, and not we them, it is only neceffary to make a col¬ 
lection of fkulls.” This collection is fufficiently known 
by Blumenbach’s work “Decas Craniorum.” The molt 
valuable thing in it is a Grecian fkuil, which is at leaft 
2000 years old, a prefent from his pupil the Crown Prince 
of Bavaria. It is in a perfeCt ftate of prefervation, and 
conftitutes a molt beautiful fpecimen of the beau ideal of 
the fkuil. The next in point of value are the fkuil of an 
ancient Roman, and that of a cannibal (Bataku), which 
he received from the prince of Neuwied. Nothing can 
be more intereftingthan to view thefe three fkulls, placed 
as they are by one another, and to compare their appear- 
anceswwith the moral differences of charafter of the na¬ 
tions to which they belong. In an anatomical point of 
view, the beft-preferved fkuil in the collection is that of 
a negro. On the fame fhelf Hands the beautiful fkuil of 
a Georgian female, and fome very rare fkulls of the in¬ 
habitants of Nukahiva, a prel'ent of captain Krufenftern. 
There is alfo a remarkable fkuil of a Cretin, which pro¬ 
duces 
