70 
PATHOLOGY 
afternoon. Students who previoufly intimate their 
withes to Dr. Goelis, are permitted to attend, and 
have thus an opportunity of feeing the difeafes of chil¬ 
dren treated with much tkill and attention. The average 
number of patients is 500 monthly. 
Dr. Goelis has undertaken the publication of a feries 
of monographies upon the different difeafes of children, 
to which difeafes his practice is nearly confined. The 
vaft opportunities of obfervation, the care in conducing 
this inifitution, and the numerous difl'eftions of thofe 
children who die, lead us to hope much valuable infor¬ 
mation from thefe works, the firlt volume of which is 
already publiflied. 
The Jofephine Academy, confidered as a building, is 
one of the molt fplendid edifices in Vienna. The empe¬ 
ror Jofeph II. was the founder of this inifitution, the 
objeft of which is to fupply the Aullrian army with able 
phyficians and furgeons. On the front of the academy 
is the following infcription : “Munificentia et Aufpiciis 
Imp. Ca:f. Jofephi II. P. F. Scliola Medico-chirurgica, 
militum morbis et vulneribus curandis fanandifque infti- 
tuta, sede et omni fupelleftile falutaris artis inftrufta, 
Anno R. S. 1785.” It was opened with much ceremony 
upon the 7th of November, 1785; and a gold medal of 
the weight of forty ducats was (truck upon the occafion. 
The firlt direftor of the academy was Brambilla, the au¬ 
thor of the Inlfrumentarium Chirurgicum, and other 
works. To him were intruded the making of the lla- 
tutes, and the arrangement of the w’hole inifitution. 
The Jofephine Academy is completely feparated from 
all other fchools. It is under the direftion of the mi- 
nilter of war, out of whole treafury the Hilaries of the 
profefl'ors and all other expenfes are defrayed. The 
number of pupils is 200, of whom fifty receive a monthly 
allowance from the academy. Having finilhed their at¬ 
tendance of two years, to which period of time the 
courfe of Ifudy extends, they unde’rgo a fevere examina¬ 
tion, are promoted to the degree of doftor in furgery, 
and appointed to a regiment; but the academy pofl'efles 
no power to grant the degree of doctor in medicine. 
There are five profefl'ors and a profeftor in the acade¬ 
my. The profelTors belong to the army, being ltaff-phy- 
ficians ; and they bear the title of imperial counfellors. 
The greater number of them refide in the academy. 
Their leftures are delivered in German. The Field- 
phyfician-in-chief and Director is Beinel von Bienenburg. 
The pupils of the Jofephine Academy have abundant 
opportunities for the practical Ifudy of their profellion, 
there being three clinics attached to the inifitution. The 
patients are foldiers anil foldiers’ wives, chofen from the 
Great Military Hofpital, which is iituated clofe to the 
academy, and is fitted up for 1200 patients. The Me¬ 
dical Clinic is under the care of profelTor Calfellitz. 
The vifit is from fix to feven in the morning. The Sur¬ 
gical Clinic is in the hands of profelTor Zang, a furgeon 
cf very diltinguifhed merit. The vifit is from four to five 
in the evening. ProfelTor Schmitt has an Oblfetrical 
Clinic, in which from 70 to 80 foldiers’ wives are de¬ 
livered in the courfe of a year. 
To all the leftures and clinics (trangers are admitted, 
who previoully leave their names with the feveral pro¬ 
felTors, except to the oblfetrical clinic, which is par¬ 
ticularly deligned for the pupils of the academy. The 
clinic of profelTor Zang is much frequented by (trangers. 
Indeed that gentleman is looked upon as one of the firlt 
furgeons in Aultria : he is at prefent engaged in a work, 
two or three volumes of which have been publiflied, upon 
operative furgery, which promifes to become cialfical in 
medical literature. 
The library'of the academy is rich in books of me¬ 
dicine, furgery, anatomy, botany, and natural hiltory, 
and is adorned with a buff of Jofeph II. by Ceracchi. It 
is open only to the profefl'ors and pupils of the academy. 
The collection of natural hiltory contains fpecimens from 
the three kingdoms of nature; but chiefly of fuch ob¬ 
jects as are interelfing from their ufe in materia medica 
and practical chemiltry. The collections of all kinds of 
furgical inltruments, bandages, and machines, is ex¬ 
tremely magnificent. 
The anatomical mufeum is diltinguilhed for its col¬ 
lections of fkeletons and difeafed bones, and of patholo¬ 
gical preparations in wax ; but above all for its rich col¬ 
lection of wax preparations illultrative of deferiptive 
anatomy and midwifery. The preparations of this col¬ 
lection were executed in Florence, under the direction 
of Fontana and Mafcagni, and are indeed an exact copy 
of the collection of the fame kind in the Mufeo di Fifico 
at Florence. This collection occupies feven apartments. 
Two apartments upon the fecond floor contain the pre¬ 
parations illultrative of midwifery. This mufeum is open' 
every Thurfday, and is vilited by alidades of the people. 
The Florentine collection is much admired by the crowd, 
whom it is well calculated to furprife. Every preparation 
lies under glafs, upon a white filk culhion fringed with 
gold. The artills have not fpared ornament even to the 
preparations themfelves, which are as gay as colours can 
make them. It is well known that they were executed 
from drawings; but it may Itartle our readers a little to 
hear,, that a feries of engravings, taken from thefe pre¬ 
parations, is now publilhing at a great expenfe in Vienna. 
Privatilflmaare alfo given by theprofeftorof the academy, 
in which thefe preparations are demonitrated. We never 
could look at the collections of wax preparations in the 
Mufeo di Fifico at Florence, and in the Jolephine Acade¬ 
my of Vienna, without acknowledging them to be ex¬ 
cellently fuited for teaching anatomy to grand dukes and 
emperors, or for affording an hour’s amufement to any 
honeft citizen whatever, curious perhaps in fuch matters. 
That they are of any confiderable utility to profeflional 
ftudents of anatomy, is by no means fo evident. 
The Jofephine Academy is furnilhed with a botanical 
garden. It has a perpetual direCfor.and fecretary; per¬ 
petual members or profefl'ors; aftual members, or phy¬ 
ficians and furgeons; foreign honorary members; and 
correl’ponding members. 
A work of very confiderable value on Hofpital Gan¬ 
grene has been recently publiflied by Dr. Werneck, 
phyfician in chief to a divifion of the Auftrian army, 
who has had very extenfive opportunities of obferving 
the difeafe during the late campaign in Italy, Hungary, 
Poland, and the greater part of Germany. It is only 
fuch points as are either of an original charafter, or fuch 
as ferve to fupport doubtful points of theory, that re¬ 
quire notice on this occafion.- Dr. Werneck confiders 
that the difeafe may appear either as affeCling primarily 
the fyftem, or developing itfelf originally in an open 
wound, without any fpecific aft'eCfion of the general fyf¬ 
tem. He thinks that it arifes from a contagious virus, 
which is a modification of that producing the common 
typhous fever: in fupport of which notion he cites nu¬ 
merous fafts, furnilhing direft and very forcible argu¬ 
ments in its favour. Hofpital gangrene, like typhous 
fever, he alfo remarks, may occur feveral times in the 
fame individual, and affeft perfons living in an infulated 
manner, as well as in hoi'pitals, tranfport-lhips, or gar- 
rifons, where numerous individuals are collected toge¬ 
ther; and it maybe cured, under either of thefe clr- 
cumffances, with the ufe of no other meafures than fuch 
as are proper to maintain cleanlinefs of the wound af- 
fefted. Dr. Werneck has fome hypothetical opinions 
about the nature of the contagious virus, that it would 
not, perhaps, be right to negieft to notice; though it 
fliould be utiderffood that they are not cited here becaufe 
their truth is acknowledged. He fuppofes that the ef- 
fence of the virus is of an alkaline nature, and is to be 
correfted by acids, the moll efficacious of which, for the 
implied purpofe, is the acetic acid; next to this, the 
muriatic and oxy-muriatic acids; and, lalt in the lift, 
the other ftrong vegetable acids. 
Similar in its general charafter to the foregoing trea- 
tife, 
