PATHOLOGY. 
72 
made known to the north of Germany in a work by Dr. 
Karlten of Hanover, under the title of “Ueber die 
Kraetze, und deren bequemfte, fchnell-wirkendefte und 
ficherfte Heilarr, durch Baden in fchwefelhaltigen Da- 
empfen, und deffen vortheilhafte Anwendung zur 
Behandlung chronifcher Krankeiten der Haut und 
anderer Gebilde, nebft Befchreibung eines hierzu dien- 
lichen Apparats, von Dr. Karlten, mit 2 Kupfern. Ha¬ 
nover, 1818.” 
The practice is now generally adopted in moft parts of 
the continent, and has extended to Rufiia and Poland. 
Dr. Afialini, of the Inftitute of Sciences at Naples, has 
publilhed “ Medical Refearches on Fumigations of Sul¬ 
phur, Mercury, &c. Naples, 1820;” one objedt of which 
is, todefcribe the improvements and additions which he 
has made in the ccnftrudtion of the (loves employed for 
thefe purpofes. Of thefe, the principal feems to be, the 
having rendered the machines more portable, and 
their ufe more economical, than thofe propofed by G.ales, 
Darcet, and De Carro. He has added to his work nu¬ 
merous examples of the beneficial erfedts which have re- 
fulted from their ufe in his own practice in private life, 
and in the great military hofpital Del Sagramento at 
Naples. Although fo recently introduced into that 
kingdom, it is at the prefent period very generally em¬ 
ployed and recommended by the principal profefl'ors in 
the capital and provinces. The author promifes fpeedily 
to produce a fecond volume, with additional obfervations 
and experiments on fumigations and vapour-baths, to¬ 
gether with two memoirs on the ufe of thermal vapour- 
baths, and on oily undtions. with artificial fumigation, 
as a preventive from, and cure for, the difeafes produced 
by the marlhy effluvia commonly known under the name 
of malaria" 
The remedies of which fignor Afialini treats, appear 
to have received but little attention in this country, 
although the extent of their employment in France, 
particularly the fulphureous fumigations in the treat¬ 
ment of cutaneous difeafes, have been long known, and 
their efficacy undifputed. We are not aware of the ex- 
iftence of any public inftitution for this purpofe in any 
part of the kingdom ; and the few private ones which 
have been eftabliffled are limited in their operation, and 
far from being fufficiently extended or perfedt. In addi¬ 
tion to this, where fuch eftablifflments exifi, the ex¬ 
penses neceffarily attendant upon their adminiftration 
are, indeed, fo great as almoft wholly to exclude the 
lower claffes of Society, for whom they are moft frequently 
necefiary, from the advantages to be derived from them. 
Our country has always been diftinguilhed far its cha¬ 
ritable inftitutions, and at no period more fo than the 
prefent. Without taking from the merits of thofe 
which already exift, we are convinced that few meafures 
would be more humane and beneficial to the community, 
than t‘he formation of fuch eftablifliments as we have 
fpoken of, for the prefervation of health, and more par¬ 
ticularly for the prevention and removal of cutaneous 
difeafes. We feel greatly allured, that fupport and af- 
fiftance from the public would be readily given, and that 
an effort, a commencement, only is wanting to fecure 
the execution of an objedt fo necefiary and lb advanta¬ 
geous. 
We omitted to notice, in its proper place, the Univer- 
fity and the Anatomical Mufeum of Stralburg. Of the 
Mufeum, an account, with a catalogue of the prepara¬ 
tions, was publilhed laft year (1820), by Profeffor J. F. 
Lobftein. 
This colledfion is divided into two principal fedtions, 
one of which contains thofe of the healthy, and the 
other thofe of the difeafed, ftrudture of the human fub- 
jebt, and of animals. In the firft, the organs are ar¬ 
ranged with a view to their phyfiology, by lyftems, and 
according to their different functions. The human or¬ 
gans, followed by the correfponding organs of animals, 
are contained and cla'fied in twenty compartments, which 
alfo include the preparations iifed for demonftration in 
the courfes of-anatomical and phyfiological ledtures. In 
the fecond, the organs, in a Hate of difeafe, occupy eigh¬ 
teen compartments, and are diftributed in an anatomical 
order, according to general fyftems, and according to the 
organs which belong to the fundlions of nutrition, rela¬ 
tion, and reprodudlion. 
The ofifeous fyltem may be ftudied with a view to com¬ 
parative anatomy, by the affiftance of the entire Ikeletons 
of fifty-three different animals, fifty-feven Ikulls, and a 
great number of bones, of every fpecies of animals. 
The colledfion of preparations which contributes to de- 
monftrate the ftrudture and formation of bones, is ex¬ 
tremely complete. Among many of thefe, the external 
and internal periofteum is beautifully injedted. The fine 
injedtions of foetal bones have alfo fucceeded equally well. 
The myological preparations are, at the tame time, 
connedted with the fubjedt of angiology, as they have 
been made from injedted fubjedts: by this means they 
have been rendered doubly inftrudtive. In addition to 
thefe, here are others of the foetus injedted for the pur¬ 
pofe of (bowing their ftrudture. Thefe preparations, 
when viewed by the affiftance of the microfcope, difplay 
a net-work of blood veffels fuperior perhaps to thofe in 
the colledfion of Prochafka. 
The preparations which relate to the fundtion of di- 
geftion are various and extenfive. The alimentary canal 
of the human fubjedt, from the commencement of the 
oefophagus to the anus, diltended with air and dried, is 
compared with that of fourteen kinds of animals, pre¬ 
pared in the fame way. The organs of digeftion of man 
in particular, commencing with the falivary glands, are 
contrafted with the correfponding organs of different 
animals. The minute anatomy of thefe parts has not 
been negledted. The inteltines are fo completely in¬ 
jedted, that the pupils can conceive a perfedt idea of their 
villous coat, as it has been diltended, and the papillae 
eredted by the refin of the injedtion. Portions of the 
inteftines of the foetus, the veffels of which have been 
injedted with ifinglafs, coloured white, are not inferior to 
the preparations of Lieberkulm. 
Twenty preparations of the lymphatic veffels elucidate 
the receptaculum chyii and the thoracic duel, the right 
lymphatic trunk, the ladteals of the mefentery well in¬ 
jedted, the lymphatics of the liver, the large plexufes of 
the pelvis and vertebral column; the lymphatic veffels 
of the lungs, thofe which pafs behind the fternum into 
the anterior part of the mediaftinum, and the fuperficia! 
and deep-feated lymphatics of the upper and lower ex¬ 
tremities. Though thefe preparations are fufficient to 
give pupils an idea of the lymphatic veffels in almoft all 
parts of the body, the abforbent fyftem is (fill every 
year injedted in the recent fubjedt, during the anatomi¬ 
cal ledtures. The fame is done with the other prepara¬ 
tions of minute anatomy, angiological and neurological, 
and thofe which relate to the organs of fenfe. 
The organs of refpiration, alter being examined in 
the human body, may be afterwards compared with the 
fimilar organs of quadrupeds, amphibious animals, and 
fifhes. The minute ftrudture of the lungs is rendered 
apparent, and efpecially the difpofition of the bronchial 
veficles, by preparations from the lungs of children. 
The larynx difplays the fuperior arid inferior laryngeal 
nerves on both (ides, traced to their moft minute 
branches. The thyroid gland is completely injedted ; and 
it is obferved, that this is one of thofe organs in which 
the injedtion, when urged into the arteries, returns moft 
readily by the veins. 
With refpedt to the nervous fyftem, here are perfedt 
injedtions of the pia mater, and, in fome inftances, even 
the cortical fubftance of the brain has been reddened. 
The injedtions of the nerves are not inferior to thole re- 
prefented by Reil, in his work, entitled Exercitationum 
Anatomicarum Fafciculus Primus, de Strudtura Nervo¬ 
rum. All the cerebral nerves, with their diftributions, 
3 . are 
