PATHOLOGY. 
are illuftrated by feveral preparations. Numerous re- 
fearches have been made upon the brain itfelf, the refults 
of which were publifhed in the tliird and fourth volumes 
of the Journal Complementaire du Diftionnaire des Sci¬ 
ences Medicales, The feftions of the brain, made ac¬ 
cording to the views and procefs of M. Lauth, are pre- 
ferved in acidulated water, which anfwers the purpofe 
better than any other liquid. 
The colleftion is equally rich in preparations of the 
organs of fenfe. With refpeft to that of touch, we may 
l'afely fay it is impoffible to carry the injeftion of the (kin 
farther than is done in thefe preparations: and that none 
can eafily be found lb inftruftive as thofe which relate to 
the ftrufture of the negro-fkin. The nerves of the 
tongue are traced to their minuted: branches. The pi- 
tuary membrane, fubjeftedto maceration after injeftion, 
fhows, in a very Superior manner, the net-work of rami¬ 
fications on this membrane. Among the preparations 
of the eye, we may notice the injeftions of the veffels of 
the choroid, of the retina, and of the canal of Fon¬ 
tana, by meVcury, &c. The organ of hearing is illuf¬ 
trated by a very large number of preparations, and its 
moft minute parts elucidated. As early as the year 1752, 
the old univerfity pofl’elTed a collection of fixteen prepa¬ 
rations of this organ, fo beautifully arranged by hinges, 
and other mechanical means, that the various partsof the 
organ may be ftudied both feparately and united, fo as 
.to fhow their relation to each other. Thefe, the refult 
of the great ingenuity of profeftor May, were prefented 
to the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris; and the 
Academy, in the hiftorical part of its Memoirs for the 
year 1734., has mentioned it in honourable terms. Thefe 
preparations, which they at prefent poffefs, have been 
iince augmented by the addition of eighty-feven others, 
worthy of the originals. 
The preparations which relate to the fexual fyftem of 
the male and female, to pregnancy, parturition, and the 
produfts of conception, amount to 182 in number. In 
the injections of the tefticle with mercury, the fluid in¬ 
troduced into the deferens has palled into the feminife- 
rous fubftance. In two fpecimens they' have fucceeded in 
the almolt entire development of the vas differens and 
epididymis. The injeCtion of the blood-veffeis of the 
tefticle with ilinglafs, coloured by cinnabar, has fuc¬ 
ceeded fo well, that not only the pulp of it has been 
reddened, but, by the help of a magnifying-glafs, a net¬ 
work of vefi’els can be diftinguilhed upon the veffels 
themfelves. 
A feries of fifty fcetufes (hows their gradual increafe, 
week by week, from the fecond month, up to the full 
term of pregnancy. Six preparations lhow the difpofition 
and development of the foetal organs at the different pe¬ 
riods of its life. 
The fecond feClion of this work, containing the pa¬ 
thological unatomy, forms a larger part of it than the 
preceding one 5 and we regret that our limits will not 
allow us to give fo complete an account of its contents as 
we could vvilh. We mull, therefore, confine ourfelves to 
noticing a few of its moft interefting objefts. 
Under the article of calculi, are mentioned fome of 
very unufual fize from the maxillary duCI. The col¬ 
lection of horfe-bezoar (inteftinal calculi) is alfo re¬ 
markable; the largeft weighs nine pounds and a half. 
The biliary calculi are arranged according to the 
claflification of Fourcroy : no clafs eftablillied by that 
chemift is wanting. The urinary calculi comprehend 
thirty-eight feries, a number of which, broken, or lawn, 
difplay their laminated ftrufture and the different co¬ 
lours of their ftrata correfponding to the three principal 
elements compofing them ; viz. uric acid, pholphate of 
lime, and oxalate of lime. Proftatic calculi, which are 
fomewhat rare, are to be feen difpofed in regular feries, 
or in a circular arrangement, in the excretory duCts of 
that gland. Calculi from veins, which the author calls 
phlebolithes, have been carefully collected and examined ; 
Vol. XIX No. 1288. 
73 
and a coloured reprefentation, which the author con- 
fiders unique, made of their laminated ftruflure. 
Under the article caries, a cranium is mentioned, which 
is perforated with apertures, in the form of a fieve, by a 
venereal afteftion. The patient from whom it was 
taken, was treated with mercury, and even now (as in 
1758 when this preparation excited the attention of the 
curious) globules of mercury are feen in the little finus, 
and ulcers in the internal furface of the cranium. This 
faCt, obferved by Fallopius and others, had been denied 
in modern times, till fome experiments made at Tubin¬ 
gen in 1808, eftablilhed its truth. In a fpecimen of 
caries of the pelvis, the offa pubis et ifchii are entirely 
deftroyed, except the portion forming the fymphyfis of 
the former, and that which contributes to the formation 
of the acetabulum of the latter. 
M. Lobftein obferves, that it is not yet agreed what 
meaning is to be attached to the term J'pina venlofa. If 
fwelling of the bone in its whole thicknefs, and a fpon- 
ginefs of its texture, fuch as refults from cells of different 
dimenftons, may conftitute fpina ventofa; if the cells 
are filled with fluids of various kinds; if there are offeous 
excrefcences, either on the external furface, or within 
the above cells, the mufeurn contains fpecimens of this 
diforganization; particularly i:i the os humeri, tibia, and 
fibula. 
The laft form of the difeafe of bone noticed, is that 
in which large maffes of offeous matter entirely difappear, 
and no traces of them are found, except infulated frag-, 
roents floating in an abundance of mucilaginous matter. 
The author firft noticed this difeafe in the ribs, and de- 
fcribed it with other analogous examples in the “ Rap¬ 
ports fur les Travaux executes a l’Amphitheatre d’Ana- 
tomie.” Since the publication of that, he has obferved 
it a fecond time on the ribs and pelvis of the fame indi¬ 
vidual. The facrum and offa innominata were covered 
with a thick periofteum, more moift than ufual; in de¬ 
taching it, the compaft external table of the bones could 
be at once removed : a reticular tiffue was then feen with 
larger interftices, which were filled with a fubftance in 
colour and confidence very like currant-jelly. This 
difeafe, in the opinion of M. Lobftein, confilts in a fpon- 
ginefs of the bone, accompanied by a fecretion of an 
albumino-mucous matter. In the fluid of the numerous 
cyfts, which fupplied the place of the offeous matter de¬ 
ftroyed, portions of bone, rendered thin and porous, 
were feen floating like half-diffolved fugar. The conti¬ 
guous portions of bone had the fame fpongy appearance. 
In fpeaking of the organic changes of mufcles, their 
conversion into fat, to which the term Myodemie is 
given, is faid to have been obferved in two inftances. In 
another the femi-membranofi alone had undergone this 
change. After fome remarks on the fympathetic coinci¬ 
dence in the deficiences and difeafes of the mufcles of 
the two fides and extremities of the body, the author 
relates a cafe in which the biceps of each arm, and no 
other part, was found in a date of gangrene, in a woman 
who died in child-bed. 
The morbid changes, &c. of the vafcular fyftem, are 
contained in the next chapter, from which we (hall only 
mention a rare diftribulion of the aorta: its arch divides 
into two branches, which, by their reunion, form a 
fpace, and through this pafs the trachea and thecefopha- 
gus.' The irregularity is defcribed by Hommel, in the 
Commerc. Lit. Noricum. 1777. 
The remaining chapters are devoted to the pathological 
anatomy of the thoracic organs, thofe of digeftion, of 
the urinary fyftem, nervous and generative fyftems. Like 
the reft of the book, they are made up of a mafs of va¬ 
luable and interefting fafts, ftated with the utmoft fim- 
plicity and clearnefs. Laft of all is placed a Catalogue 
of the Preparations of this deleft yet extenfive Mufeum. 
The whole number of them amounts at prefent to 3286, 
of which 1977 relate to phyfiological, and 1309 to pa¬ 
thological, anatomy. The Mufeum is open to the public 
U once 
