PATHOLOGY. 
The work of Chani-Zadeh,in the opinion ofM.Bianchi, 
is written in a ftyle which is clear, concife, and elevated : 
mod of the technical expredions have been borrowed 
from the Arabic, though fometimes, and efpecially in the 
anatomical defcription, the author has retained the Greek 
or Latin word employed in the original fource from 
whence he derived his information. 
The following extraCts, which M.Bianchi has tranflated 
from the text of the author’s firft preface, contain fome 
interefting details on the arrangement of the book, the 
nature of its contents, and the motives which induced 
the fultan Mahmoud to permit its publication by an ex- 
prefs ediCt. The author of this notice believes that the 
work of which he has given the outline may be of utility 
to thofe who have an idea of praCtifing medicine or lur- 
gery in any part of the Levant. The Angularity of the 
Oriental expreflion, and the rhodomontade ftyle of the 
following extradr, will perhaps render its perufal not 
uninterefting, more particularly as the produdtion is of 
very recent date ; we are, therefore, induced to give it in 
its entire ftate, as a curioiity in medical literature. 
“ Medicine and anatomy are elementary fciences, and 
the objeCts of general ftudy. They fall within the cog¬ 
nizance of philofophers, literati, and the minifters of re¬ 
ligion. Not only learned men and people of found 
judgment acknowledge that the aim of thefe fciences is 
the difcovery of truth, but from the remoteft antiquity 
they have always been confidered, by the higheft autho¬ 
rities, as conftituting a branch of valuable and honour¬ 
able knowledge. The advantages which refult from 
their cultivation are not confined to the human race, but, 
from the united tellimony of the learned, their beneficent 
influence embraces all animated nature. The benefits of 
modern medicine are molt obvious ; and anatomy, found¬ 
ed on accuracy and attention, has arrived at fuch a de¬ 
gree of perfection, that every thing which now concerns 
the treatment of internal maladies, the drefling of wounds 
and ulcers, and the cure of infirmities, is, by an admira¬ 
ble difpofition derived from the rules of art, diverted of 
doubt and exempt from danger. 
“ In conformity to thefe confiderations, Khamfei 
Chani-Zadeh has depofed at the foot of the fupreme 
throne the three following books, bound into one vo¬ 
lume. 
“ The excellent Judge, he who is the regulator of the 
-laws of the ftate, the Plato of the Empire and of the 
Khalifat, the fovereign to whom fate has revealed fci- 
ence and wifdom, the Sultan of Sultans, endowed with 
the wifdom of Solomon, the monarch whole glory recals 
the time of Cofroes, the King of Kings, inverted with the 
power of the age of Djemchid, the Sultan, the Son of a 
Sultan, the intrepid Sultan Mahmoud ; Khan, the fon of 
the glorious Sultan Abdul-Hamid-Khan, (may the fun 
of his power never ceafe to illuminate the courfe of his 
victories and glorious enlerprifes !) his Majefty our Lord, 
having at length condefcended, during many days, to 
examine and to make profound obfervations, with jurtice 
and difcernment, on all the truths of the above-men¬ 
tioned book, acknowledged that, independently of the 
great benefit which would be derived from it to the Ot¬ 
toman empire (the duration of which is eternal), and 
alfo to Mufl’ulmen, it had never yet been preceded by 
any work, the advantage of which could be at all com¬ 
pared with it; and that, as fuch, it was worthy of being 
confidered among the precious and innumerable produc¬ 
tions which have rendered his fortunate reign illuftrious. 
His majefty, from all thefe confiderations of general good, 
attached the greateft importance to the circumftance of 
the printing and publication of the work under his fu¬ 
preme aufpices. This determination came opportunely 
to j.uftify the precept, ‘That Kings are infpired.’ 
“ The figures neceflary for the work having been ar¬ 
ranged and correfted by the author, who procured an 
ediit marked with the figns of wifdom and happinefs, 
from the execution of which the work w'as to be printed 
77 
at the imperial prefs; from this inftant, the old and well- 
attached iervant of the fultan, he who was brought up 
in purity and lincerity, and under the fhadow of the 
phoenix proteCtor of his highnefs, one of the guards of 
the archives, and prefeCt of the imperial prefs, Efiexd 
Abdul Rahim, after having recited the Bifmillah, (‘ Bif- 
millah errahman errah'an; In the name of the merciful 
and compaflionate God,’) immediately commenced the 
work. But what was purely the refult of the miraculous 
power of his majefty is, that, without the neceflity of 
having recourfe to foreign means, by the afliftance of 
Allah, and by uniting the numerous artifans to be found 
in Conftantinople, the neceflary figures were engraved on 
fifty-fix plates of copper. On the other hand, the daily 
corrections of the author caufed the printing of the 
work to be foon terminated. At length, thanks to God, 
who knows all things, in the month of April, 1820, the 
book was entirely completed and delivered to the binder. 
It muft be acknowledged that, from the ufeful faCts it 
contains, the other productions which have rendered the 
reign of his majefty illuftrious cannot be compared to it. 
Doubtlefs it has procured for his majefty’s Have, the au¬ 
thor, under the ftiadow of his majefty’s power, the nume¬ 
rous rewards with which his highnefs has condefcended 
to honour him. 
“ May the Deity, whole power is infinite, be, till the 
day of the laft judgment, the fupport of our lord and 
mailer the Emperor of Mufl’ulmen ; and may he, for their 
benefit, perpetuate our fovereign’s power, and prolong 
his precious life. Such are the wilhes which I form irt 
honour of the Prince of Prophets.” 
Immediately after this unique preface, a table of the 
contents of the three volumes is given. This table is fol¬ 
lowed by a fecond preface, confining of little elfe than a 
repetition of what had already been faid by the author. 
We are there informed that the production had been be¬ 
fore prefented to the fultan Mahmoud in the year 1815- 
16, under the title of the “Mirror of the ObjeCts in 
Human Anatomy.” The author concludes by obferving, 
that, among the caufes which have contributed to the 
publication of the work, may be enumerated the re¬ 
proach, made by many perfons, of ignorance in the phy- 
ficians of the empire with regard to the new doctrines in 
anatomy and medicine. 
As to the works of the ancients on medicine, and par¬ 
ticularly of the Arabians, they are perfectly known to the 
Turks, fince they are to be found in all the public li¬ 
braries. Toderini, in his time, reckoned more than a 
hundred volumes in the library of St. Sophia, indepen¬ 
dently of the works of Avicenna and Averoes. They 
have tranflated the works of Hippocrates, Andromachus, 
Rufus, Galen, Diofcorides, and the moll celebrated 
matters of Greece. The works of European phyficians 
are alfo not unknown to them; for, in the library of 
Raguib, pacha at Conftantinople, there is a tranflation 
of the works of Sydenham ; and it is well known that, 
under Muftapha III. the friend and proteClorof Ottoman 
literature, a tranflation of the Aphorifms of Boerhaave 
was produced; but, till the prefent time, no work on 
medicine or furger.y had been printed. 
The firft volume of Chani-Zadeh’s book contains all 
that relates to anatomy, and the explanation of the fifty- 
fix plates, which, as well as all that he has written, appear 
to have been taken, in part, from the Italian tranflations 
of the works of Bertin and Palfin. The fecond volume 
is on the corporeal and intellectual faculties of man, or 
p/iyjiulogy. The third is on the nature of difeafes and the 
employment of remedies, conftituting nofology and thera¬ 
peutics. This is preceded by two prefaces and an intro¬ 
duction : the firft preface contains only a feries of quota¬ 
tions from the Koran on the utility of medicine, eulo- 
giums on the fovereign, and apologies of the author for 
the errors which may have infimuated themfelves into his 
production. 
It is principally with the view of afiifting thofe who are 
ltudying 
