PATHOLOGY. 
unufual motions. Sicknefs and vertigo are mutually pro- 
duftiveof each other, like fomeotheraffeftions of the head 
and ftomach. When the ftomach is rendered Tick by wine or 
naufeous drugs, a giddinefs is perceived, even with clofed 
eyes, and vice verfti. Dr. Darwin mentions a ftriking fait 
illuftrative of the effeft of this dizzinefs, produced through 
the organs of light, in bringing on and preventing fea- 
ficknefs. “ In an open boat palling from Leith to King- 
horn in Scotland, a fudden change of wind fliook the 
undiftended fail, and ftopt our boat; from this unufual 
movement the pafl'engers all vomited except myfelf. I 
obferved, that the undulation of thelhip, and the inftabi- 
lity of all vifible objects, inclined me firongly to be fick ; 
and this continued or increafed when I clofed my eyes, 
but, as often as I bent my attention with energy on the 
management and mechanifm of the ropes and fails, the 
licknefs ceafed; and recurred again as often as I relaxed 
this attention.” (Zoonomia, feft. xx.) Similar naufea, 
though lefs in degree, is commonly an attendant on the 
vertigo produced by looking from a high tower, or at¬ 
tempting to crofs a narrow path, unfupported, over a 
deep chafm. 
As this is fo evidently a mere fymptom of difeafe, the 
treatment of it embraces a large field of difcufiion, vary¬ 
ing according to its aetiology. As a palliative, effervef- 
cing draughts, or, when acid only is prefent, alkalies are 
ferviceable. It is to be obferved, that the prafticeof refort- 
ing to emetics on all occafions of naufea, is injudicious ; 
and probably aggravates the evil tenfold, by augmenting 
the irritability and feeblenefs of the ftomach, and thus 
laying the foundation for permanent imbecility in that 
important organ. 
£. L. vomituria, retching, or an ineffeftual effort to 
vomit. In this fymptom the patient, by a voluntary aft, 
endeavours to rejeft the load which opprefles him ; but, 
the fympathetic aftion between the ftomach and the invo¬ 
luntary mufcles concerned in this aft not being fufficiently 
in force, its performance is reftrained. 
y. Vomitus, vomiting, or rejeftion from the ftomach. 
The aft of vomiting is produced by the fame caufes 
as naufea, though they exift in greater degree. The fame 
palliatives are in ufe. 
Among other affeftions analogous to this, muft be no¬ 
ticed rumination. Itis known to bea natural and voluntary 
aft in animals which have a plurality of ftomachs, as the 
ox, fheep, deer, goat, and camel ; (fee vol. xiv. p. 236.) 
but unnatural and very rare in the human fubjeft. Yet 
it is by no means a difeafe, but rather a peculiar con- 
ftitution of the cefophagus ; and thofe who have this 
faculty “ have declared,” fays Blumenbach, “ that they 
had a real enjoyment in it; and that with them, as with 
the clafs pecora, it was a voluntary aft.” 
In exhibiting the hiftory of our knowledge upon this 
fubjeft, it is a matter of difficulty to determine whether 
it was known to the ancients, and, if known, in what 
light they viewed the affeftion ; for it is evident, that 
we cannot, with juftice, call it a difeafe, feeing that its pof- 
felfors do not confider it fuch, from its being, on the con¬ 
trary, rather attended with confiderable enjoyment. If we 
confider the habits and boundlefs luxury of the civilized 
among the ancients, the manner in which the ftomach 
was unloaded of a previous meal, in order to re-enter 
upon a fecond gratification of the palate, among the 
Grecian and Roman gourmands, in their refpeftive eras 
of luxury, it may be eafily inferred that fuch an affeftion 
as that we are now employed to defcribe, would have 
been confidered a moil delightful fource of animal grati¬ 
fication ; and^certainly would not have been the lefs 
indulged, nor would the enjoyment have been diminifhed, 
had a fimilar opinion been entertained by their phyficians 
as was propagated by honeft Fabricius ab Aquapendente, 
that the pofleflor was endowed with a double ftomach, 
and that the other beftial concomitants might, in procefs 
of time, be expefted, either in themfeves or their more 
beftial defcendants. 
12-5 
Galen, who had ample opportunities of obfervation 
among the many inftances of indigertion he muft have 
met with in the luxurious court of the Antonines, does 
not give the hiftory of a fingle cafe ; and, amid the various 
ftomach-aches and affeftions of Marcus Aurelius, which, it 
would appear, both puzzled the brain and excited the anx¬ 
iety of this prince of phyficians, fo as to make him afraid 
that a glafs of fpiced wine might be too hazardous a re¬ 
medy for the good emperor, the faculty of regurgitating his 
meals for a fecond maftication, appears not to have en¬ 
tered into the number. 
Fabricius ab Aquapendente furnilhes two of the earlieft 
inftances of human rumination. The firft is of a noble¬ 
man, in whom it generally took place an hour after his 
meals; which, whether folid or fluid, were always returned, 
in order to undergo a fecond maftication. Fabricius 
thought it proper to mention that the father of this indi¬ 
vidual had a horn growing from his forehead ; and, with 
great good faith, adds, “ ex quo forte datur nobis intel- 
ligi, parentis femen aliquam habuiffe cum cornugeris ani- 
malibus, neque mirum fuifle genitutn filium fimile, quid a 
parente contraxiffe :” that, although the fon did not inhe¬ 
rit his father’s horns, yet he poflefled the accompanying 
faculty of rumination. 
The fecond inftance with which Fabricius has fa¬ 
voured us, was in a monk, who, although poflefled of a 
moft ravenous appetite, died of marafmus. This monk 
was poflefled of ft ill higher beftial attributes ; for Fabricius 
defcribes him as having his forehead loaded with two horns; 
and Johannes Burgovverrus, who vifited this monk in the 
company of Joh. Prevotiusand Thos. Minadous, wrote a 
DiflTertation on this interefting individual, and afforded 
Fabricius with the particulars which are inferted in hi.s 
works. Burgower alfo adds, that the brother of this 
monk was alfo adorned with two budding horns, 
“ Duorum cornum veftigia geftafle,” as a Jlriking feature 
of family-likenefs; or, as this author will have it, “ Quod 
enim fratris erat, id monacho ruminanti fimul gratis im- 
petiunt.” But this illuftrious individual did not rumi¬ 
nate, unhappily for the argument of Thos. Bartholinus, 
who, from thele two individual inftances, haftens to the 
conclufion, (in his TreatiJ'e ds Unicornu, cap. 2.) from the 
obvious analogy of the cornugera pecudes, that all hu¬ 
man ruminants are poflefled of horns; and alfo avers, 
that a double ftomach will always be found on diffeftion. 
Sennertus furniihes another hiftory of a man of forty , 
who poflefled this faculty from a child. He finds no 
difficulty in accounting for its occurrence, when he 
learnt that, when a child, this individual had loft his mo¬ 
therland had been fed during his non-age with the milk 
warm from the cow. He accordingly foberly concludes, 
that he fucked it in with his nurfe’s milk ! 
Philip Salnuith furnifhes us with another inftance of 
human rumination. It always took place in this indivi¬ 
dual about a quarter of an hour after having left table. 
He always ate ravenoufly, and fwallowed his food almoft 
without any previous maftication. 
John Faber Lynceus (in Expofitione Hiftor. Nardi An- 
thonii Recchi, p. 630.) gives an inftance of moft obftinate 
rumination in a highly-rel'pefta'ole German, who, even 
when feated over his cups with his friends, was always 
obliged to retire about half an hour after the meal 
into a remote corner of the apartment, and then ruminate 
the ingefta, undifturbedly and as quickly as poffible; 
which having done, he enjoyed uninterruptedly the fociety 
of his friends. Having been afked how he became 
obliged to indulge this propenfity, he anfwered that 
from a boy he had been fubjeft to acid eruftations; that, 
after having reached his thirtieth year, he found it impof- 
fible to refill admitting into his mouth the food that 
conftantly regurgitated from his ftomach. And, being 
farther interrogated whether the fecond maftication of his 
food could polfibly afford him any gratification, “ Indeed,” 
he replied, “ it is fweeter than honey, and accompanied 
by a more delightful relilh.” 
This 
