PATHOLOGY. 177 
tedines, and occafionally the domach, in one dreadful 
and incurable difeafe, we ftiall tranfcribe from Dr. Baron 
a clear, and we believe, from our own obfervation, faith¬ 
ful, portrait of its primary fymptoms. 
The complaint comes on in general with tendernefs 
and dillention of the abdomen, accompanied with nau- 
fea and vomiting. The bowels, for the mod part, are 
coftive, both before and after the attack ; but they are 
frequently in an oppofite date. At this period, the fymp¬ 
toms not being fo violent as to force the patient to feek 
for proper relief, they are very apt to be negleCted : but, 
unlefs the true nature of the diforder be difcovered, and 
its courfe arreded at an early dage, all fubfequent efforts 
will probably be ufelefs. The progrefs of the aft'eCtion is 
as follows: the bowels become more and more irregular 
in their aCtion ; the tendernefs and fwelling increafe; 
the appetite fails; the puife acquires greater velocity; 
the features look fharp and contracted ; the countenance 
becomes pale or fallow, the lips parched and fkinny; the 
tongue fometimes of a bright colour, refembling what is 
feen in diabetes, at other times it is covered with a thick 
whitifh mucus. The flefli and drength decay rapidly : 
great emaciation takes place : the fkin, except towards 
the lad dage, is for the mod part dry and fealy : the 
urine fmall in quantity 5 occafionally clear, more fre¬ 
quently otherwife. If a cough has not exided from the 
beginning, it is very apt to occur about this time; but 
this is by no means to be confidered asadiagnodic fymp¬ 
tom; its exidence depending upon the fpreading of the 
difeafe to the pleura, and thoracic vifcera. 
The feet fometimes fwell towards the conclufion of the 
difeafe, or the fwelling is confined to one leg or thigh. 
At this period, if the examination of the abdomen be 
made with due care, it will be found to communicate to 
the touch the feeling occafioned by a folid tumour; the 
integuments and mufcles not rolling upon the contained 
parts as in a date of health. But in i'ome cafes, where 
the effufion is conjoined with the original and more im¬ 
portant difeafe, a ferife of flu&uation may be difcovered. 
Very frequently the patient complains of a didreffing 
feeling of a “ broiling heat” at the domach ; the dil- 
charge of a tough ropy phlegm from the mouth, con- 
ftant naufea, with violent retching and vomiting ; and, 
in two cafes, the matter brought lip during feveral days 
before death was dcrcoraceous. In the courfe of the 
complaint, the appetite is for the mod part very bad; 
but the defire for liquids is infatiable, even though a con- 
fcioulnefs exids that a large quantity cannot be fwal- 
lowed without occafioning very great didrefs. When a 
feeling of finking and emptinefs prevails, the patient 
eagerly thinks of many articles that might allay his un- 
ealinels, but the fight of them feldom fails to excite 
loathing and difgud. Should any fudenance be taken, 
it is either fpeedily returned by vomiting, or it eaufes 
indefcribable uneafinefs. The patient rolls about in all 
directions, in vain feeking for fome point where he may 
repofe. Every aCtion of the domach or intedines comes to 
be performed with great pain. The paflage of flatus up¬ 
wards or downwards, the movements which take place 
before the evacuation of the bowels, all give rife to fuf- 
feFing. At times the pain is fharp and tranfient ; at 
others it is heavy and obtufe ; but a fenfe of weight is 
feldom abfent; and it is more felt after vomiting or pur¬ 
ging than before. One patient, (an infant,) in allufion 
to this fymptom, ufed to put his hand on the abdomen, 
and exclaim piteoufly, “ Oh ! fo heavy !” Another faid, 
that his bowels felt as if they were “ tied up in a napkin.” 
At another time he faid, “ they feemed to be in a mafs;” 
and at a third, he declared that, if he had “ a fhot at¬ 
tached to every convolution of his intedines, he could 
not fufl'er more than he did.” 
The above-mentioned author has not found medical 
treatment of much avail even in the earlied flages of the 
above complaint. The production of a continued date 
of naufea has feemed to him to he attended with fome 
advantage ; and Dr. Jennerhas communicated fome cafes 
which were cured by a long continuance of that uneafy 
fenfation. It is neceffary, moreover, to palliate the 
fymptoms by bleeding occafionally; to keep the bowels 
lax, and to relieve pain by narcotics. Mercury, which 
might-be fuppofed an agent of fome ufe in promoting 
ablorption, appears to aggravate rather than to amelio¬ 
rate the complaint. It is to be obferved, that a fome- 
what different praCtice will be reforted to by thofe who 
regard this difeafe in a different light from Dr. Baron ; 
this gentleman confidering it a difeafe of the abforbents,, 
while others confider the tubercles (the mod common, 
and earlied appearances on difleCtion) to be produced by 
effufed coagulating lymph, the confequence of inflamma¬ 
tion. Dr. B. oppofes this view of the cafe with much> 
ingenuity ; but, upon fumming up all the faCts known 
on this intereding fubjeft, and after tracing the different 
gradations of difeafed flrufture with much labour, we 
are forced to acknowledge our information very infuffi- 
cient, and our minds far from being made up on this: 
head. 
Class II. PNEUMATICA, [from Tmv^a, breath.] 
Diseases of the Respiratory Function. 
Order I. Phonica, [from (pavn , the voice.] Diforders 
aft'eCling the Vocal Avenues. This Order contains fix: 
Genera. > 
Genus I. Coryza, [Gr. nafal mucus.] Running at the 
nofe. Galen confines the term xopvga. to defluxion from 
the nodrils alone ; but Hippocrates, as we learn from 
Celfus, applied it equally to defluxions from the head, 
nodrils, fauces, and ched. The latter Greek phyficians 
redrained it to the fird, and diflinguifhed the two latter 
by the name of catadagmus (y.uzcta-Tci'yy.oq), which 
equally imports dijlillutio or defluxion. Among modern 
writers coryza is uled fynonymoufly with catarrh, and is 
confequently regarded as a febrile aft'eCtion. It may in¬ 
deed occur, and often does fo, in various fevers as a 
fymptom ; but the older nolologids are more correCt in 
giving it a place diflindl from fever, when dridtly genuine.. 
Defluxion from the nodrils may proceed from two very 
different fets of eaufes : increafed adiion of the fecer- 
nents, and diminiffied adiion of the abforbents. The 
fird or dimulatiiig fet may confid of dernutatories ; of 
the irritation of fympathy, as in crying; of infedlious 
effluvia in the atmofphere (fometimes, though feldom, 
limiting their adtion to the mucous membrane of the nof- 
trils, and hence approaching the nature of catarrh); and 
of the local dimulus of an ozana, or nafal ulcer. The 
adiion of the abforbents may be diminiffied by expofure 
tofevere cold ; by the debility of old age ; and by a long 
habit of dernutatories, which have a tendency, in pro¬ 
portion to their ufe, to render all the veflels of the nof- 
trils torpid ; although the abforbents, as in the cafes of 
age and cold, and indeed in all indances of debility, are 
fooner operated upon than the fecernents. Here, there¬ 
fore, the defluxion is produced, not from increafed fecre- 
tion, for the fecretion may even belefs than in .a date of 
health; but from the fecretion, whatever its quantity, 
not being carried, oft' by its ufual channel; and hence 
again that frequent and unlightly dripping from the nof- 
trils of perfons who addiCt thenifelves to large quantities, 
of fnuff. Of this genus we have two fpecies, with their 
varieties. 
1. Coryza entonica: the defluxion pellucid, mucous,, 
or ropy, with a fenfe of irritation or infarction. This 
fpecies is divided into four varieties. 
a. Sternutatoria ; from dernutatories. 
( 3 . Lachrymofa ; from weeping or crying ; the lachry¬ 
mal fecretion being increafed by mental emotion. 
y. Catarrhalis, cold in the head ; from fudden cold oe 
change in the temperature of the atmofphere ; accompa¬ 
nied with a nafal voice and lofs of finell ; and excoria¬ 
tion of the mucous membrane of the nodrils. The ca¬ 
tarrhal; 
