PATHOLOGY. 
22C, 
between the fits, in a tertian half as much more, and in 
a quartan two ounces. It will be generally better to 
dear out the primre viae before this remedy is begun 
with; and various additions may often be required, to 
make it agree better with the ftomach and bowels, parti¬ 
cularly aromatics and other ftimulants, aperients or fmall 
dofes of opium, according' to circumftances. In thefe 
dofes, however, it generally oppreffes the ftomach ; and 
it may reafonably be doubted whether the application of 
bark has not often produced the vifceral difeafes which 
have happened in this complaint. The French ufe a pre¬ 
paration of this drug- called quinine. It has this advan¬ 
tage over the cinchona in powder, that it contains all the 
remedial portion of that fubftance, without difturbing 
the digeliive procefs by its large quantity of tough 
woody fibre. The dofe is two grains, to be given every 
two hours during the intermiftion. The fulphuric acid 
has been ftated to have proved very fuccefsful in the re¬ 
moval of this difeafe. But the mod efficacious prepa¬ 
ration we know of is the liquor arfenicalis : it muft be 
given in dofes of io or 12 drops two or three times a-d.iy, 
and it^ effeCts watched. 
Our readers will bear in mind (fee p. 55 of this arti¬ 
cle), that the black pepper (in dofes of 6 to 10 grains 
twice a-day) has been fuccelsfully given by Drs. Frank 
and Ghighini. Since that paragraph was written, many 
refpedable teftimonials have appeared in favour of the 
ufe of this drug. It is remarkable that this is merely an 
old medicine revived, Diofcorides and Cafimir Medicus 
having both ufed it in the treatment of intermittents. 
This complaint often feems kept up by an habitual 
operation of a&ion after the exciting caufe has ceafed 
to exift. It is in thefe cafes that fo much has been done 
by mental impreflions. We might fill a page with an 
enumeration of the various inert remedies which have, 
•through the medium of imagination, cured the ague. 
It will be fufticient to extraCt two fentences from the 
works of two of the firft philofophers of this country. 
“ I myfelf,” fays Mr. Boyle, “ was cured of a violent 
quotidian by applying to my wrifts a pafte made of bay- 
falt, new’ hops, and blue currants; which has alfo re¬ 
lieved many others both of quotidians and tertians.” 
(Philof. Works abr. tom. i. p. 80.) And Lord Bacon 
lays, that “juices of ftock-gilly flowers, rofe-campion, 
garlic, and other things, applied to the wrifts, and re¬ 
newed, have cured long agues.” His lordfliip likewife 
recommends, in the heats of agues, to hold eggs of ala- 
bafter and balls of cryftal in the hands. 
The genus Anetus is divided by Dr. Good into five 
fpecies, and thole fpecies into many varieties, as will ap¬ 
pear from the following enumeration. 
1. Anetus quotidianus, the quotidian ague: intermif- 
fion about twenty-four hours; paroxyfm commencing 
in the morning; ufual duration under eighteen hours. 
< This fpecies is fubdivided into the following varie¬ 
ties. 
a.. Partialis: confined to a particular part or organ, 
ufually accompanied with diftrefiing pain. Sometimes 
limited to one fide. Sometimes, and ftill more generally, 
confined to the whole or half the head, embracing many 
cafes of cephalaea. 
( 3 . Comitatus: catenated with, or giving rife to, fo¬ 
reign lymptoms or other difeafes. 
7. ProtraQus: leaving the intermiftion inordinately 
fnort, or imperfeCL 
8 . Anticipans, the anticipating quotidian of Fordyce : 
the paroxyfm anticipating its antecedent period ufually 
by about two hours ; and continuing the fame antici¬ 
pation at every recurrence ; fo that the accefiion may 
hereby be thrown into any hour of the day or night. 
e. Cunftans, the retarding quotidian : the paroxyfm 
delaying its antecedent period, ufually by about two 
hours; and continuing the fame delay at every recur¬ 
rence as above. 
3. Anetus tertianus, the tertian ague: intermiflion 
about forty-eight hours; paroxyfm commencing at noon ; 
ufual duration under twelve hours. Divided into, 
a. Comitatus : catenated with other difeafes; and, 
13 . Protradlus: leaving the intermiftion inordinately 
ftiort or imperfedh 
3. Anetus quartanus, the quartan ague : intermiftion 
about feventy-tw r o hours ; paroxyfm commencing in the 
afternoon ; ufual duration under nine hours. 
This, like the former, has a., Comitatus ; and /•?, Pro¬ 
tradlus. Alfo, 
7. Anticipans, or anticipating quartan : the paroxyfm 
anticipating its antecedent period. 
8 . Cunclans, or retarding quartan : delaying its ante¬ 
cedent period. 
4. Anetus erraticus, the irregular intermittent: inter¬ 
miftion and paroxyfm lefs regular; the former more than 
feveuty-two hour's. 
This is divided into, cl, Quintanus ; /?, Sextanus; 7, 
Septanus ; 0, Odtanus; e, Nonanus; £, Decimanus ; and 
laftly, -/}, Vagus, which is equally irregular in the vio¬ 
lence of the paroxyfm, the duration of its ftages, and the 
period of its return. 
5. Anetus complicatus, the complicated intermittent : 
paroxyfms intricate, multiplicate, or both. Here we 
have no fewer than eight varieties. 
a. Tertianus duplex, or double tertian. 
C. Tertianus triplex, or triple tertian. 
7. Tertianus impar, unequal double tertian. 
8 . Tertianus duplicatus, fitigle tertian with two parox¬ 
yfms on the regular day of attack. 
£. Quartanus duplex, or double quartan. 
£. Quartanus triplex, or ftngle quartan with regularly- 
returning paroxyfms, each of the intervening days being 
marked with a /lighter attack. 
n. Quartanus duplicatus, or Angle quartan with two 
paroxyfms on the regular day of attack. 
0 . Quartanus triplicatus, or lingle quartan with three 
paroxyfms on the regular day. 
Genus III. Epanetus, [from I remit.] Re¬ 
mittent fever. Generic characters—Strikingly exacer¬ 
bating, and remitting, but without intermiftion ; one pa¬ 
roxyfm every twenty-four hours. 
It is quite unneceSary to defcribe minutely the fymp- 
toms of the remittent fever, after the ample detail which 
we have given of thofe of fever in general. We may 
juft obferve, however, that it varies extremely in its cha- 
rafter, according to the feafon, climate, and other cir- 
cumftances under which it appears. In its milder forms, 
the remittent begins with chillinefs, laflitude, pains in 
the bones, head-ache, and a difordered condition of the 
ftomach, lofs of appetite, ficknefs, and even vomiting. 
At night the febrile lymptoms run high ; the heat and 
thirft are great, the tongue and mouth are parched, the 
pain of the head is violent, the patient is totally unable 
to deep, and is continually tolling and tumbling about, 
and often becomes delirious. But generally in the morn¬ 
ing, an imperfe& fweat brings on a remiftion of all the 
fymptoms. In the evening, the paroxyfm returns, but 
is not preceded by any cold fit or fhivering; yet it is 
commonly more fevere than the former. Next morning 
it remits as before; and thefe periodical changes recur 
daily, becoming however lefts marked, if the difeafe he 
negleCled, until the fever infenlibly aftumes a continued 
form. The pulfe is full and quick during the remifllons 
to indicate fever ; but rigors feldom precede the fits after 
the.firft attack. Many patients difcharge a bilious mat¬ 
ter from their ftomachs by vomiting, and all are difor- 
dered in that organ. The more violent form of this com¬ 
plaint, as exemplified in the yellow fever, has already 
been tlefcribed. The milder form is to be treated accor¬ 
ding to the fame indications as the fevere; but, of courfe, 
by much lefts powerful meafures. Here we have three 
fpecies, with their.varieties. 
1. Epanetus rnitis, the mild remittent: pulfe regular, 
though 
