282 
ATHOLOGY 
(anguine eruption in the fecond. Between the paroxyfms, 
however, it is neceflary, for the mod part, to take blood, 
and that frequently; but in fmall quantities, as directed 
in ferous plethora. The dyfpeptic treatment mud be put 
in force. Very great benefit is alfo derivable from coun. 
ter-irritants, as bliders, &c. and, except in hasmaturia, 
by diuretics. The treatment of paflive hemorrhage em¬ 
braces a wider field of dietetic treatment than probably 
any other malady. It may be confidered as the fame dif¬ 
eafe with Porphyra, afl’eCting however another druCture. 
The varieties are fimilar to thof'e of the fil’d fpecies; viz. 
a. Nnrium : difcharged from the nodrils without local 
heat or head-ache. 
Haemoptyfis: thrown up from the refpiratory or¬ 
gan, ufually with coughing; often accompanied with 
fcirrhous or calculous aft'e&ion : countenance pale and 
emaciated. 
y. Hsematemefis: evacuated from the alimentary canal 
at either extremity with expulfive effort, naufea, and 
faintnefs; but without tenfive pain. 
S. Hsematuria : evacuated at the urethra; ufually with 
faintnefs, but without previous pain. 
e. Uterina : difcharge from the inendrual organ, with 
a fenfe of local weaknefs. 
£. ProCtica : difcharged from the anus fpontaneoudy, 
with little or no pain ; ufually with varices or congef- 
tions of the hsemorrhoidal veins; occafionally producing 
a habit. See ProCtica marifca, p. 168, 9. 
A remarkable hidory is contained in the 33d volume 
of the London Medical Journal, of a whole family who 
died at different periods from hemorrhage fupervening to 
trifling wounds or fcratches. But, as the relator made no 
further remarks as to the conditution or fymptoms of 
the patients, we know not whether thefe were cafes of 
aCtive or paflive hemorrhage. We fhould be inclined to 
fuppofe the latter. 
3. Hasmorragia vicaria, vicarious hemorrhage : cate¬ 
nated with a morbid or fuppreffed action of fome other 
organ ; the outlet being ufually the nodrils, trachea, 
vagina, or reClum ; at times the urethra. This fpecies 
has the fame fymptoms and treatment as idiopathic he¬ 
morrhage. It may be aCtive or paflive. 
Genus III. Marafrnus, [from p.oi^a. tvw, to grow lean.] 
Emaciation of the entire body. It has three fpecies. 
Emaciation is a fymptom of many complaints, and one 
which often ferves us to diltinguifli idiopathic from 
nervous or irritative difeafes : it being ufually found, 
that, while in the latter this is often abfent, in mod 
chronic inflammations or degeneration of internal flruc- 
tures, early emaciation is met with. A marafrnus from 
mere exhaudion, a very unimportant difeafe, difl'ers 
from that which depends on vifceral diforder in the 
greater tightnefs of the fkin which the latter exhibits, 
while in the former its texture is loofe and natural. 
1. Marafrnus atrophia, atrophy: complexion pale, 
often fqualid ; fkin dry and wrinkled ; mufcles fhrunk 
and ineladic : little or no fever. Three fpecies. 
a. A. inanitorum : the crafis of the blood vitiated by 
exceflive evacuations; as faliva, fweat, milk, intedinal 
fecretion, or blood itfelf. 
( 3 . A. famelicorum : the crafis of the blood vitiated 
by the ufe of food deficient in quantity, and innutritious 
in quality. 
y. A. debilium : the crafis of the blood vitiated by 
infirm aCtion of the digedive faculty ; as in puny infants, 
and feeble age. 
The fird and fecond varieties are cured by the gradual 
exhibition of natural food ; the third by the treatment 
for Dyfep/ia, which fee. 
2. Marafrnus tabes, decline: general languor; heCtic 
fever; for the mod part deprefled fpirits. Four varieties. 
a. T. purulenta: the blood vitiated by abforption of 
pus from an external or internal ulcer, or a vomica. 
That heCtic fever is a common attendant on the forma¬ 
2 
tion of pus is unquedionable; but whether this arifes 
from abforption is doubtful. Indeed it has rather Teemed 
to us to be the particular irritation going on in the fup- 
purating part which didurbs, through the medium of the 
nervous fydem, the general health. If this were an ad¬ 
mitted explanation, it would alfo lead us to fuppofe that 
the beneficial effedl of bark was owing to the oppofite 
impreflion it induced on the fydem. 
( 3 . T. drumofa, (T. fcrophulofa, Cull.') Blood vitiated 
by afcrofulous taint; and, for the mod part, connected 
with a fcrofulous aft’eCtion of fome organ or other. See 
Struma mefenterica. 
y. T. dorfalis : vitiated by excefs in libidinous indul¬ 
gences. Accompanied with pain in the back and loins; 
fallow, dejeCted vifage ; heavinefs of the head ; fyrigmus; 
fleepleflnefs ; horror of mind ; extreme genital debility. 
We believe this dreadful malady is not to be alleviated 
by any but moral treatment. 
S. T. venenata: the blood vitiated by an introduction 
of fome poifonous or other deleterious material into the 
fydem; often from the injudicious ufe of quickfilver; 
perhaps, at times, from fmall portions of arfenic. 
2. Marafrnus phthifis, confumption. To attain a know¬ 
ledge of the caufesand cureof confumption, may judlybe 
confidered the highed point of ambition to the Englifh pa- 
thologid. For, whether we confider the extraordinary in- 
roadsitmakes on thepopulation of this country ingeneral, 
the youth, the beauty, and often the mental endowments, 
of its victims; or, ladly, the opprobium its fatality cads 
upon our profeflion ; it cannot fail to be an objeCt of the in- 
tenfed fludy and contemplation. Much has been written 
on confumption by Englifh writers ; the whole materia 
medica has been ranfacked for fpecifics againd it; yet 
very little has been done. It feems to us, that the pa¬ 
thology of this difeafe has not been dudied with the accu¬ 
racy that has been lately applied to almod all others. 
This want of a theoretical view of phthifis does not in¬ 
deed arife from the deficiency of high ratiocinative 
powers in the writers of our time. It is that we want 
aCtual data on which to found our reafoning. We want 
a few edabliflied faCts for our premifes. Mod men can 
reafon accurately on allowed premifes ; but in phthifis 
the premifes are fo far from being allowed or fettled, that 
there is much reafon to believe that grofs errors are to be 
found in thofe mod commonly received. To trace the 
operation of air on the lungs, as far as its temperature, 
its weight, its humidity, its foreign mixtures, and its 
electrical properties, are concerned, is a talk which can 
only be accomplidied by the united labours of many. 
And, though numerous defultory obfervations have 
been made on thefe points, yet, not being made with the 
fpecific objeCl of tracing the caufe of confumption, but 
being generally confined to one only of thefe particulars, 
our information is very confined. Advancing another 
link in the chain of the caufes of phthifis, the abfence 
of fymptoms, and the unfrequency of deaths at an early 
Itage of this difeafe, have prevented the medical obferver 
from accurately tracing the formation of the confumptive 
diforganization to its fird fource, and through its fepa- 
rate dages. 
But, if thefe invefligations, condu&ed with fomewhat 
of a philofophic fpirit, have failed, what have we to ex- 
peCt from the mere experimenter, who, throwing afide 
the laborious toil of comparing the climate and fituation 
of diflant countries with the mortality of phthifis, or the 
dill more difagreeable office of numerous and minute 
difleCtions, has been employed merely in praCtifing on 
human life by potent drugs, in the vain hope of difco- 
vering a fpecific ? We will venture to predict that it is 
not from this tribe of pathologids that confumption will 
meet with a cure. Yet how many boaded fpecifics have 
been fafhionable for a time, to fall into merited oblivion ! 
In this fpecies Dr. Good reckons three varieties. 
a. Pht. catarrhalis, catarrhal confumption : cough fre¬ 
quent and violent; copious excretion of a thin, odenfive, 
purulent. 
