PATHOLOGY. 
is yet known that has been a'lile to arreft the progrefs of 
this terrible difeafe, Majendie has made numerous ex¬ 
periments, even by injecting the inoft famous drugs into 
the veins, (a much furer means than giving them by the 
mouth :) and the refillt of thefe experiments (hows con¬ 
vincingly, that no known fubftance has the lead control 
over the difeafe ; and that the difcovery of a fpecific is 
fcarcely even to be expefted. But the fame diftinguifhed 
pathologift has made one experiment, which feems to 
fhovv that there may yet be di/covered a more diredl me¬ 
thod of relieving hydrophobia than any yet adopted. 
The experiment confided in emptying a dog of a large 
portion of his blood, and throwing in warm water in- 
itead of it. The dog was effectually rendered quiet by 
it; but, in confequeiree of the proportion of water be¬ 
ing over great, effufion took place in the lungs, and 
the animal died. 
It may be a Iked, Are we then to give up to certain de- 
ffrufrion every patient who is feized with fymptoms of 
hydrophobia ? We reply, No; but the hope of cure is fo 
fmall, that no one bitten by a mad dog fliould be allowed 
to refufe the excifion of the bitten part: the mod urgent 
remondrances, nay, when it can be done, force Ihould be 
employed, to prevent this fatal procraftination. When 
the difeafe is once formed, the exhibition of mercury till 
falivation is induced, with the belladonna in dofes fo 
large and fo often repeated as to produce the mod alarm¬ 
ing effects on the fydem, feems to afford the bed chance 
of fuccefs. Four patients thus treated by Dr. Brera 
recovered. Bleeding, the warm and cold bath, mercury, 
blidering, belladonna, opium, the fcutellaria, the Alifina 
plantago, chlorine, cantharides, arfenic, with a hod of 
drugs fo inert that they could under no circumdances 
have influenced the human frame in the (lighted degree, 
have been lauded, from the recovery of individual cafes, 
as cures for Lyffa. The lad remedy which has reached 
us is the oxygenated muriatic acid, which Dr. Previfali 
of Pavia has prefcribed with fuccefs, (as he fays,) where 
the fymptoms were advanced, in a liquid form, from a 
drachm to a drachm and a half daily, in citron water, or 
fyrup of citron. Thefe trials were made fo recently as 
the month of January, 1822. 
Genus V. Cephalaa, [from xitpato, the head.] Head¬ 
ache. Generic characters—Aching pain in the head ; 
intolerance of light and found 5 difficulty of bending the 
mind to mental operations. There, are five fpecies, be- 
fides varieties. 
1. Cephalaea gravans, ftupid head-ache: pain obtufe; 
with a fenfe of heavinefs extending over the whole head ; 
fometimes intermittent. 
2. Cephalaea intenfa, chronic head-ache: pain vehe¬ 
ment, with a fenfe of tenfion over the whole head; peri¬ 
odic 3 often chronic, 
3. Cephalaea hemicrania, megrim : pain vehement 3 
confined to the forehead, or one fide of the head 5 often 
periodic. 
4. Cephalaea pulfatilis : pain pulfatory, chiefly at the 
temples 3 often with fleepleffnefs and a fenfe of drumming 
in the ears. 
5. Cephalaea fpafmodica, fick head-ache : pain partial, 
fpafmodic 5 often Drifting from one portion of the head 
to another; chiefly commencing in the mornings with 
ficknefs and faintnefs. 
All thefe fpecies are mere fymptoms of other difeafes: 
chiefly plethora and indigeftion. 
Genus VI. Dinus , [i. e. whirling round.] Dizzinefs. 
Generic characters—Apparent giration of objects, with 
hebetude of the fenforial powers. Three fpecies. 
1. Dinus vertigo, fwimming of the head : dizzinefs 5 
fenfe of undulation in the ground 5 unfitnefs for mental 
exertion. 
2. Dinus illuforius: dizzinefs, with dimnefs of fight, 
Vol. XIX. No. 1305. 
315 
and imaginary objefts before the external fenfes. Two 
varieties. 
a. Phantafmatum : ocular fpeflres in the femblance of 
net-work, dark fpots, dazzling or rainbow hues before 
the eyes 5 murmuring or whizzing in the ears. 
(3. Mutationis: real objedts changed in their natural 
qualities, by error of form, of motion, or of number. 
3. Dinus fcotoma, nervous head-ache : dizzinefs with 
blindnefs and tendency to fwoon 5 often fucceeded by 
head-ache. 
Thefe fpecies are mere fymptoms of plethora or dyl- 
pepfia. 
Genus VII. Syncope, [from arvvM’rila, to cut down.] 
Fainting. Generic characters—Motion of the heart and 
lungs feeble or imperceptible 3 diminiffied fenfibility, in¬ 
ability of utterance. Five fpecies. 
1. Syncope cardiaca : returning at irregular periods: 
occafional palpitation of the heart during the intervals. 
Divided into, 
a. Plethorica: from fare ha rge of the cardiac or.neigh¬ 
bouring blood-veflels. 
J 3 . Vitiofa: from polypous concretions, or other mor¬ 
bid affedtion of the cardiac or neighbouring blood-vel- 
fels. See Carditis. 
2. Syncope inanitionis : accompanied with a fenfe of 
inanition, and extreme general debility. Two varie¬ 
ties. 
«. A fame ; from hunger or long fading. 
(3. A fluxu ; from bidden and immoderate flux, whether 
of blood, pus, or any other fluid. 
3. Syncope doloris : preceded by pain or irritation of 
body. 
a. Interna; from internal pain or irritation ; produced 
by poifons, worms, or other fimilar caufes. 
(3. Externa; from external pain or irritation ; produced 
by wounds, or other accidents or injuries. 
4. Syncope pathematica ; preceded by the exercife of 
feme fudden and overwhelming paflion. 
5. Syncope metaftatica : accompanied with retroceffion. 
or repulfion of gout, exanthems, or other difeafes. 
Fainting, or (wooning, is a fymptom in fo many difor- 
ders that it cannot be neceffary to treat it as a Separate 
difeafe. 
Genus VIII. Syfpcijia , [from avurraa, to draw or con¬ 
tra 61.] Convulfions. Generic characters—Clonic fpafm ; 
diminiflied fenfibility; inability of utterance. Three 
fpecies, and many varieties. 
1. Syfpafia convulfio, convulfion-fit: mufcular agita¬ 
tion violent; teeth gnafliing 3 hands forcibly clenched 5 
tranfient. 
In affigning convulfions a place in nofology, we are 
evidently and confeffedly defcribipga fymptom of a great 
many other difeafes, and a mere fymptom in all ; fince 
the mufcular agitation which conftitutes convulfion 
forms no part of the difeafe, and indeed feems to be one 
of thofe falutary proceffes, which, though depending on 
diforder, tend neverthelefs to remove it. The difeafes in 
which this fymptom is mod found are teething, worms, 
and other inteftinal irritations 5 afteflions of the kidneys, 
arturition, and labour3 various fevers, wounds of the 
ead and other organs. Dr. Good makes five varieties. 
a. C. erratica; fhifting irregularly from one part to 
another. 
6. C. univerfalis ; attacking every part fimultaneoufly 5 
occafionally protrafted or habitual. 
7. C. intermittens 5 returning after intervals, regular 
or irregular. 
C. ejulans; accompanied with ftirieks or yellings, 
but without pain. 
s. C. infantium 3 occurring in infancy 3 fenfibility near¬ 
ly fufpended ; features of the face for the molt part hide- 
oufly diftorted. 
1 4M 
In. 
