337 
PATHOLOGY. 
corpulence, but with little fuccefs. The mod: exceflive 
and fatiguing exercife has been taken, the moft rigid ab¬ 
stinence adopted, without any benefit. Thefe meafures 
fhould form, however, part of the treatment of molt 
cafes; but we believe that a gradual diminution in the 
periods of deep, and the regular ufe of dry feeding, the 
quantity of fluid being brought down to the fmallelt pof- 
fible degree, will do more for the cure of corpulence than 
any other meafure. Of courfe, if the fat opprefl'es the 
a£tion of the heart, or if plethora be manifeft in combina¬ 
tion with Polyfarcia, bleeding may be tiled ; but other- 
wife the relief it gives feems only temporary. 
Genus II. Empkyma, [from eytyvu, to engender, to 
produce.] Tumour. Generic characters—Glomeration 
in the fubltance of organs from the production of new 
and adicititious matter; fenfation dull; growth fluggifh. 
The reader has already been referred to the article Tu¬ 
mour in this work for an account of Phyma. To the 
lame article we fltall be obliged to defer the conlideration 
of the genus Emphyma, which indeed belongs more par¬ 
ticularly to Surgery than to Pathology in the prefent ac¬ 
ceptation of thofe terms. 
A complete description of thefe productions has been 
long before the public ; viz. Mr. Abernethy’s work on 
Tumours, in which all that is known of their treatment 
is comprifed ; and indeed Dr. Good’s arrangement of the 
genus is entirely formed upon that excellent work. The 
Species are three, with many varieties. 
i. Emphyma Sarcoma, Sarcomatous tumour, (Aberne- 
nethy.) Tumour immoveable ; flefhy and firm to the 
touch. Of this there are eight varieties. 
a. S. vafculorum, common vafcular or organized Sar¬ 
coma, (Abernethy.) Vafcular throughout: texture 
Ample: when bulky, mapped on the Surface with arbo- 
refeent veins. Found over the body and limbs gene¬ 
rally. Often found of an enormous Size in the Scrotum, 
conftituting the farcocele, or hernia carnofa, of authors. 
| 3 . S. adipofum, adipofe Sarcoma: Suety throughout: 
inclofed in a thin capfule of condenfed cellular l'ubftance; 
connected by minute veffels. Found chiefly in the fore 
and back part of the trunk. Abernethy. 
y. S. pancreaticum, pancreatic farcoma: tumour in 
irregular mall'es ; connected by a loofe fibrous fubltance, 
like the irregular mafies of the pancreas. Found in the 
cellular fubltance; but more ufually in lymphatic glands ; 
chiefly in the female brealt. 
S. S. cellulofum, cyftic farcoma : tumour cellulofe or 
cyltofe; cells oval, currant-fized, or grape-fized, contain¬ 
ing a ferous fluid ; Sometimes cafeous. Found generally, 
but moftly in the thyroid gland, teftis, and ovarium. 
When in the thyroid gland, it is called bronchocele, bo- 
tium, or Derbyfhire-neck. The cells are here numerous, 
the fluid often vifeid. Sometimes gelatinous. See Cyrto- 
fis Cretinifmus, p. 288. 
i. S. feirrhofum, feirrhous farcoma: hard, rigid, vaf¬ 
cular, infarCtion of glandular follicles ; indolent, infen- 
tient, glabrous ; Sometimes Ihrinking and becoming more 
indurated. When irritated, tending to a cancerous ul¬ 
cer; and found only in glandular ItruCtures. 
£. S. mammarium, mammary or maftoid Sarcoma : tu¬ 
mour of the colour and texture of the mammary gland ; 
denfe, and whitifh; Sometimes Softer, and brownifh; often 
producing, on extirpation, a malignant ulcer with indu¬ 
rated edges. Found in various parts of the body and 
limbs. 
7 i. S. tuberculofum, tuberculate farcoma: tumour tu- 
berculofe; tubercles firm, round, and cluftering; pea- 
fized or bean-fized ; yellowifli, or brownifli-red; when 
large, difpofed to ulcerate, and produce a painful, malig¬ 
nant, and often fatal, fore. Found chiefly in the lym¬ 
phatic glands of the neck; often, fimultaneoufly, in 
other glands and organs. Abernethy, p. 47. 
0 . S. medullare, medullary farcoma : tumour of a pul¬ 
py confiftence, and brain-like appearance ; whitifh. Some¬ 
times reddilh-brown; when large, apt to ulcerate; and 
produce a Sloughing, bleeding, and highly dangerous. 
Sore. Found in different parts, chiefly in the teftes ; at 
times propagating itfelf along the abforbent vefl'els to ad¬ 
joining organs. 
2. Emphyma enciftis, eneyfted tumour, or wen:'tumour 
moveable : pulpy, often elaftic to the touch. (Lupia, 
Sauv. Cull.) Five varieties. 
a. E. fteatoma : an eneyfted extuberance containing a 
fatty or fuety fubftance, apparently fecreted from the in¬ 
ternal Surface of the cyft. Found over moft parts of the 
body ; and weighing from a drachm or two, to twenty or 
thirty pounds. 
( 3 . E. atheroma : eneyfted extuberance containing a 
mealy or curd-like fubftance, fometimes intermixed with 
harder corpufcles ; apparently fecreted as the laft. Found, 
of different fizes, over moft parts of the body. (Moiluf- 
cum, Wit lan.) 
y. E. meliceris: eneyfted extuberance, containing a 
honey-like fluid. Found, of different fizes, over moft 
parts of the body. 
$. E. ganglion : eneyfted extuberance containing a 
colourlefs fluid ; the extuberation fixed upon a tendon. 
e. E. teftudo : eneyfted extuberance containing a fluid 
readily hardening into horn or nail; and especially when 
protruded externally upon an ulceration of the Surround¬ 
ing integuments. See Abernethy, p. 90. 
3. Emphyma exoftofis : tumour inelaftic ; often im¬ 
moveable; hard and bony to the touch. Four varieties. 
a. E. oftea ; immoveable 5 protuberant; feated on the 
fubftance of a bone. Sometimes excrefcent, and compofed 
of bony fpicula refembling cryftallizations. Sometimes 
exquifitely hard and glabrous, refembling ivory. Both 
found chiefly in the bones of the cranium. 
@. E. perioftea, node : immoveable 5 protuberant; from 
bony enlargement of the periofteum. 
y. E. pendula : bony tumour hanging pendulous into 
a joint. 
E. exotica: bony tumour moveable or immoveable, 
feated in Some flefliy part of the body. See Abernethy on 
Tumour, p. 102. and On DiSeaSes refembling Syphilis, 
p. 85. 
Genus III. Paroftia , [from irxfct, bad, and ocritov, bone.] 
Bones untempered in their fubftance; and incapable of 
affording their proper Support. Two Species. 
1. Paroftia fragilis: fubftance of the bones brittle and 
apt to break on flight exertions, with little or no pain. 
Moft frequently an attendant on advanced age. Found 
alfo, at times, as a Symptom in lues, ltruma, and porphyra. 
2. Paroftia flexilis, (Mollites oftium, Aucl. Var.) fub¬ 
ftance of the bones Soft; and apt to bend, and become 
crooked, on flight exertions, with little or no pain. Found 
alfo as a Symptom in porphyra and other cacheftic mala¬ 
dies. See various cafes in the Phil. Tranf. by Bevan, 
Pott, Hofty, Pringle; as alfo Gooch, Surg. p. 178. and 
Bromfield’s Chirurgical Obfervations.— Found at times in 
new-born infants, more or lefs general.—Univerfal, with 
perverfion of moft of the bones. Morand, Hiftoire de la 
Maladie finguliere et de l’examen du cadavre d’une femme 
(Sapiot) devenue tout-a-fait contrefaite par uneramol- 
liflement general des os, Paris, 1752. We have an en¬ 
graving lying before us, at the prefent time, representing 
this extraordinary Specimen of difeafe. The foftnefs of 
the bones is represented So extreme as to allow the feet to 
be placed on each fide of the head, the femoral bones 
forming a perfect curve. 
Genus IV. Ojlhexia, [from ooIeo;, bony, and e£oj, ha¬ 
bit.] Soft parts more or lefs indurated by a Superfluous 
Secretion and depofit of oflific matter. Two fpecies. 
1. Ofthexia infarciens: oflific matter depofited in no¬ 
dules, or amorphous mafles, in different parts or organs. 
In the lungs; Buillie, Morb. Anat. Fafc. II. PI. 6.—In 
the fubftance of the heart, weighing 2 oz. Burnet , Med. 
Praft. 
