364 
PATHOLOGY. 
off. Moreover, when fufficiently foftened by warm¬ 
bathing, corns may be removed by gently picking them 
round their circumference with a needle till they can be 
pulled out without giving pain. Sometimes a little dia¬ 
chylon plafter laid on a corn keeps it foft, and promotes 
its diffolution. Cutting, as commonly pra6lifed, does 
harm. Thefe growths are fometimes connedled with the 
periofteum, and hence arife thofe deep-feated pains in 
the bones which often attend them. 
4. Ecphyma callus: callous extuberant thickening 
of the cuticle ; infenfible to the touch. Found chiefly 
on the palms of the hands and foies of the feet as the 
confequence of hard labour. 
Genus IX. Trichofis, [from the hair.] Morbid 
organization or deficiency of hair. Eight fpecies. 
1. Trichofis fetofa: hairs of the body thick, rigid, 
and briftly.—Thrown off and renewed every autumn : 
fix lines long, two or three thick, ereft : five Tons affedled 
as the father; Phil. Tranf. vol. v. No. 424. See alfo 
Journ. de Med. Mar. 1756. Paullini, Cent. I. Obf. 31. 
2. Trichofis plica, matted or plaited-hair: hairs vaf- 
cularly thickened ; inextricably harled, and matted, by 
the fecretion of a glutinous fluid from their roots; con¬ 
tagious. Ufually, but not always, appearing in, or con¬ 
fined to, the hairs of the fcalp.—In the beard, Epli. Nat. 
Cur. Dec. II. ann. viii. 94.—Hairs of the cuticle, Id. Obf. 
71.—Of the pudendum, Id. Dec. I. ann. iii. 220. Paullini, 
Cent. I. Obf. 77. 
Sometimes preceded by hemicrania, or other conftitu- 
tional affection ; and occafionally a fequel of pforiafis. 
In Poland it appears to be endemic; but it is not pecu¬ 
liar to that country. Notwithftanding the popular error 
fcy which this pradlice is oppofed, the bell way of getting 
rid of this dirty difeafe, is to fliave off the hair, and walk 
the head regularly and repeatedly. The fame means may 
be ufed for the cure of the local ulceration which fcratch- 
ing is apt to induce in this difeafe, as thofe recommended 
for Porrigo. 
3. Trichofis hirfuties : growth of hairs in extraneous 
parts, or fuperfluous growth in parts common. The 
moll frequent variety is that of bearded women. 
4. Trichofis diftrix : hairs of the fcalp weak, flender, 
and fplitting at their extremities. 
5. Trichofis poliolis : hairs prematurely grey, or hoary. 
6. Trichofis athrix, baldnefs : decay and fall of the 
hair. Three varieties. 
a. A. fimplex : hairs of the fcalp of a natural hue ; but 
gradually dying at the bulbs, or loolened by relaxation of 
the integument. 
| 3 . A. calvities; hair gray or hoary; baldnefs chiefly 
on the crown of the head and confined to it. Mollly 
common to advanced age. 
7. A. barbae ; decay and fall of the beard. 
7. Trichofis area ; (Porrigo decalvans, Bateman.) 
Patches of baldnefs without decay or change of colour 
in the furrounding hair; expofed plots of the fcalp gla¬ 
brous, white, and Ihining; lometimes fpreading and coa- 
lefcing, rendering the baldnefs extenfive. The hair will 
often be reproduced under the regular and continued ufe 
of ftimulating embrocations. Dr. Good gives two va¬ 
rieties, taken from Celfus. 
a. Diffluens; bald plots of an indeterminate figure; 
exifting in the beard as well as in the fcalp: obllinate of 
cure. Common to all ages. 
/ 3 . Serpens ; baldnefs commencing at the occiput, and 
winding in a line, not exceeding two fingers breadth, to 
each ear, fometimes to the forehead : often terminating 
fpontaneoufly. Chiefly limited to children. 
8. Trichofis decolor: hair of the head of a preternatural 
hue. 
a. Caerulea ; of a blue colour. Ephem. Nat. Cur. Dec. 
II. an. iv. App. p. 203. An. vi. obfi 226. 
( 3 . Denigrata; changed from another hue to a black. 
Paullini, Cent. III. Obf. 59: the fequel of a fever. Bo- 
relli, Cent. III. Obf. 2 ; from exficcation.— Schenk. Ob- 
ferv. Med. i. 4; from terror.— Schurig. Spermatol: from 
white to black; the colour of the beard changed alfo. 
7. Viridis. Of a green colour. Paullini, Cent. I. Obf. 
93. Bartholin. Hill. Anat. 
8 . Variegata. Spotted, like the hair of the leopard. 
Paullini, Cent. IV. obf. 67. Ephem. Nat. Cur. Dec. III. 
ann. iii. Obf. 184. 
The hair occafionally grows, and has fometimes changed 
its hue, after death. Eph. Nat. Cur. paflim. 
Genus X. Epiehrofis, [i. e. a fpotted or coloured fur- 
face.] Simple difcoloration of the furface. (Spilofis, 
Young.) Six fpecies. 
1. Epiehrofis leucafmus, (Vitiligo, Bateman.) White, 
glabrous, Ihining, permanent fpots, preceded by white 
tranfitory elevations or tubercles of the fame fize ; often 
coalefcing, and creeping in a ferpentine direftion; the 
fuperincumbent hairs falling off, and never re-fprouting. 
Common to the furface; but chiefly found about the 
face, neck, and ears. 
There is no confiderable conflitutional diforder com¬ 
bined with this affedlion ; but it has proved exceedingly 
unmanageable under the ufe of both internal and ex¬ 
ternal medicines. The mineral acids internally, and the 
application of diluted cauftic and fpirituous fubftances 
externally, have been chiefly employed, but with little 
obvious eft'efl. 
2. Epiehrofis fpilus, mole : brown permanent circular 
patch ; folitary ; fometimes flightly elevated, and crefted 
with a tuft of hair. 
3. Epiehrofis lenticula, freckles : cuticle ftigmatized 
with yellowifh-brown dots, refembling minute lentil- 
feeds ; gregarious ; often tranfitory. Found chiefly on 
the face, neck, and hands, of perfons poffefling delicate 
conftitutions, and red hair. When of a larger fize, the 
Greeks called them phacise (tpctx. i«i). CcIf.Vl. 5. 
4. Epiehrofis ephelis, fun-burn : cuticle tawmy by ex¬ 
po lure to the fun ; often fpotted with dark freckles, con¬ 
fluent or corymbofe ; difappearing in the winter. 
5. Epiehrofis aurigo : cuticle faffron-coloured, without 
apparent affection of the liver or its appendages; colour 
diffufed over the entire furface; tranfient: chiefly in 
new-born infants. 
6. Epiehrofis pcecilia : cuticle marbled generally, with 
alternate plots or patches of black and white. Blumen- 
bach gives examples from a Tartar tribe, whofe fkin was 
naturally fpotted like the leopard’s, lie Generis Ilumuni 
varietale nativa. 
Chiefly found among Negroes, from an irregular fecre¬ 
tion or diftribution of the pigment which gives the black 
hue to their rete mucofum. In Albinos, whether among 
blacks or whites, the fecretion appears to be entirely 
fupprefl'ed from conflitutional debility or other defe6l. 
The fubjeils of this difeafe are commonly called fpotted 
or pye-balled negroes. 
The different hues of black, copper-coloured, olive, 
and red, by which different nations are diftinguifhed in 
different parts of the world, cannot be regarded as dif- 
eafes. They are as natural to them as a fair complexion 
to an European, and only conllitute diftimfl features in 
the different varieties of the human race. They are, 
however, regarded as difeafes by Plenck, who has entered 
them in his clafs Macula, under the generic terms of 
rubedo cutis, nigredo cutis, and albor cutis ; by the laff 
intending, not the inhabitants of Europe or Afia Minor, 
but Albinos, or thofe included under the genus Alpho- 
iis of the prefent fyftem. 
Some of thefe natural, and many morbid, difcolour- 
ations have often been found relieved by cofmetics; as 
that of Homberg, which is a dilute folution of oxymuriate 
of mercury, with a mixture of ox-gall. Hartmann’s 
cofmetic was a Ample diftillation of arum-root in water. 
If the hands be deeply difcoloured, they may be whitened 
by being expofed to the fumes of fulphur. In the Ame¬ 
rican 
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