PATH 
rican ftates, a black has occasionally been known to have 
the whole of the colouring pigment abforbed and carried off 
during a fever, and to rife from his bed transformed into 
a white man. See the fame fubjeft treated by M. Bofe, 
Pr. de Mutato per Morbum colore corporis humani, Lipf. 
1785. Buchner relates the cafe of a man who, on the 
contrary, on recovery from a fevere fever had his face 
tinged with a black hue; probably from a morbid fee re - 
tion and depofit of a black pigment along with the rete 
mucofum of the face. Plenck afferts that he once faw a 
man with a green face, the right fide of the body black, 
and the left yellow, produced by previous difeafe. 
Class VII. TYCHICA, [i. e. accidental; from t vx?)> 
a fortuitous event, a cafe that rarely happens.] 
Fortuitous Lesions or Deformities. 
The whole of this Clafs is contained under the articles 
Monster and Surgery; fortuitous lefions under the 
latter, and deformities under the former. We have only 
therefore, in this place, in order to render our Claflifica- 
tion complete, to give Dr. Good’s enumeration of the 
orders, genera, and fpecies. 
Order I. Apalotica, [from aw-atorn?, foftnefs.] Dif- 
orders affefting the Soft Parts. The organization of the 
foft parts injured or interrupted by violence or by over¬ 
exertion. This order contains five genera. 
Genus I. Trefis, [i.e. a wound, or perforation.] Forci¬ 
ble folution of continuity in a foft part, commencing ex¬ 
ternally. There are four fpecies. 
1. Trefis vulnus, a wound. Of this there are four va¬ 
rieties ; as the wound may be either a fimple cut, or la¬ 
cerated, or deep, orcontufed, as a gunlhot or fplintery 
wound. 
2. Trefis punftura, a punfture. Three varieties. 
a. P. fimplex ; fimple difunion by a lharp piercing in¬ 
ftrument. 
£. P. incufpidata ; the point of the inftrument broken 
off, and remaining in the courfe of the punfture. 
y. P. venenata; the pointed inftrument loaded with an 
acrid or poifonous material; as the arrows of barbarians 
with the lama or ticunas ; the fang of the tarantula and 
feveral other fpiders; the fting of the wafp, hornet, or 
fcorpion. 
3. Trefis excoriatio : the fubftance of a foft part abraded 
at its furface. Two varieties. 
a.. E. fimplex; confined to the ikin; chiefly produced 
by friftion. 
f 3 . E. complicata; deeper than the integument, with 
contufion, or lofs of fubjacent fubftance. 
4. Trefis caufis, a burn. 
Genus II. Thlafma, [from 0 A&iy, to bruife.] Forcible 
derangement in the ftrufture of a foft part, without dif¬ 
union of the external integument. Three fpecies. 
t. Thlafma concuflio, concuflion, without extravafa- 
tion of blood. 
2. Thlafma contufio; external compreflion; with ex- 
travafation of blood, and difcolouration of furface. 
3. Thlafma ftremma, a ftrain, or wrench. 
Genus III. Rhegma, [from peyw^i, to break.] Lacera¬ 
tion. Four fpecies. 
1. Rhegma ligamentare; laceration of a ligament. 
2. Rhegma mufculare; of a mufcle or its tendon. 
3. Rhegma vafculare ; of a blood-vefiel. 
4. Rhegma vifeerale; of a vifeus. 
Genus IV, Hernia , [from Igvo?, a branch.] Rupture. 
Seven fpecies. 
1, Hernia inguinalis, rupture from the groin. Four 
varieties, a. Inteftinalis ; Omentalis ; y. Duplicata ; 
and Congenita. 
2. Hernia femoralis, femoral or crural rupture. This 
O L O G Y. 365 
admits of an inteftinal, omental, or duplicate, -variety, as 
in the preceding fpecies. 
3. Hernia umbilicalis, umbilical rupture. Admits of 
three varieties, as the protrufion may be of the ftomach, 
liver, or fpleen. 
4. Hernia ventralis, ventral rupture. Varied as in the 
preceding fpecies, and the varieties diftinguiftied by the 
fame names. 
5. Hernia ifchiatica, hernia of the foramen ovale. 
6. Hernia veficalis, rupture of the urinary bladder. Two 
varieties. 
a. Simplex; the naked bladder alone protruding. 
/?. Complicata; accompanied with a portion of intef- 
tine or omentum. 
7. Hernia diaphragmatica, protrufion of a portion of 
inteftine into the cheft through an aperture in the dia¬ 
phragm. 
Genus V. Enthejis, [from eh 9 >;/*», to put in.] Irritation 
or obftruftion of a natural paflage by the introduftion of 
an improper material. Five fpecies. 
1. Enthefis cefophagea: improper material obtruded 
into the cefophagus. 
The more common fubftances are hairs, fmall feathers, 
filh-bones, fruit-ftones, and various pieces of money. 
Thefe have often remained fixed for a very longtime; 
and have occafionally been found to migrate to very 
remote parts. A needle has continued in the cefophagus 
for nine years before it was loofened and difeharged ; 
Kehring, Specif Anat. obf. 4a. A fifti-bone, after long 
obftruftion, worked its way through the fubftance of the 
cefophagus, and was at length thrown out at the cutis ; 
Areulari, Rradica, cap. 57. The point of a fword, for 
thirty years buried in the eye, was at laft ejefted by the 
palate; Hoeehjletter, Dec. VI. caf. 9. The cefophagus 
lias fometimes been large enough to allow a half-crown 
to pafs without injury, which has been evacuated by the 
reftum. A half-crown piece of this kind is in Dr. Hun¬ 
ter’s mufeum. See alfo Baillie’s Morb. Anat. for feveral 
othercurious examples. 
2. Enthefis ventricularis; improper material fwallowed 
into the ftomach. Two varieties. 
a. Mechanica; hard and indigeftible fubftances; as 
a knife, a nail, pieces of money, a multitude of fruit- 
ftones. 
13 . Venenata; poifonous fubftances, vegetable, mineral, 
or chemical. See Poison. 
3. Enthefis inteftinalis; improper material lodged in 
the inteftinal canal. Occafionally difeharged by an ab- 
feefs at a diftance ; fometimes, when pointed and flender, 
as pins or needles, migrating to a remote organ. See 
Phil. Tranf. 1768-9. Lond. Med. Journ. iv. 77. vi, 36, 401. 
and xlviii. 389. 
4. Enthefis trachealis: improper material lapfed or in¬ 
haled into the trachea. Two varieties. 
a. Mechanica ; impeding the paflage. 
/ 3 . Mephitica; noxious to the refpiration. 
5. Enthefis urethralis: foreign fubftance broken in the 
urethra, or dropped from it into the bladder. Chiefly 
fragments of bougies, improperly manufaftured, or con¬ 
tinued to be employed by the patient after being worn out. 
Order II. Stereotica, [from creptoq , hard, firm.] 
Diforders aft’efting the Hard Parts. The continuity or 
connexion of the hard parts impaired or interrupted by 
violence or over-exertion. This order has four ge¬ 
nera. 
Genus I. Catagma, [i. e. a frafture.] Forcible divifion 
of a bone into two or more parts. (Clafis, Parr.) Two 
fpecies. 
1. Catagma fraftura, a broken bone. The varieties 
are four, as the frafture may be fimple, fplintery, com¬ 
pound, or complicated with other injury. 
2. Catagma fiflura: bone cracked; the divided edges 
ftill in contaft. Chiefly affefting the cranium, though 
the 
