3C6 PATHOLOGY. 
the long bones are occafionally fubjeft to it, and efpe- 
cially the ribs. Three varieties. 
«. F. fubjacens; filTure immediately below the exter¬ 
nal injury. 
£. F. contra-jacens, counter-fifture; fiffure and feve¬ 
red fymptoms on the oppofite fide of the fkull to the ex¬ 
ternal injury. 
y. F. complicata; combined with a counter-ftroke 
producing concuflion or extravafation. See a lingular 
cafe of Le Dran’s, in which the outer table of the head 
was fifiured ; the inner had a fmall bony fcale thrown off 
from it; and concuflion with extravafation took place on 
the oppofite fide of the fkull. ObJ". xvii. 
Genus II. Campfis, [from r.ctp.ir'ru, to bend.] A bone 
or cartilage forcibly bent from its proper lhape without 
breaking. 
Campfis depreffio, a fingle fpecies. The bone or carti¬ 
lage flattened or bent inwards. Found chiefly in young 
fubjefls; and principally on the cranium and enfiform 
cartilage of the cheft ; the bone often recovering its pro¬ 
per figure with the gradual growth of the frame. 
Genus III. Exarthrema, [from igctfQpvo, to put out of 
joint.} Diflocation ; extrufion of a bone from its feat of 
orticulation. Three fpecies. 
1. Exarthrema luxatio, a luxation: the bone, eafily 
and extenfibly moveable, forced completely from its arti¬ 
culating cavity. 
2. Exarthrema fubluxatio, fubluxation: the bone 
forced partially from its cavity, and refling on the edge 
of the focket. 
3. Exarthrema loxarthrus, twilled, or oblique joint: 
the bone, flightlyand narrowly moveable, forcibly loofen- 
ed in its articulation, and diftorted in its relative peti¬ 
tion. Chiefly occurring in the bones of the cheft, with 
fubfequent gibbofity, efpecially in young perfons ; and 
in the bones of the carpus and tarfus, producing crooked 
-wrifts and fplay-feet. 
Genus IV. Diaflafa, [from ciacP^ua, to feparate.] Sepa¬ 
ration of bones. Three fpecies. 
1. Diaftafis epiphyfica: feparation of a bone from its 
epiphyfis. Confined to the ftages of infancy and feeble 
adolefcente; for the epiphyfes of bones in a healthy con- 
ftitution become gradually apophyfes, or conftituent 
parts of the bones themfelves. Often miftaken by the 
unficilful for a luxation ; and aggravated by vain and 
painful attempts to effeft a reduction. 
2. Diaftafis cartilaginea : feparation of bones connected 
by an intervening cartilage. Exemplified moft common¬ 
ly in the feparation of the fymphylis pubis in cafes of 
preternatural labour; though other inftances are not un¬ 
frequent. 
3. Diaftafis futoria : feparation of connefling futures. 
A feparation of the futures of the fkull is ufually fatal. 
Mr. B. Bell mentions one inftance of an injury of this 
kind that terminated favourably. Surg. vol. vi. 
Order III. Morphica, [from p.o%(py, form.] Monftro- 
fities of Birth. Six genera. 
Genus I. Metrocelis, [from y-yxyp, mother, and xyXis, 
a fpot.] Mother’s marks. Congenital difcolourations on 
the furface. (Naevus, Sauv. See.) Five fpecies. 
1. Metrocelis fpilofa : Ample, fuperficial, circumfcribed 
ftain ; for the moft part yellow, brown, or red. Three 
varieties. 
a. Circulars; with a circular or orbicular outline. 
13 . Foliacea; leaf-lhaped. 
y. Arachnoides; with flender claw-lhaped or fpider- 
legged ramification's. 
'a. Metrocelis frufliformis ; dark-coloured, in the form 
of fruit. The fruits chiefly reprefented are the cherry, 
currant, and grape, with a fmooth furface ; and the - mul¬ 
berry, rafpberry, and ftrawberry, with a papulous furface. 
Two varieties. 
a. Pediculata; poflefling a footftalk. 
( 3 . Seflilis; fixed to the furface by a broad bafe. 
3. Metrocelis turgefeens : large, loofe, fanguine, irre- 
gular-lhaped tumour; fenfibly compofed of a congeries 
of bloated and diftorted veflels. (Naevus cavernofus, 
Plenck. 
4. Metrocelis diffufa: difcoloration fpreading indeter¬ 
minately over a limb, or a large part of the body. Ried- 
lin deferibes a cafe of univerfal difcoloration from a 
fright of the mother, making an approach to Epichrofis 
pcecilia. 
5. Metrocelis cana : hair of the fcalp hoary at birth. 
Genus II. Oloplionia , [from oAAvy.i, I lofe, and tpavy, 
voice.] Congenital mifeonftruflion of the vocal organs. 
Four fpecies. 
1. Olophonia narium 5 mifconftru&ion of the noftrils. 
Two varieties. 
«. Obftruens; impeding the utterance, from imperfo- 
ration or other caufe. 
| 3 . Defedliva; the organization incomplete. 
2. Olophonia linguae : mifconftru&ion of the tongue or 
its appendages. Three varieties. 
a. L. adhefiva; adhefion of the tongue to the furround¬ 
ing parts. 
£. L. fraenata ; tongue tied beneath by contra6lion of 
the frienum, or its extending too near the tip. 
y. L. deglutatoria, frasnum loofe or abfent, and the tip 
of the tongue doubling back upon the fauces. 
3. Olophonia palati: mifconllrudtion of the palate. 
4. Olophonia labii: mifconftru£tion of the lips. Three 
varieties. 
a. L. lobata, hare-lip ; lobed or divided in the middle; 
edges, feparated and convex. 
£. L. bilobata; lip bilobed, or doubly divided. 
y. L. prolapfa; one or both lips ftrikingly broad and 
projetSling, 
Genus III. Paraflheflu, [i. e. imperfect fenfe.] Conge¬ 
nital mifconftruclion of the external organs of fenfe. 
Here we have only three fpecies noted. 
x . Parsefthefis auditus: misformed organ of hearing. 
Three varieties. 
a. A. fiacca, flap-ear : lobe of the ear broad, loofe, and 
pendent. Said to be a common deformity among the na¬ 
tives of Siam. The fource of the furname of Flaccus in 
ancient Rome.—A beetle-headed flap-ear'd knave. Shuke- 
flpeare. 
£. A. obftruens, imperforate ear. 
y. A. defefliva, congenital deafnefs. 
2. Parrefthefis olfaftus: misformed organ of fmell. 
Two varieties, 
a. O. obftruens ; impeding the entrance of feents from 
imperforation or other caufe. 
£. O. defeftiva; the organization incomplete. 
3. Paraefthefis vifus: misformed organ of fight. Two 
varieties. 
a. V. unoculata ; poflefling only one eye. 
£. V. pupillaris; pupil incomplete in its power of vi- 
fion. 
Genus IV. Pernfplanchnia, [from Tnjpoj, defective, and 
crwhciyxyov, vifeus.] Congenital mifconftrudlion of the 
vifcera. Six fpecies. 
1. Perofplanchnia cranii : mifconftruclion of the head. 
Three varieties. 
a. C. capitofa, jolt-head: head enormoufly bulky ; con¬ 
tents folid. 
£. C. hydropica ; head enormoufly bulky, from drop- 
fical atfedftion ; hydfocephalus. 
y. C. cerebralis ; brain incomplete in quantity or orga¬ 
nization. Some have been born without a cranium, and 
a flefiiy 
