PAT 
tongue. All his letters have been publilhed together 
in five or fix volumes. Halleri Bibl. Med. 
PA'TIN (Charles), fecond Ton of the preceding, a phy- 
fician and eminent antiquary, was born at Paris in 1633. 
He made an extraordinary progrefs in learning, and at 
the age of fourteen fultained thefes in Greek and Latin 
before a large and fplendid audience. He was defigned 
for the bar, and became a licentiate in law at Poitiers, 
and afterwards an advocate in the parliament of Paris. 
He abandoned however this profefilon for that of pliyfic, 
in which he took the degree of do6tor in 1656. He had 
begun to practice with great reputation, when a circum- 
ltance occurred which obliged him to quit France for 
fear of imprifonment. The caufe of his difgrace is in¬ 
volved in fome obfcurity ; but it is faid, that having been 
fent into Holland by a great prince in order to buy up all 
the copies of a work of court-fcandal, and burn them on 
the fpot, he faved a number of them and difperfed them 
among his friends. His father, in his letters, lamenting 
his Ton’s misfortune, gives no hint of fuch a fa6t, but 
mentions the difcovery of fome obnoxious books in his 
library. Charles Patin, after palling fome time in tra¬ 
velling into Holland,England, Germany, and Swifferland, 
finally fettled with his family in Italy, and in 1676 was 
made profefl'or extraordinary of medicine at Padua: he 
had the chair of furgery in 1681, and of the practice of 
medicine in 1683, which polls he filled with fo much dif- 
timftion, that the republic of Venice conferred on him the 
order of St. Mark. He was aggregated to the Academiae 
Naturae Curioforum, and was for many years chief and 
director of the Academy of Ricovrati. He died at Padua 
in 1693. This learned perfon was the author of nume¬ 
rous works in the Latin, French, and Italian, languages. 
Thofe by which he is bell known relate to the medallic 
fcience, in which he was a great proficient. The follow¬ 
ing are upon that fubjedt : 1. Familiae Romanae ex anti- 
quis Numifmatibus, 1663, folio; this is chiefly founded 
on the work of Fulvius Urfinus. 2. Introduction a l’Hif- 
toire par la Connoiffance des Medailles, 1665, nmo. 3. 
Imperatorum Romanorum Numifmata, 1671, folio. 4. 
Thefaurus Numifmatum, 1672, 4to. 5. Prattica delle 
Medaglie, 1673, 121110. 6. Suetonius ex Numifmatibus 
illuftratus, 1675, 410. He likewife publilhed feveral Ora¬ 
tions and other pieces relative to medicine; an Account 
of his Travels; Lycaum Patavinum, or Lives of theProfef- 
fors of Padua ; and fome traCls relative to antiquities. 
The wife and two daughters of Charles Patin were 
learned, and were all members of the Academy of Rico¬ 
vrati, at Padua.—The wife wrote A Collection of Moral 
and Chriltian Reflections. —Charlotte Catharine, the eldeft 
daughter, pronounced a Latin oration on the raifing of 
the fiege of Vienna, which was printed. She alfo pub¬ 
lilhed “ Tabellae feleCLe,” being an explanation of forty- 
one engravings from the moll celebrated painters.— 
Guhrielle-Charlotle, the youngell daughter, publilhed a 
Latin differtation on the phcenix on a medal of Caracalla, 
and a panegyrical oration on Louis XIV. Gen. Biog. 
PATI'NA, or Patine, f. A name given to the rull 
of medals. This rull, which, when genuine, gives value 
to medals, is fometimes counterfeited, and a falfe patina 
is fubllituted for that which is true. For detecting thefe 
forgeries, fee the article Medal, vol. xiv. p. 828, 9. 
PATI'NO, an ifland in the Grecian Archipelago, which 
was the ancient Patmos. See Patmos. 
PATINOO'N, a town of Hindooltan, in Marawar : 
twenty-feven miles north-well of Ramanadporum. 
PATIO'QUA, a town of Mexico, in the province of 
Guaxaca : fixty-five miles fouth of St. Yago de los Valles. 
PATIVIL'CA, a town of Peru, in the jurifdiCtion of 
Santa, remarkable for the remains of a large Indian build¬ 
ing, fuppofed to have been the palace of a cacique; litu- 
ated on the coall of the Pacific Ocean. Lat. 10. 25. S. 
PATIX'A, or Grand River, a river of Brafil which 
runs into the Atlantic in lat. 15. 50, S. 
Vol. XIX. No. 1310. 
PAT 375 
PAT'KUL (John Reinhold), was bom of a nobleffa- 
mily in Livonia, a northern province belonging to the 
crown of Sweden. The Livonians having been llript of 
their privileges, and great part of their ellates, by Charles 
XI. Patkul was deputed to make their complaint; which 
he did with fuch eloquence and courage, that the king, 
laying his hand upon his Ihoulder, faid “You have 
fpoken for your country as a brave man Ihould, and I 
elleem you for it.” Charles, however, who added the 
bafenefs of liypocrify to the ferocity of a tyrant, was de¬ 
termined to punilh the Zealand honefty which he thought 
fit to commend ; and a few days afterwards caufed Pat¬ 
kul to be declared guilty of high treafon, and condemned 
to die. Patkul, however, found means to efcape into Po¬ 
land, where he continued till Charles was dead. He 
hoped that his fentence would have been then reverfed ; 
but, being difappointed in this expedlation, he applied 
to Augultus king of Poland, and folicited him to attempt 
the conqueftof Livonia from the Swedes; which, he faid, 
might be eafily effedted, as the people were ready to 
fiiake off their yoke, and the king of Sweden was a 
child incapable of compelling their fubjedlion. 
Augultus took the hint, and poffefled himfelf of Livo¬ 
nia. Afterwards, when Charles XII. entered the pro¬ 
vince to recover it, Patkul commanded in the Saxon 
army againlt him. Charles was victorious ; and Patkul, 
fome time afterwards, being difgulted at the haughty be¬ 
haviour of Gen. Fleming, Augultus’s favourite, entered 
into the fervice of the czar of Mufcovy, with whom Au¬ 
gultus was in llridt alliance, and a little before Charles 
compelled Augultus to abdicate the throne of Poland. 
The czar fent Patkul with the title of his ambaflador, 
into Saxony, to prevail with Augultus to meet him at 
Grodno, that they might confer on the Hate of their af¬ 
fairs. This conference took place ; and immediately af¬ 
terwards the czar went from Grodno to quell a rebellion 
in Altracan. As foon as the czar was gone, Augultus, 
to the furprife of all Europe, ordered Patkul, who was 
then at Drefden, to be feized as a Hate-criminal. By this 
injurious and unprecedented adtion, Augultus at once 
violated the law of nations, and weakened his own inte- 
relt; for Patkul was not only an ambaflador, but an am¬ 
baflador from the only power that could afford him pro¬ 
tection. The caufe, however, was this: Patkul had dis¬ 
covered that Augullus’s minillers were to propofe a 
peace to Charles upon any terms; and had therefore 
formed a defign to be beforehand with them, and pro¬ 
cure a feparate peace between Charles and his new mailer 
the czar. The defign of Patkul was difcovered ; and, 
to prevent its fuccefs, Augultus ventured to feize his 
perfon, alluring the czar that he was a traitor, and had be¬ 
trayed them both. 
Augultus was foon after reduced to h e g a peace of 
Charles at any rate ; and Charles granted it upon certain 
conditions, one of w’hich was, that he Ihould deliver up 
Patkul. This condition reduced Augultus to a very dil- 
trefsful dilemma: the czar, at this very time, reclaimed 
Patkul as his ambaflador; and Charles demanded, with 
threats, that he Ihould be put into his hands. Augultus 
therefore contrived an expedient by which he hoped to 
fatisfy both : he fent fome guards to deliver Patkul, who 
was prifoner in the caltle of Konigltein, to the Swedilh 
troops; but by fecret orders, privately difpatched, he 
commanded the governor to let him efcape. The gover¬ 
nor, though he received this order in time, yet difap¬ 
pointed its intention by his villany and his avarice. He 
knew Patkul to be very rich ; and, having it now in his 
power to fuffer him to efcape with impunity, he de¬ 
manded a large fum for the favour: Patkul refuted to 
buy that liberty which he made no doubt would be gra- 
tuitoufly reltored, in confequence of the czar’s requiii- 
tion and remonltrance ; and, in the mean time, the Swe¬ 
dilh guards arrived with the order for his being delivered 
up to them. By this party he was firlt carried to Charles’s 
5 D head __ 
