PAT 
bothra. It is 250 miles north-weft of Calcutta. Lat. 
25. 37. N. Ion. 85. 21. E. 
PAT'NA, a town of the province of Bukovina : thirty 
miles weft of Sucfava. 
PAT'NA, or Putna, a river ofMoldavia, which runs 
into the Milcow at Focfani. 
PAT'NESS, /'. [from pat.'] Convenience: propriety; 
fuitablenefs.—This the Holy Spirit wiftied, in an age fo 
refembling ours, that, I fear, the defcription with equal 
patnefs may fuit both. Barrow. 
PATNOU'RA, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 
Kerleh : fifty-five miles north-weft of Maltoy. 
PATO'KAH, a town of Hindooftan, in Dowlatabad : 
thirty miles north-weft of Darore. 
PAT'OMA, a river of Ruflia, which runs into the 
Lena in lat. 59. 53. N. Ion. 116. 24. E. 
PATOMACK/ or Patovvmack. See Potomack. 
PATOMAT*. See Patamat, vol. xviii. 
PATON'CE, adj. in heraldry. See vol. ix. p.423. 
PATONG', a town of China, of the third rank, in Hou- 
quang, on the Yang-tfe river: fifteen miles weft-north- 
weft of Koue. 
PATOO'K, or Put'tock, a river of Honduras, which 
runs into the bay in lat. 15. 55. N. Ion. 84. 25. W. 
PA'TOS, a river of Brafil, which runs into the Atlan¬ 
tic in lat. 28. 28, S. 
PA'TOS, a town of Mexico, in the province of Zaca¬ 
tecas : eighty miles north of Zacatecas. 
PATOU', a town of Hindooftan in the circar of Au¬ 
rangabad : forty-five miles eaft of Aurangabad. 
PATOUAL', a town of Plindooftan, in Baglana: 
eighteen miles fouth-eaft of Bahbelgong. 
PATQUASHAGA'MA LA'KE, a lake of Canada: 
450 miles weft of Quebec. Lat. 48. 20. N. Ion. 82. 5. W. 
PA'TR A, a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat; eighteen 
miles north-north-eaft of Amoud. 
PA'TRA. See Patera, vol. xviii. p. 782. 
PA'TRAE, or Patras, in ancient geography, a town 
of Achaia, on a promontory, north of Mount Panachai- 
chus. It was more anciently called AroS, derived, as it 
isfaid, from agou, I labour, and applied to it, probably 
from its being the firft place of Achaia in which the inha¬ 
bitants occupied themfelves in labour. Patrseus, one of 
the chiefs of the Acbaeans who were driven from Lace¬ 
daemon on the arrival of the Heraclidae, enlarged and for¬ 
tified Aroe, and gave it his own name. . Of all the 
Achasans, the inhabitants of Patras were the only per- 
fions who defended the AEtolians when they were attacked 
by the Gauls. This incurfion was probably that of the 
year 278 B. C. and which followed the irruption of this 
people into Macedonia, in the preceding year, when they 
were defeated. Auguftus, allured by the fituation of Pa¬ 
tras, collefted the fcattered inhabitants, and re-eftablilhed 
them. He alfo united feveral towns under its dominion, 
and conferred on the inhabitants all the advantages en¬ 
joyed by Roman colonies. In the time of Paufanias this 
town was adorned with a ftatue of Diana Laphria; an 
odeum which, next to that of Athens, was the moft beau¬ 
tiful in Greece; and a fountain near the temple of Ceres, 
where oracles were iffued for the relief of bodily mala¬ 
dies. 
PATRA'NA, or Pastrana, a town of New Caftile in 
Spain, with the title of a duchy. It is feated between 
the rivers Tajo and Tajuna, in lat. 40. 2 6. N. Ion. 2. 
45 - W. 
PA'TRAS, a fea-port town of the Morea, fituated on 
the fouth coaft of the entrance into the gulf of Lepanto. 
(See the preceding article.) This town is the fee of a 
Greek archbifhop, and contains 10,000 inhabitants, ac¬ 
cording to Dr. Holland. Confuls from England, Hol¬ 
land, and Venice, have been accuftomed to refide here. 
The principal articles of trade are coarfe oil, .filk, honey, 
wheat, manna, See. In the year 1447 this place made a 
brave defence againft fultan Murat, and held out till 
peace was concluded, when the Morea was furrendered 
PAT 377 
to the Turks. The port is choked with mud, and the 
road for veflels is very indifferent; the Turks repair no¬ 
thing. This place is twenty-eight miles north-eaft of 
Chiarenza. Lat. 38. 33. N. Ion. 21.43. E. 
PATRE'E, a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat: feventy 
miles weft of Amedabad. 
PA'TRES, f. [Latin.] Fathers; the name generally 
given in catholic countries to the monks of the great 
orders of tnonachifm, as Benedidtines, Auguftines, and 
Bernardines; while the itnmenfe progeny of St. Francis 
were commonly ftyled Fratres, Brothers. In any legal 
inftrument, however, they were all ftyled Fratres ; and 
they fubferibed themfelves fo in their correfpondence; 
but, when a gentleman or lady add refled any monk or 
friar, he or fhe always ufed the name of Paler , Father, 
by courtefy. There feems to be no peculiar rule on the 
lubjedl. 
Patres Conscripti, a denomination given to the 
fenators of Rome. The firft hundred fenators, appointed 
by Romulus, were called limply Patres, Fathers : another 
hundred being added by Romulus and Tatius, upon the 
union of the two people, thefe latter were called Patres 
Minorum gentium , and the former Majorum gentium. At 
length, Tarquinius Prifcus making up the number three 
hundred, the two latter clafles were called Patres Con- 
feripti, becaufe “ written down” to the former. 
Livy, however, gives a different account of their ori¬ 
gin. He tells us, that, when Brutus filled up the places 
of the fenators cut off by Tarquin with others chofen 
out of the equeftrian order, thofe new fenators only had 
the appellation given them of PatresConfcripti. Lib. i. c. 1, 
PA'TRIA, a town of Naples, in Lavora, near a lake to 
which it gives name : thirteen miles north-weft of Naples. 
PA'TRIA, [Lat. the country.] The men of a neigh¬ 
bourhood. Thus, when it is faid inrjuiratur per patriam, 
a jury of the neighbourhood is meant. Jacob. 
PA'TRIARCH, f. [formed of the Gr. srolpt at, family, 
and chief.] One of thofe firft fathers who lived 
towards the beginning of the world 5 and who became 
famous by a long line of defendants. Abraham, Ifanc, 
and Jacob, and his twelve fons, are the patriarchs of the 
Old Teftament. Seth, Enoch, &c. were antediluvian pa¬ 
triarchs. Long life and a number of children were the 
bleffings of the patriarchs. 
The patriarchal government confided in the fathers of 
families, and their firft-born after them, exercifing all 
kinds of ecclefiaftical and civil authority in their refpec- 
tive houfeholds; and to this government, which conti¬ 
nued till the time of the Ifraelites dwelling in Egypt, 
fome have aferibed an abfolute and defpotic power, ex¬ 
tending even to the puniftiment by death. In proof of 
this they allege, among other inftances, the fentence of 
Judah with regard to Tamar, Gen. xxxviii. 24. con¬ 
cerning which it is obferved, that Jacob, the father of 
Judah, w’as ftill living; that Tamar was not one of his 
own family; and that fhe had been guilty of adultery, 
the puniftiment of which was death by burning, and that 
Judah on this occafion might fpeak only as a profecutor. 
See Jennings’s Jewifli Antiq. vol.i. Sydney’s Difcourfes 
concerning Government, chap. i. fe£t. 7. 
Patriarch is alfo ufed in Chriftendom, for the bifhops 
in poffeflion of fome of the grand fees independent of 
the papal jurifdiftion ; or for the chief bifliop over feve¬ 
ral countries or provinces, as an archbifhop is of feveral 
diocefes; who hath feveral archbifhops under him. See 
Patriarchate. 
The patriarchate has been always efteemed the fupreme 
dignity in the church; fo that, to rife by degrees, the 
bijhop had only under him the territory of the city of 
which he was bifliop ; the metropolitan commanded a pro¬ 
vince, and had for fuftragans the bifhops of his province ; 
the primate was the chief of a diocefe, and had feveral 
metropolitans under him; and the patriarch had under 
him feveral diocefes, and the primates themlelves were 
under him. But this order was not always obferved. 
Uflier, 
