PAT 
Ah ! let not Britons doubt their focial aim, 
Whofe ardent bofoms catch this ancient fire! 
Gold intereft melts before the vivid flame, 
And patriot ardours, but with life, expire. Shenjlone. 
PATRIOT'IC, adj. Full of patriotifm. Dr. Johnfon 
has repeatedly ufed this word in an ironical way.—Dennis 
declares with great patriotic vehemence, that he who al¬ 
lows Shakefpeare learning, and a learningwith the ancients, 
ought to be looked upon as a detradfor from the glory of 
Great Britain. Farmer's Effay on the Learning of Shahe- 
fpeare. —During the protedforfhip of Cromwell, a time of 
which the patriotic tribes (till more ardently defire the 
return, the Spanifli dominions were again attempted, 
Johnfon's Falkland's Iflands. 
PAT'RIOTISM,^/; Love of one’s country; zeal for 
one’s country.—Being loud and vehement either againft 
a court, or for a court, is no proof of patriotifm. Bp. 
Berkeley's Maxims, 1750.—It is the quality of patriotifm 
to be jealous and watchful, to obferve all fecret machi¬ 
nations, and to fee public dangers at a diftance. Johnfon's 
Patriot. 
Patriotism, or the love of our country, is one of 
the nobleft paflions that can warm and animate the hu¬ 
man bread. It includes all the limited and particular af¬ 
fections to parents, children, friends, neighbours, fellow- 
citizens, and countrymen. It ought to diredl and limit 
their more confined and partial aCtions within their 
proper and natural bounds, and never let them encroach 
on thofe facred and firfl regards we owe to the great 
public to which we belong. Were wefolitary creatures, 
detached from the red of mankind, and without any ca¬ 
pacity of comprehending a public intered, or without af- 
fedtions leading us to defire and purfue it, it would not 
be our duty to mind it, nor criminal to negledl it : but, 
as we are parts of the public fydern, and are not only ca¬ 
pable of taking in large views of its intereds, but by the 
Itronged afFedtions connedfed with it, and prompted to 
take a fliare of its concerns, we are under the mod facred 
ties to profecute its fecurity and welfare with the utmod 
ardour, efpecially in times of public trial. 
“Zeal for the public good (fays Mr. Addifon) is the 
charafteridic of a man of honour and a gentleman ; and 
mud take place of pleafures, profits, and all other private 
gratifications: and whofoever wants this motive, is an 
open enemy, or an inglorious neuter, to mankind, in pro¬ 
portion to the mifapplied advantages with which nature 
and fortune have blefled him.” Wherever love of our 
country prevails in its genuine vigour and extent, it 
fwallows up all fordid and felfidi regards; it conquers 
the love of eafe, power, pleafure, and wealth ; nay, when 
the amiable partialities of friendfhip, gratitude, private 
affedlion, or regards to a family, come in competition 
with it, it will teach us to facrifice all, in order to main¬ 
tain the rights, and promote and defend the honour and 
happinefs, of our country. To purfue therefore our pri¬ 
vate intereds in fubordination to the good of our coun¬ 
try; to be examples in it of virtue, and obedient to the 
laws ; to choofe fuch reprefentatives as we apprehend to 
be the bed friends to its conditution and liberties ; and, 
if we have the power, to promote fuch laws as may im¬ 
prove and perfedt it; readily to embrace every opportu¬ 
nity for advancing its profperity ; cheerfully to contri¬ 
bute to its defence and fupport; and, if need be, to die 
for it:—thefe are among the duties which every man, 
who has the happinefs to be a member of our free and 
excellent conditution, owes to his country. 
This powerful and fublime paflion, by depriving man, 
in fome meafure, of his natural feelings, prompts him to 
love his country independently of himfelf. It was owing 
to it that Decius facrificed his life ; Fabius his honour ; 
Camillus his refentment; Brutus and Manlius their chil¬ 
dren. 
A Spartan lady had five fons in the army, and was in 
momentary expectation of receiving news from the field 
of battle. At length a meflenger arrives from the camp ; 
Vol. XIX. No. 1 310. 
PAT 083 
and, with trembling agitation, fhe applies to him for in¬ 
formation, “Your five fons,” fait! he, “ are flain.”— 
“ Bafe Have ! did I afk thee that ?”—“ Yet we have gained 
the victory,” replied the meflenger.—“Thanks to the 
gods!” exclaimed the mother; and die indantly flew to 
the temple to offer up her thanks. 
The love of their country, and of the public good, 
feems to have been the predominant paflion of the Spar¬ 
tans. Pedaretus, having miffed the honour of being 
chofen one of the three hundred who had a certain rank 
of diftindtion in the city, went home extremely pleafed 
and fatisfied ; faying, “He was overjoyed there were 
three hundred men in Sparta more honourable than him¬ 
felf.” 
The patriotifm of the Romans is alfo well known, and 
has been juftly admired. But examples would be mif- 
placed here, and muff be referved for the article Rome. 
In more modern times, the French may be proud of the 
patriotifm and devotion difplayed at the fiege of Calais in 
1347; and the Swifs will never forget Arnold de Win- 
kelried, that hero whofe aClions deferve to be tranfmitted 
to pofterity by the pen of a Livy. He truly devoted 
himfelf to his country as a captain and a foldier; and, as 
this inftance of devotion is lefs known than thofe we 
have already alluded to, we fliall relate it in few words. 
Winkelried, who was of the country of Underwald, 
feeing, at the fiege of Sampach, that his fellow-country¬ 
men could not break through the Auftrians, becaufe, 
being armed from head to foot, they had difmounted, 
and, forming a clofe battalion, prefented a front covered 
with iron, and briftling with pikes and lances ; formed 
the generous defign of facrificing himfelf to the fafety of 
his country. “ My friends, (faid he to the Swifs, who 
began to be difpirited,) I this day devote my life to pro¬ 
cure you the viftory : I only recommend to you my fa¬ 
mily ; follow' me, and aft in confequence of what you 
fee me do.” At thefe words he ranged them in that form 
which the Romans called cuneus, or wedge, and, forming 
himfelf the point of the triangle, marched to the centre 
of the enemy, and, feizing as many of the pikes as he 
could grafp in his arms, turned them afide, and opened 
for thofe who followed him a paflage whereby they pe¬ 
netrated into the centre of this thick battalion. Himfelf 
and thofe who were clofe to him were prefently killed ; 
but the Auftrians, once, broken, were conquered : the 
weight of their armour became fatal to them, and the 
Swifs obtained a complete viftory. 
PA'TRIOTSHIP, f. The office or dignity of a patriot. 
Scott. 
PATRIPASS'IANS, in church-hiftory, a name given 
to the fedt of the Sabellians, becaufe they did not believe 
it was the Son, but the Father himfelf, that fuffered and 
was crucified. The council of Antioch, held by the 
Eufebians in 345, fays, that thofe whom the Romans 
called Patripaflians, the Eaftern people called Sabellians : 
it adds the reafon of the name Patripaflians in their con¬ 
demnation : viz. that, by the incarnation of fhe Father, 
they rendered him comprehenfibie and paflible. 
The Patripaflian herefy was firft broached by Praxeas, 
who was feconded by Vidrorinus, at the beginning of the 
third century. They confelfed Chrift to be God, and 
that God fuffered and died for us ; but they confounded 
thedivineperfons, and denied in effedt theTrinity; mean¬ 
ing by Father, Son, and Spirit, not three perfons but one 
perfon under three names. So that he who fuffered for 
us was, according to him, as much Father as Son. Ter- 
tullian wrote exprefsly againft Praxeas. Hermogenes ef- 
poufed the error of the Patripaflians, whence they came 
to be denominated alfo Hermogenians. Afterwards 
Noetius gave into it, which occafioned them the name of 
Noetians. His difciple Sabellius 4 he Libyan followed, 
about the year 250, whence they are called Sabellians. 
Laftly, becaufe Sabellius was of Pentapolis, and the he¬ 
refy fpread much there, it was called the Pentapolituu 
dottrine. See the article Sabellians. 
5 F 
PA'TRIS, 
