392 
P A V 
fide, the flowers twice as large, the calyxes four-cleft, 
not obfcurely four-toothed. Thefe were both found in 
Arabia Felix by Forfkahl. 
5. Pavetta caffra : leaves obovate, flowers fubumbellate, 
calyxes briftle-awned. This is a fmooth tree with round 
branches. Head of flowers feffile, terminating the fliorter 
branchlets. Flowers in the dried plant black. Native 
of the Cape of Good Hope. 
6. Pavetta barbata : leaves lanceolate-oblong, pointed, 
fmooth; panicles forked, divaricated, fmooth; tube of 
the corolla but half the length of the five-cleft limb, 
briftly at the mouth. Gathered by the late Mr. Chrifto- 
pher Smith, at Honimoa, one of the Moluccas, in 1797. 
He fufpeCted it to be a Pavetta, and we can only prefume 
it to be fo. The whole appearance agrees with the figure 
of the next; and the flowers, as in that, are five-cleft; 
but their fliort tube diftinguiflies them from every other 
fpecies. 
7. Pavetta pentandra, (Pfychotria Pavetta, Swartz. 
Ceftrum nervofum, Mill. Dift. Lonicera foliis lanceolato- 
ovatis. Plum.') Leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate, 
panicle trichotomous axillary, flowers five ftamened. 
This is a fhrub, with a flem the height of a man, upright, 
branched, even. Branches ft iff, round, fmooth. Leaves 
petioled, oppofite, acuminate, entire, nerved, thin. 
Flowers white, very fweet-f'cented. It flowers in the 
fpring; and is commonly called in Jamaica wild coffee. 
It is as it were a middle fpecies between Pfychotria, 
Coffiasa, and Pavetta, which are very nearly allied: but it 
feems to approach neareft to the laft in its inflorefcence, 
and the form of the flowers, although they have five fta- 
mens. Sideroxyloides ferreum of Jacquin, Amer. .19. 
which is Siderodendrum of Schreber, No. 169. is allied to 
this. - Native of the Weft Indies. See Mr. Miller’s de- 
fcription in Cestrum nervofum, vol. iv. 
8. Pavetta arenofa: branches brachiate, leaves tubercled 
oppofite. This alfo is a fhrub, unarmed, upright, four 
feet high, with many brachiate reclining branches. 
I.eaves lanceolate, quite entire, fhining, with many pro¬ 
minent tubercles on each fide, which make them appear 
as if they had fand fprinkled on them ; whence it is called 
in Chinefe the fand-plant. Flowers white. Native of 
China, near Canton. 
9. Pavetta paralitica: ftem paralitica], leaves in whorls, 
flowers in little axillary balls. Stem perennial, woody, 
a foot high, very much branched. Leaves ovate, tomen- 
tofe, quite entire. Flowers dufky-yellow, final], villofe. 
Frequent on trees in the gardens of Cochin-china. 
To avoid confufion, Loureiro would place fuch of thefe 
plants as have a one-feeded berry in this genus ; fuch as 
have a two-feeded berry in that of Ixqra ; and thofe 
which have a one-celled two-feeded berry in a new genus 
which he names Polyozus. See alfo Coff^a and Psy- 
CHOTRIA. 
PAUGANA'RY, a town of Hindooftan, in Marawar: 
ten miles fouth of Tripatore, 
PA'VIA, a city of Italy, on the Teffino, fituated in a 
beautiful plain. The citadel was once ftrong, but the 
fortifications have been neglefited; the ftreets are broad 
and ftraight, with fome good buildings, but nothing at 
prelent appears to announce that it was once the capital 
of Lombafdy. It is the fee of a biftiop, immediately de¬ 
pendent on the Pope; and,befides the cathedral, contains 
eighteen parifh-churches, and thirty-eight convents. 
The univerfity was founded by Charlemagne, and re-efta- 
bliflied by Charles IV. Pavia was founded by the Gauls, 
who were driven out by the Romans, and they in their 
turn by the Goths, about the middle of the fifth century. 
In the year 476 or 4.77, the town being completely 
ruined, Odoacer granted the inhabitants an exemption 
for five years, with permiflion to rebuild the town, which 
till then had borne the name of Tifinum ; when rebuilt it 
was called Prtpia, or Pavia-, and in the year 568, being 
taken by the Lombards, it became the capital of their 
kingdom, which ended with Didier, who was made pri* 
"P A V 
foner by Charlemagne in the year 774 ; after that it fuf- 
fered feveral calamities between the inhabitants and the 
Milanefe. It afterwards became the prey' of feveral ty¬ 
rants, before it fell under the dominion of the dukes of 
Milan. In the year 1525, Francis I. kingof France, while 
he was befieging this town, was taken prifoner by the Im- 
perialifts. In the year 1527, the French, under the com¬ 
mand of Lautreck, returned and lacked this unfortunate 
city, fo that it has never recovered itfelf. In the year 
1733, it was taken by the allies, and with its territory 
followed the fortune of Milan. 
The French republicans took the city of Pavia, without 
firing a Ihot, on the 14th May, 1796: here they found 
200 pieces of artillery, 8000 mulkets, 2000 barrels of 
powder, a million of cartridges, and immenfe ftores of all 
kinds, belonging to the Auftrians. After the treaty of 
Campo Formio, 1797, it became the capital of the de¬ 
partment of the Teffino, in the Cifalpine Republic ; 
and of courfe has, fince that time, followed the changes 
which the fineft parts of Italy have inceffimtly undergone, 
till its fate was fettled, for the prelent, by the general 
Treaty of Vienna, June 1S15. Lady Morgan fpeaks of 
its prefent ftate as follows : 
“ At the diftance of four Italian miles from the Certofa, 
at the extremity of a noble avenue of trees, and in a plain, 
called for its fertility il Giardino MilaneJe, the Milanefe 
Garden, rifes the imperial city of Pavia. At the entrance 
of this Citta di Cento Torre (City of an Hundred Towers) 
Hands the ancient caftle of the Vifconti, magnificent in 
ruin. One among its well-preferved ftone-belted windows 
was pointed out to us as belonging to Petrarch’s cham¬ 
ber. It was covered with wild plants, which hung in 
flaunting feftoons for many feet down. While we gazed 
on it, a foldier’s wife (for all that is habitable in this ve¬ 
nerable fabric is an Auftrian barrack) hung a fhirt to dry 
over the foliage. The windows of the gallery, where Pe¬ 
trarch undertook to arrange thofe precious MSS. which 
the clever defpot had collected, were covered with leather 
belts, and other articles of the military toilet, from which 
the fun was drawing exhalations of pipe-clay. Oppofite 
to this exquifite fpecimen of the domeftic architecture of 
the middle ages, Hands a modern building of nearly equal 
extent and importance. This edifice was railed by the 
French, for the purpofes of a foundry for cannon and for 
an arfenal. Here immenfe machines were ereCted, and 
moft ingenious water-works conftruCted. Here were 
fchools for the artillery officers and engineers. The num¬ 
ber of hands employed in the fabrication of fire-arms and 
cannon, difrufed induftry and fubfiftence among the poorer 
part of the population. This building now lies wafte ; 
and the workmen, of courfe, are thrown upon mendicity, 
or other fources of exiftence. From the main ftreet ot 
Pavia, others of greater antiquity branch off at right an¬ 
gles, where all is fad, defolate, and filent; fome terminate 
in piasse, or fquares, opening before vaft and cumbrous 
palaces, with windows half-fafhed, doors hanging from 
their hinges, balconies mouldering over beautiful but 
falling porticos, and the grafs fhooting up every where 
between the pavement. In one of thefe by-ftreets is 
fhown the fite of the imperial palace, when Pavia was a 
royal capital. This was a palace of Theodoric, often 
cited in the ftory of various barbarous invafions. It was 
ftanding in all its Gothic grandeur in the eleventh cen¬ 
tury, when a popular infurreCtion againft the tyranny of 
the emperor Henry II. levelled it to the ground.” 
The Medical School at Pavia, under the direction of 
the celebrated Scarpa, is an admirable inftitution. The 
medical profeffors are ten in number; the profefforfhips 
are thirteen. They are as follow : the inftitutes ot for¬ 
gery ; clinical medicine; botany; clinical furgery, by 
Scarpa ; human anatomy, by Fattori; operative furgery, 
by Scarpa ; pathology and legal medicine; chemiftry, by 
Brugnatelli; materia medica; phyfiology and compara¬ 
tive anatomy; pharmaceutic chemiftry, by Marabelli; 
midwifery. In addition to thefe are profeflors in the fol¬ 
lowing 
