PAY 
393 
P A V 
lowing departments: agriculture ; experimental pliilo- 
fophy, by Volta and Configliachi; natural hiftory ; gene¬ 
ral phyfics. An extenfive library belongs to the fchool, 
and a fplendid mufeum of anatomy and the various 
branches of natural hiftory. Thefe are contained in a 
building much like the medical fchool in Paris, but twice 
as large. The hofpital is an excellent one, and under re¬ 
markably good management. Theinduftry and fuperior 
advantages of the head of the inftitution, M. Scarpa, 
have contributed greatly to the benefit and improvement 
of the fchool. Scarpa was the pupil of Morgagni, and col¬ 
league with Fontana. At the early age of eighteen he 
was profelfor of anatomy at Modena. After this he was 
a pupil of William Hunter in London, and then came 
to fettle in Pavia. He has recently finiflied an improved 
gorget for the operation for the (tone, one advantage of 
which is that it enters the bladder with very little force 
on the part of the operator. For the general ftate of me¬ 
dicine and furgery in Italy, at the prefent moment, fee 
the article Pathology, p. 53 of this volume. 
Pavia is feventeen miles fouth of Milan, and feventy- 
two weft of Mantua. Lat. 45. 10. N. Ion. 9. 9. E. 
PA'VIA,/. in botany, fo called by Boerhaave in ho¬ 
nour of Peter Pavius, who was profelfor of phyfic at 
Leyden, and to whom the care of the Botanic Garden 
there was confided in May 1592. The botanical profef- 
forlhip being conferred upon Clufius two months after¬ 
wards, Bontius and Pavius were afl'ociated with him in 
this charge for feveral years. In 1609 the whole de¬ 
volved upon Pavius, and he continued to enrich and im¬ 
prove the garden till his death in 1617. He does not ap¬ 
pear to have publilhed any thing, not even a catalogue 
of the garden. The prefent plant is now referred by bo- 
tanifts to another genus, fee ASsculus, in which it 
bears the fpecific name of Pavia, and is well known in 
our gardens as the fcarlet horfe-chefnut. 
PAV'ID, adj. [pavidus, Lat.] Timorous; fearful. Cole. 
P AVIDITY, f. Timorous. Cole. 
PAVI'E, a town of France, in the department of the 
Gers: three miles fouth of Auch. 
PAVIGNA'NO, a town of Italy: ten miles eaft-north- 
eaft of Brefcia. 
PAVIL'ION, f. [pavilion , Fr.] A tent; a temporary 
or movable houfe.—-Flowers being under the trees, the 
trees were to them a pavilion, and the flowers to the trees 
a mofaical floor. Sidney.- —It was ufual for the enemy, 
when there was a king in the field, to demand in what 
part of the camp he refided, that, they might avoid firing 
upon the royal pavilion. Addifon. 
He, only he, heav’n’s b]ew pavilion fpreads, 
And on the ocean’s dancing billows treads. Sandys. 
To PAVIL'ION, v. a. To furnilh with tents: 
Jacob in Mahanaim faw 
The field pavilion'd with his guardians bright. Milton. 
To be (heltered by a tent: 
With his batt’ning flocks the careful fwain 
Abides pavilion'd on the grafiy plain. Pope. 
PAUILLAC', a town of France, in the department of 
the Gironde: ten miles fouth-eaft of Lefparre, and twen¬ 
ty-four north of Bourdeaux. 
PAVILLON' (Nicholas), a pious and celebrated 
French prelate, was a fon of an advocate of the parlia¬ 
ment of Paris, in which city he was born in the year 
1597. Being deftined to the church, he was placed un¬ 
der the direction of the famous Vincent de Paul, founder 
of the Congregation of the Priefts of the Millions, who, 
finding him well qualified for the purpofesof the fociety, 
employed him in the work of preaching and inftruflion 
in different parts of the kingdom. He alfo appointed 
him director of the order of the Daughters of Charity, 
and of the conferences for the inftruCtion of young eccle- 
fiaftics. So high was the reputation which he acquired 
by his virtues, his zeal, and particularly by. his pulpit- 
talents, that cardinal Richelieu was induced to recom¬ 
mend him to king Louis XIII. who nominated him 
bilhopof Alet in Lotver Languedoc. This diocefe need¬ 
ed the indefatigable zeal and exertion of fuch a perfon as 
our prelate, to reclaim it from the ftate of ignorance and 
vice into which it had been funk, owing to the licen- 
tioufnefs introduced during the civil wars, as well as the 
negleCt and diffipation of the ecclefiaftics. To this work 
he applied with fteady and unceafing ardour, and had the 
fatisfaCtion of being witnefs to a wonderful reformation, 
both among the clergy and the people of the diocefe in 
general. During the reign of Louis XIV. he fell under the 
royal difpleafure, by uniting with thofe of his epifcopal 
brethren who defended the writings of Janfenius. He died 
in difgrace in 1677, when upwards of eighty years of age. 
He was the author of “ A Ritual for the Ufe of the Dio¬ 
cefe of Alet,” with inftruCtions and rubrics in French, 
1667, quarto. This work was complained againft before 
the inquifition at Rome, and, after a fevere examination, 
was placed among profcribed books in the Index, and 
condemned by a decree of pope Clement IX. That de¬ 
cree, however was not received in France, where the Ri¬ 
tual had an extenfive circulation ; and the biftiop of Alet, 
in defiance of the papal prohibition, continued the ufe of 
it in his diocefe. He alfo publiftied an efteemed collection 
of “ Ordinances, and Synodal Statutes,” from the year 
1640 to 1647, which were printed in 1655, 12010. 
Moreri. 
PAVILLON' (Stephen), a man of letters, nephew to 
the preceding, was born at Paris in 1632. He was edu¬ 
cated partly under his uncle, with whom he acquired a 
great knowledge of divinity and ecclefiaftical hiftory. 
His proper profeflion, however, was that of the law, and 
he obtained the poll of advocate-general at Metz; but a 
delicate conftitution, and a love of ftudy and retirement, 
caufed him to refign that office, and devote himfelf to a 
life of leifure. The amenity of his manners, and the 
charms of his converfation, procured him many diftin- 
guifhed friends; and, during the fits of the gout to 
which he was a martyr, his eafy chair was furrounded by 
perfons of rank and eminence. His indolence or his phi- 
lofophy caufed him to refufe the office of preceptor to a 
young prince, though it would have made his fortune. 
Louis XIV. gave him a penfion of two thoufand livres, 
and madame de Pontchartrain, on fending him the bre¬ 
vet, told him that it was only till fomething better of¬ 
fered. Pavilion, who was then very ill, fent for anfwer, 
that if the lady meant to be his benefactor, fhemuft make 
liafte. He died in 1705, at the age of feventy-three. He 
was a member both of the French Academy and of that 
of Infcriptions, without having folicited a feat in either. 
His literary reputation was chiefly founded on his poems, 
which for the moft part were of the light kind, and were 
charaCterifed by eafe, delicacy, and gaiety. He alfo 
wrote letters on the manner of Voiture, with a mixture of 
verfe and profe. The moft complete edition of his works 
was printed at Paris in two fmall volumes, 121710. 1747. 
Moreri. 
PAVILLY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Lower Seine : nine miles eaft-north-eaft of Caudebec, 
and nine north-weft of Rouen. 
PAYING, /. Pavement of ftone, brick, or tile. See 
Pavement. 
PAVISA'DO,/. [Spanifh.] A kind of defence to co¬ 
ver the towers in a galley. See Pavais. 
PAUKATUCK', a river of Rhode Ifland, which runs 
into thefea in lat. 41.15. N. Ion. 71. 50. W. In the latter 
part of its courfe it divides Rhode Ifland from Connec¬ 
ticut. 
PAUL (St.) the great apoftle of the Gentiles, was of 
pure Hebrew defcent, of the tribe of Benjamin,and born 
at Tarfus, the metropolis of Cilicia, about three years 
after the birth of Chrift, according to the moft probable- 
computations of the learned. In his early life he was- 
known by the Hebrew name of Saul; but, after the com¬ 
mencement 
