403 
P A 
for ecclefiaftics; and in times of fcarcity and peftilence 
which laid wade Lorraine, Picardy, and Champagne, he 
remitted nearly four millions of livres, in money and 
goods, for the relief of thofe provinces. So high was 
the eftimation in which he was held as a fpiritual advifer, 
that he was engaged in regular attendance on Louis XIII. 
during his laft ficknefs; and under the regency of Anne 
of Auftria, mother of Louis XIV. his counfel was chiefly 
followed in the management of the eccleflaftical affairs of 
the kingdom. Yet, during the fpace of ten years in 
which he poflefied this influence, he always made a con¬ 
fluence of recommending the mod deferving candidates 
for vacant benefices, and his whole conduct was go¬ 
verned by exemplary prudence and humility. He died 
in 1660, when nearly eighty-five years of age. He was 
beatified by pope Benedift XIII. in 1729, and canonized 
by Clement XII. in 1737. Mo/heim Hiji. Ecclef. Saec, 
xvii. par. ii. 
PAUL I. (Pope), was a native of Rome, and brother to 
his predecefior Stephen II. He became deacon of the 
Roman church; and in the year 752, Stephen fent him 
with rich prefents to Aiftulphus, king of the Lombards, 
in order to obtain a confirmation of the treaty of peace 
into which that prince had entered with his predecefl'or 
pope Zachary. In this objeft he fucceeded without dif¬ 
ficulty ; and Aiftulphus granted an extenfion of the term 
agreed upon for forty years longer, that he might divert 
the pope from interfering with the defign which he had 
then formed, and foon afterwards carried into execution, 
of fubjugating the exarchate of Ravenna. Upon the 
death of Stephen in 757, the Roman people were divided 
about the choice of afucceflor; fome declaring for the 
deacon Paul, and others for the archdeacon TheophylaiSf. 
At length, after a vacancy of more than a month, the no¬ 
bility, clergy, and magiftrates, all zealoufly promoting 
the interefts of Paul, the election was carried in his fa¬ 
vour 5 and this is the only inftance which occurs in the 
whole hiftory of the popes, of two brothers being railed 
fucceffively to the papal chair. 
No fooner had Paul fecured his eleflion, than he dif- 
patched a meflenger to Pepin, king of France, to acquaint 
him with his promotion, and to entreat his protection, 
and that of the French nation in general, for the tempo¬ 
ral dominions of the church. It lhould be mentioned 
that, during the pontificate of Stephen II. Pepin had 
conquered from the Lombards the exarchate of Ravenna, 
and the Pentapolis, or marche of Ancona, which he be¬ 
llowed on the Roman fee by an inftrument of donation, 
and compelled Aiftulphus to confirm the grant. This 
donation railed the bilhop of Rome to the rank of a 
prince, and may, be properly confidered as the foun¬ 
dation of the temporal grandeur of the popes. The 
ftrength of the papal fee, however, was inadequate to 
maintain the pofleflion of thefe new dominions, without 
foreign aid, fhould the king of the Lombards, or the em¬ 
peror of the Greeks, prove hoftile neighbours: for which 
reafon Paul embraced the earlieft opportunity of fuppli- 
cating the powerful protection of Pepin. He had the 
fatisfaClion of receiving from that prince, in anfwer to 
the letters by his meflenger, the moft friendly congratula¬ 
tions on his exaltation to the papacy, and the ltrongeft 
affurances of his refolution to maintain St.'Peter and his 
fuccefibrs in the full pofleflion and quiet enjoyment of 
what he had given them, and to employ for that purpofe, 
if neceflary, the whole force of his kingdom. 
As the places which were to be yielded up to the Ro¬ 
man fee had not been all evacuated by the Lombards be¬ 
fore the death of Aiftulphus, Paul, as foon as he was or¬ 
dained, made a demand of them from his fucceflor Defi- 
derius. This prince profeffed the utmoft readinefs to 
fatisfy the pope; but, alleging that the affairs of his new 
kingdom engrofl’ed all his attention, he requefted that, 
till thefe fhould be fettled, his holinefs would excufe him 
for not complying with his demand. Of this delay the 
pope complained in a long letter to Pepin. Indeed, 
Vol. XIX. No. 1312. 
U L. 
much of his time, during the whole of his pontificate, 
was occupied in writing to Pepin, or his two Tons, letters 
of complaint againft the king of the Lombards, oragainft 
the emperor; and in endeavouring, by frequent legations, 
as well as by letters, to keep the French, the Greeks, and 
the Lombards, ever at variance. To counteract this po¬ 
licy, the emperor and the king of the Lombards made 
every effort to gain Pepin, and to perfuade him to with¬ 
draw his protection from the pope; reprefenting him to 
be a public incendiary, who, inftead of ftriving to unite 
the Chriftian princes amongft themfelves and againft 
their common enemies, made it his ftudy to create divi- 
fions among them, with no other view than that he might 
aggrandize himfelf at their expence. All their efforts, 
however, proved unfuccefsful ; as did, likewife, a folemir 
embafiy which the emperor lent to France in the year 
764, to obtain that objeCl by propofing an alliance be¬ 
tween the emperor and Pepin, which fhould be cemented 
by the marriage of the emperor’s eldeft fon Leo to a 
daughter of Pepin. Pepin declined the propofed alli- 
ence with the emperor, becaufe he was unwilling to dis¬ 
oblige the pope. 
Befides the events already noticed, little more is re¬ 
corded concerning the tranfaClions of Paul’s pontificate, 
excepting the evidence which he afforded of his piety by 
founding or repairing numerous churches ; and of his fu- 
perftition, by countenancing the ridiculous farce dis¬ 
played at the tranflation of the body of St. Petronella, 
the pretended daughter of St. Peter, from the cemetery 
where it was difcovered, to the Vatican. Paul died in 767, 
after he had prefided over the Roman church ten years 
and one month. Thirty-one of his “ Letters” have 
reached our time, and the whole of them may be feen in 
the “ Caroline Code,” fo called from Charlemagne, who 
himfelf formed the colledtion, which was publilhed by 
James Gretzer, in the year 1613. Platince et Anajlajii 
Vit. Pont. Cave’s Hi/i. Lit. vol. i. 
PAUL II. (Pope), originally known by the name of 
Peter Barbo, was defcended from an ancient family, and 
born at Venice in the year 1417. He was educated in the 
mercantile line, which the Venetians very wifely did not 
confider to be degrading to men of noble blood. He had 
fent property on-board a fliip, and was on the point of 
embarking with it, when he received intelligence that 
his maternal uncle had been promoted to the papacy, 
under the name of Eugenius IV. This news engaged 
him to change his defign, and flattered him with the pro- 
fpe< 5 t of greater fuccefs in the ecclefiaftical profeflion than 
in commercial purfuits. He therefore quitted bufinefs 
for ftudy ; and, though he made but very little progrefs 
in literature and the fciences, he was in the courfe of a 
few years preferred by his uncle to the archdeaconry of 
Bologna, the bifhopric'of Cervia in the Romagna, the 
office of apoftolical prothonotary, and in the year 1440 
to the dignity of cardinal. By his addrefs and obliging 
behaviour, he recommended himfelf, after the death of 
Eugenius, to the fucceeding popes, Nicholas V. Calixtus 
III. and Pius II. Calixtus gave him the appointment of 
legate in Campania. Upon the death of Pius II. in 1464, 
Barbo was chofen pope by a great majority. As he was 
a very handfome man, fo he was exceeding proud of his 
perfon, and intimated his intention of taking at his co¬ 
ronation the name of FortnoJ'us, iignifying Comely, or 
Beautiful; but from this defign he was difluaded by the 
cardinals, who made him fenfible of the ridicule to which 
he would expofe himfelf by fuch a difplay of his vanity ; 
and he chofe the name of Paul II. 
One of the firll public meafures of Paul’s government, 
was a declaration in favour of Ferdinand king of Naples, 
againft the family of Anjou ; and, as the party of the 
latter had begun to revive in the kingdom, many of the 
barons being diflatisfied with the arbitrary government 
of Ferdinand, he fent a conliderable body of troops to 
the afliftance of that prince, who was thus enabled fpee- 
dily to quell the infurgents, and to reftore peace to the 
5 L kingdom. 
