412 P A 
' In the year 1610, Paul was earneftly folicited to enter 
into a defenfive alliance with the king of France and the 
princes of Italy: but he declined acceding to their pro- 
pofals, out of an apprehenfion that they intended a rup¬ 
ture with Spain, and an invafion. of the Milanefe ; in 
which cafe he was determined to obferve the ftridleft neu¬ 
trality. While this fubjeft was in agitation, intelligence 
arrived at Rome of theaflaflination of Henry IV. at which 
the pope exprefled great forrow; and, as a teltimony of 
liis regard for that monarch, he afiifted perfonally at his 
obfequies, which were celebrated with great folemnity at 
Rome. Hearing that fome young Frenchmen in the city 
exprefl’ed their fatisfa&ion at that event, and ftyled the 
nfiaflin the deliverer of their country, he ordered them to 
be arrefted, and condemned them to the galleys. -It is 
fair to conclude, however, that his profecution of them 
originated in other motives than an abhorrence of the 
a&ion which they applauded, fince, as we Ihall prefently 
fee, he could give his approbation to the doctrine of 
Suarez the jefuit, in defence of the murder of kings. 
When, in the year 1614., the pope received information 
that a treaty was negociating between the king of Great 
Britain and the queen-regent of France, for a marriage 
between the prince of Wales and her fecond daughter 
Chriftina, he ordered his nuncio at the French court to 
remonftrate againft the propofed alliance, as prejudicial 
to the church. Another fubjedt on which he diredled 
fiis nuncio to remonftrate, was a decree of the parliament 
of Paris, condemning the treatife of Suarez, of which the 
pope had declared his approbation, to be burnt by the 
hands of the common hangman, as containing pernicious 
and damnable doftrine. He demanded fatisfadlion by 
the formal annulling of the decree ; but all he could ob¬ 
tain, was only the fufpenfion of its execution. He met 
with a fimilar mortification in an unfuccefsful endeavour 
which he made to prevail with the ltates of France to 
order the publication of the decrees of theCouncil ofT rent. 
In the courfe of the following year, Paul’s attention 
was chiefly engaged by the old controverfy between the 
Francifcans and Dominicans, concerning the immaculate 
conception of the Virgin Mary, which was maintained by 
the former, and denied by the latter. On this very im¬ 
portant queftion, both parties were tranfported with fuch 
animofity and furious zeal, particularly in Spain, that the 
kingdom was almoft engaged in a religious civil war 
through their diflenfions. The catholic king, to prevent 
the fatal effects of this blind conteft, prefled the pope, by 
repeated embaflies, to give an authoritative decifion on 
the queftion in difpute. All that could be obtained from 
the pontiff, however, was a renovation of the Conftitu- 
tions of Sixtus IV. and Pius V. on that fubjeft ; together 
with a declaration, intimating, that the opinion of the 
Francifcans had a high degree of probability on its fide, 
and forbidding the Dominicans to oppofe it in a public 
manner; but this declaration was accompanied with 
another, by which the Francifcans were prohibited, in 
t-heir turn, from treating as erroneous the dodflrine of 
the Dominicans. 
Shortly afterwards, the pope was involved in a difpute 
with the court of France, which demanded the eftate of 
the marfhal d’Ancre at Rome, for the ufe of the French 
king. This demand was at firft treated with contempt 
by the pope ; but at length he found it prudent to agree 
to a treaty of partition, by which, though confiderably 
more than a moiety was yielded up to Louis.XIII. he 
was allowed to appropriate the remainder towards the 
building of St. Peter’s church. In the year 16x9, Paul 
publifhed an univerfal jubilee, in order to implore the 
afliftance of God for the defence of the church, which 
was endangered by a general infurreftion of the Proteft- 
ants in Bohemia, and the other countries under the 
Auftrian dominions, who had been provoked to fly to 
arms by the oppreflion with which they were harafled. 
Alarmed at this powerful confederacy, the popeTent af- 
U L. 
fiftance in money to the emperor; who, in the courfe of 
the following year, gained a decifive victory which fe- 
cured to him the pofl'eflion of Bohemia, and obliged the 
other infurgents to fubmit. Paul furvived the news of 
this viftory only a few months, and died at Rome in Ja¬ 
nuary 1621, in the fixty-ninth year of his age, after a 
pontificate of nearly fixteen years. 
Paul V. was diftinguiflied for talents and learning; 
and would have appeared to great advantage in the page 
of hiftory, had he not fuftered his ambition and furious 
zeal for the authority of the holy fee to lead him into 
meafures which he could not fupport, and had he not fa- 
crificed the wealth of the ftate to the aggrandizement of 
his nephew, cardinal Borghefe. As a friend to literature, 
he publifhed a bull, commanding all the religious orders 
to maintain profeffors in the Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, 
and Latin, languages. In adorning and beautifying the 
city with magnificent buildings, he is faid to have rivalled 
Sixtus V. He extended and improved the Vatican palace 
and library. He built two magnificent palaces for his 
relations, one in the city, and the other wuthout the walls; 
and in both he collected the mod valuable works in 
fculpture and painting, and the fineft monuments of an¬ 
tiquity that he could purchafe. He brought water to 
feveral parts of the city, by aquedufts and fubterraneous 
channels, fome from places at nearly forty miles diftance; 
and he embellifhed the ftreets with a great number of 
fountains. He was likewife liberal in his charitable do¬ 
nations, and in his alms to the poor. During his ponti¬ 
ficate, no few-er than fixty cardinals were created, many 
of wdiom are faid to have been kept by him in dependent 
circumftances, in order to ftrengthen the intereft of his 
nephew Borghefe in the facred college, and to enable 
him to carry the election after his own death. Rycaut's 
Contin. of Platina. Bower's Hijl. of the Popes. Modern 
Univ. Hijl, vol. xxiii. 
PAUL (Father), whole name, before he entered into 
the monaftic life, was Peter Sarpi , was born at Venice, 
Auguft 14, 1552. He was contemporary with pope Paul 
V. being born in the fame year. His father followed 
trade, but with fo little fuccefs, that on his death his fa¬ 
mily were extremely ill provided for. Peter was taken 
under the care of a maternal uncle, who, being himfelf 
a fchoolmafter, cultivated the talents of his nephew' with 
unwearied application. He foon fhowed, by the turn of 
his mind, that he had a capacity adequate to the moft 
difficult departments in literature; and, having, at the 
age of thirteen, made himfelf mailer of fchool-learning, 
he turned his ftudies to philofophy and the mathematics. 
He entered alfo on the ftudy of logic under Capella of 
Cremona, who was of the order of the Servites; and in 
this order Peter Sarpi, notwithftanding the remonftrances 
of his friends, determined to enter himfelf. In 1566 he 
took the habit of the order, though at that time only 
fourteen years of age; a period of life in moft perfons very 
improper for engagements of this nature, but in him at¬ 
tended with fuch maturity of thought, and fuch a 
fettled temper, that he never feemed to regret the choice 
he then made, and which he confirmed by a folemn public 
profeflion in 1572. At a general chapter of the Servites, 
heid at Mantua, Paul, for he had nowaffumed that name, 
being but twenty years of age, diftinguiflied himfelf fo 
much in a public deputation by his genius and learning, 
that Wiliiam duke of Mantua, a great patron of letters, 
folicited the confent of his fuperiors to retain him at 
his court; and not only made him public profelfor of di¬ 
vinity in the cathedral, and reader of divinity and the 
canon law in that city, but honoured him with many 
proofs of his effeem. The buftle of a court did not ac¬ 
cord with his temper and difpofition ; he quitted it two 
years afterwards, ar.d retired to his beloved privacy. He 
was at this period but twenty-two years of age; and was 
intimately acquainted not only with the Latin, Greek, 
Hebrew, and Chaldee, languages, but with philofophy, 
