PAUL. 
of his death arrived at Rome, the corrupt and fervile 
courtiers exprefled great joy, and the pope himfelf could 
not refrain from fpeakingof it as an event in which the 
hand of God was vifible : “as if,” fays Father Fulgentio, 
“ it had been a miracle for a man to die at the age of 71.” 
Many of the exalted members of the Romifh hierarchy, 
however, fpoke of his memory with the greateft refpedt; 
and alfo exprefled their regret that his merits had not 
been duly eftimated by the fovereign pontiffs, who, they 
faid, fhould have fecured fuch an extraordinary man in 
the interefts of the church, by promoting him to its 
dignities and honours. At Venice his lofs was deeply 
lamented by all ranks, who jultly regarded him as the 
brightelt ornament of their country, for knowledge, 
wifdom, and virtue. His funeral obfequies were cele¬ 
brated with all poflible public magnificence, and attend¬ 
ed by a vaft concourfe of the nobles, and the other 
claffes in the republic. To exprefs their grateful fenfe 
of the fervices which he had rendered to his country, the 
fenate erected a monument to him, on which an appro¬ 
priate epitaph was infcribed, drawn up by John Anthony 
Venerio, a noble Venetian. Vita de P. Paolo, by Fulgen- 
tius. Courayer's Vie abrtgle de Fra. Paolo. Gen. Biog. 
PAUL (St.), a province in the territory or kingdom 
of Brafil, in South America, fituated to the weft of Rio 
Janeiro: the principal productions are grain and cotton. 
The population is computed at 11,100 whites, 32,170 
Indians, and 9000 blacks or mulattoes. More recently 
we have heard the whole population eftimated at 300,000 
fouls. 
PAUL (St.), a town of Brafil, in the captainfhip of 
St. Vincent. It is a kind of independent republic, com- 
pofed of the banditti of feveral nations, who pay a tri¬ 
bute of gold to the king of Portugal. Thefe thieves are 
called Paulijis. Their town of St. Paul ftands on a hill 
about 150 paces in height, whence iflue two rivulets, one 
to the fouth the other to the weft, which afterwards join, 
and fall into the Harcambu, that pafles at a diftance of a 
league to the north, a river full of fifli, and capable of 
receiving large barks, but liable to inundation in the 
rainy feafon. On the north of this river the mountains 
extend eaft and weft for more than forty leagues, while on 
the fouth-weft the chain feems to wind towards the 
mountains of Chiquitos in the Spanifh pofleffions; the 
Parana palling with ftupendous rapids of twelve leagues, 
the general breadth of the chain being from twelve to 
twenty. In the vicinity of St. Paul, the mountains pre- 
fent mines of gold of the purity of twenty-tv.'o carats, 
which is found in irregular maffes, and in dull. The cli¬ 
mate is benign, owing to the frelh air from the moun¬ 
tains, but the winter is cold and frofty. United by equal 
want of religion and morals, the firft inhabitants of this 
town formed a republic, like that of robbers in a cavern. 
Malefactors of all nations and colours, Portuguese, Spa¬ 
niards, Negroes, Indians, and all poflible mixtures of 
mankind, formed about 100 families, which gradually 
rofe to 1000, The Paulifts declared themfelves a free 
people; and they feein to have merited the title in the 
word fenfe of it, as they were completely free from all 
laws, morals, fentiments, and virtues: but they confent- 
ed to pay the Portuguefe a fifth part of the gold which 
they drew from the mines or fcours (lavaderos). All 
ftrangers who did not bring certificates of having been 
regular thieves, were refuted admittance into this hopeful 
Colony ; and there was a marked averfion from any mul¬ 
tiplication of profeflions, as they rejeCled any robber who 
was at the fame time a fpy. The firft trial of a new citi¬ 
zen, was to make an excurfion, and bring in two Indians 
prifoners, to be employed in the mines, or in digging the 
grounds. Virtuous aCtions were puniihed with death ; 
and no citizen was permitted to retire from the Society. 
Supplied with fire-arms from unknown quarters, they 
often defcended the large rivers, carrying terror and de- 
ftruftion into the Spanifh pofleffions in Paraguay; and 
an army would have been neceflary ever to reduce them 
Vol. XIX. No. 1313. 
415 
to the Portuguefe domination. Where they fufpeCted 
that force would not avail, they affumed the black gowns 
of the Jefuits, and preached with great fervour to the In¬ 
dians, on the advantages of religion and civilization, and 
the heinous offences of robbery and murder, efpecially 
warning them againft thofe devils the Paulifts, who were 
accuftomed to breakfaft on nuns and little children. 
When they had catechifed a Sufficient number, they per- 
Suaded them to follow their teachers to a convenient Spot, 
where they would find abundance of all the neceffaries of 
life. The poor Indians, accuftomed to the Same proce¬ 
dure on the part of the Jefuits, allowed themfelves to be 
conducted by thefe wolves in wool, who, when they had 
led them to the trap, Seized and carried them off captives. 
This new mode of preaching began to difguft the Savages; 
and the Jefuits found it difficult to avoid the total lofs of 
their charafter, by the artifices of thefe new brethren, as 
the Indians could not poflibly diftinguifh between a Je- 
fuit and a Paulift. To the Sword of the faith they were 
found to join that of the flefli, and to arm all their con¬ 
verts, not with patience but with fufils. The Paulifts 
at length began to lofe their advantages, both as preach¬ 
ers and as pirates ; and, the bonds of their fociety having 
begun to be broken by the introduction of Some virtues, 
the city was yielded to the Portuguefe monarchy, which 
is ftill contented to receive a fifth part of the mines. 
Population, 20,000 fouls. Lat. 23. 25. S. Ion. 45. 52. V/. 
Pinkerton s Geography , vol. iii. 
It was during the prince-regent’s vifit to this city, in 
Auguft, 1822, that the firft decifive indication of a Separa¬ 
tion from the mother-country, and the total independence 
of the Brafilians upon Portugal, took place. Before the 
prince quitted St. Paul’s to return to Rio, the governor 
and people infilled upon his declaring the independence 
of Brazil, to which he acceded, and was Solemnly Sworn 
in its Support. After the ceremony, he took the confti- 
tutional cockade from his hat, and affixed a green badge 
to his left arm, with the motto on a yellow ftripe, “ In¬ 
dependence or Death.” The prince returned to Rio on 
the 14th of September; on the 15th (Sunday), he ap¬ 
peared at the opera with this badge ; and on Monday 
morning there was not a conftitutional cockade to be 
Seen in the city. The military and others under govern¬ 
ment received orders to take off the Portuguefe cockades, 
and to adopt the green badge. It appears that the Paul¬ 
ifts were fo indignant at the laft intelligence from Lifbon, 
that the conftitutional cockade was thrown away as Soon 
as the meafure of placing the provincial government of 
St. Paul’s under a criminal procefs was ascertained to be 
in contemplation. It is probable, that before this article 
meets the public eye, the prince will have been crowned 
King of Brafil. Of courfe, we Shall have an opportunity 
of refuming the fubjefl under the article Portugal. 
PAUL’S (St.), an ifland in the Southern Indian Sea, 
to the north of the ifland of Amiterdam. It rifes ab¬ 
ruptly from the Sea, a confpicuous cone-fhaped mountain, 
apparently Solid when viewed from the weftern fide; bur, 
on coming round to the eaftern, presenting an immenfe 
cavity, Scooped out of the higheft part of the ifland, and 
the Sides toward the Sea broken down to the water’s edge, 
thus affording a complete view of the interior. It is evi¬ 
dently the crater of an extindl volcano; but whether 
fhot up from the bed of the ocean, or the neighbouring 
level land by which it may have been encircled being 
Submerged, or how long it has ceafed to aft, muff: remain 
uncertain. It is So different from any thing like the co- 
ral-iflands of the Pacific or Indian oceans, and fo high 
withal, that nothing of this kind can be fuppofed ; while 
its diftance from any of the continents leaves no proba¬ 
bility of having ever belonged to either. The fhores are 
lteep and rocky: a furious Surf continually waflies the 
bafe ; and off the crater, at the diftance of a mile and a 
half, there is anchorage in fine weather, when the wind 
blows from the weftward. The breadth of the entrance 
is about forty yards. When over the bar, and within the 
5 O bafin, 
