P A U 
P A U 
PAULHIAC 7 , a town of France, jn the department 
- of the Lot and Garonne: fix miles fouth-fouth-eaft of 
Villereai, and three north-eaft of Montflanquin. 
PAU'LI (Gregory), a learned Polifii divine of the 
proteftant perfualion, was appointed minifter of the 
church of Wolanear Cracow, in the year 1555. After¬ 
wards he became paftorand fenior minifter of the church 
of Cracow. He was one of the earlieft opponents of the 
do&rine of the Trinity in Poland, though he did not 
advance further than the Arian hypothefis. For the 
freedom with which he avowed and defended his opi¬ 
nions in the pulpit, he was expelled from Cracow ; when 
he retired to Racow, where he died at a great age about 
the year 1591. He was the author of “ An Explanation 
of difficult Paflages in the Sacred Scriptures;” different 
treatifes againft the lawfulnefs of a Chriftian’s underta¬ 
king offices of civil magiftracy, or bearing arms ; the firft 
impreffion of “ The Catechifm of Racow,” which was 
afterwards altered by Laelius Socinus and Peter Stato- 
rius; and various pieces in the Trinitarian controverfy, 
which are enumerated in Sandii Bibliotli. Antitrinitar . 
PAULIAGUET', a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Upper Loire : nine miles fouth-eaft of Bri- 
otide, and eighteen north-weft of Le Puy. 
PAU'LIAN (Father), an ex-Jefuit, was born at 
Nifmes in France, of a proteftant family ; and died there, 
in the year 1800, having never been ill in the courfe of 
his life. His works are : 1. DiClionnaire de Phyfique, 
which went through feven editions in nine years, and 
which was long the only one ufed in the public fchools 
of France: it is a compilation not deftitute of merit, 
though inferior to that of Briflon. 2. Traite de Paix 
entre Defcartes et Newton, 3 vol. 3. Commentaire fur 
De la Caille et l’Hofpital. 4. Le veritable Syfteme de la 
Nature oppofe au faux Syfteme de la Nature. 5. La Phy¬ 
fique mile a la Portee de tout le Monde : two volumes 
only of this work were printed. 6. DiClionnaire Philofo- 
pho-Theologique. This work, deftined for the defence of 
the Chriftian religion, brought upon the author the hatred 
and farcafms of Voltaire. Father Paulian was a man of a 
mild difpofition: during the revolution he always behaved 
with great circumfpe&ion in the exercife of the prieft- 
h.ood, to which he devoted himfelf. He was a member of 
the academies of Nifmes and Lyons. He has left fome 
unpubli.ffied works; among which are, 7. Memoire furle 
Poids des Montagnes. 8. On Monfters. Phil. Mag. vol. ix. 
PAU'LIANISTS. See Paul of Samofata. 
PAULI'CIANS, a branch of the ancient Manichees, 
fo called from their founder, onePaulus, an Armenian; 
though others are of opinion, that they were thus called 
from another Paul, alfo an Armenian by birth, who lived 
under the reign of Juftinian II. In thefeventh century 
a zealot called Conftantine revived this drooping feCt, 
which had fuffered much from the violence of its adver- 
faries, and was ready to expire under the feverity of the 
imperial edicts, and that zeal with which they were car¬ 
ried into execution. The Paulicians, however, by their 
number, and the countenance of the emperor Nicepho- 
rus, became formidable to all the Eaft. But the cruel 
rage of perfecution, which had for fome years been fuf- 
pendea,.broke forth with redoubled violence under the 
reigns of Michael Curopalates and Leo the Armenian, 
‘ who inflicted capital punifhment on fuch of the Pauli¬ 
cians as refufed to return inta the bofom of the church. 
The emprefs Theodora, tutorefs of the emperor Mi¬ 
chael, in 845, would oblige them either to be converted 
or to quit the empire : upon which feveral of them were 
put to death, and more retired among the Saracens ; but 
they were neither all exterminated nor banifhed. 
Upon this they entered into a league with the Saracens; 
'and, choofing for their chief an officer of the greateft re- 
lolution and valour, whofe name was Carbeus, they de¬ 
clared againft the Greeks a war which was carried on for 
fifty years with the greateft vehemence and fury. Du¬ 
ring thefe commotions, fome Paulicians, towards the 
417 
conclufion of this century, fpread abroad their do&rines 
among the Bulgarians; many of them, either from a 
principle of zeal for the propagation of their opinions, 
or from a natural defire of flying from the perfecution 
which they fuffered under the Grecian yoke, retired about 
the dole of the eleventh century, from Bulgaria and 
Thrace, and formed fettlements in other countries. 
Their firft migration was into Italy; whence, in procefs 
of time, they fent colonies into almoft all the other 
provinces of Europe, and formed gradually a confiderable 
number of religious affemblies, who adhered to their doc¬ 
trine, and who were afterwards perfecuted with theutmoft 
vehemence by the Roman pontiffs. In Italy they were 
called Patarini, from a certain place called Pataria, being 
a part of the city of Milan, where they held their aflem- 
blies; and Gathari or Gazari, from Gazaria, or Little 
Tartary. In France they were called Albigenfes, though 
their faith differed widely from that of the Albigenfes 
whom Proteftant writers generally vindicate. See Al- 
BIGENSES. 
The firft religious aflembly the Paulicians had formed 
in Europe, is faid to have been difcovered at Orleans in 
1017, under the reign of Robert, when many of them 
were condemned to be burnt alive. The ancient Pauli¬ 
cians, according to Photius, exprefied the utmoft abhor¬ 
rence of Manes and his doCtrine. The Greek writers 
comprife their errors under the fix following particulars : 
1. They denied that this inferior and vifible world is the 
production of the Supreme Being ; and they diftinguiffied 
the Creator of the world and of human bodies from the 
moft high God who dwells in the heavens; and hence 
fome have been led to conceive that they were a branch 
of the Gnoftics rather than the Manichaeans. 2. They 
treated contemptuoufly the Virgin Mary 5 or, accordingto 
the ufual manner of fpeaking among the Greeks, they re¬ 
futed to adore and worffiip her. 3. They refufed to cele¬ 
brate the inftitution of the Lord’s Supper. 4. They loaded 
thecrofsof Chrift with contempt and reproach ; by which 
we are only to underftand, that they refufed to follow 
the abfurd and fuperftitious praCtice of the Greeks, who 
paid to the pretended wood of the crofs a certain fort of 
religious homage. 5. They rejected, after the example 
of the greateft part of the Gnoftics, the books of the 
Old Teftament; and looked upon the writers of that fa- 
cred hiftoryas infpired by the Creator of this world, and 
not by the fupreme God. 6. They excluded prefbyters 
and elders from all part in the adminiftration of the 
church. Mojheim, vol. ii. 
PAU'LIEN (St.), a town of France, in the department 
of the Upper Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftriCt of Le Puy. The place contains 2292, and the 
canton 5712, inhabitants. 
PAU'LIN, a town of France, in the department of 
the Tarn : twelve miles eaft of Alby. 
PAU'LINGSTOWN, or Pawling, a townfliip of 
North America, in Duchefs-county, New York, lying on 
the weftern boundary of Connecticut 5 containing 4269 
inhabitants, of whom 34 are flaves. 
PAU'LINSKILL, a river of New Jerfey, which runs 
into the Delaware in lat. 40. 54. N. Ion. 75. 9. E. 
PAULI'NUS (Pontius Meropius), or Paulinus No- 
lanus, a celebrated prelate and ecclefiaftical writer, was 
defcended from a Roman patrician family, and born at 
Burdegala in Gaul, now Bourdeaux, in the year 353. 
He was a pupil of the famous Decius Aufonius, under 
whom he made a confiderable progrels in literature, and 
cultivated the ftudy of rhetoric and poetry with fuccefs. 
Aufonius being afterwards called to Rome, that he 
might be preceptor to the fon of the emperor Gratian, 
Paulinus quitted his native place, and followed him to 
that city, where he acquired much reputation as a pleader 
in the forum. So refpeCtable was the character which he 
eftabliffied, that he was raifed to the confular dignity 
while very young; and he acquitted himfelf in hisfena- 
torial capacity, in a manner that gave univerfal fatisfac- 
3 ‘ tion 
