P A U 
419 
P A U 
was born in 1603 at Roftock. He loft in his childhood 
his father, who had been phyfician to the queen of Den¬ 
mark, but received a royal penfion to enable him to pur- 
fue his ftudies. He travelled into the Low Countries, 
England, France, and Germany 5 and took the degree of 
M. D. at Witremberg in 1630. After praftifing fome 
years at Roftock, he removed to Copenhagen, where he 
occupied the chairs of anatomy, furgery, and botany, in 
the medical college. In 1648 he was nominated court- 
phylician ; and he rofe, in 1656, to the poll of firft phy- 
lician of king Frederic III. He held the fame office under 
Chriftiern V. and died in 1680, at the age of feventy- 
feven. His fervices had been rewarded, in 1666, with the 
prelature of Arhufen, which remained in his family. 
This phyfician publiftied various profeffional works, of 
which thofe relative to botany and the materia medica 
are beft known. His “ Quadripartitum de fimplicium 
Medicamentorum Facultatibus,” firft printed at Roftock 
in 1640, and feveral times reprinted with augmentations, 
is an agreeably-written account of what the ancients have 
recorded concerning the powers of vegetable fimples, to¬ 
gether with the refults of his own experience. It is ar¬ 
ranged according to the four feafons of the year ; and has 
little of botanical or phyfical fcience, but is chiefly de¬ 
voted to pradtice. To the laft edition, the characters of 
plants from Tournefort are added. His “Libellum de 
Ufu et Abufu Tabaci et Herbas These,” 1661, is chiefly 
a fevere cenfure on the ufe of tobacco and tea. In 1648, 
he publilhed “ Flora Danica,” 4to. with figures, chiefly 
from Lobel and other authors. It contains the defcrip- 
tions, fynonyms, and medical virtues, of native Daniffi 
plants, arranged according to the feafons. His “ Viridaria 
Regia varia et academica,” 1653, is a catalogue of plants 
in the botanical gardens of Copenhagen, Paris, Warfaw, 
Oxford, 'Padua, Leyden, and Groningen. Paulli was 
likewife a ftudious cultivator of anatomy, and the firft 
who difleCted human bodies in the theatre at Copenhagen. 
He publiftied feveral orations relative to this fcience, and 
gave the defcription of a method of preparing fkeletons. 
James Henry , fon of the preceding, was brought up to 
phylic, and for fome time filled the anatomical chair at 
Copenhagen. He was afterwards made profeflor of hif- 
tory and royal hiftoriographer; and at length was em¬ 
ployed in affairs of ftate, and ennobled by Chriftiern V. 
on which occafion he took the name of RoJenfchild. He 
publiftied fome anatomical works. Halleri Bibl. Anat. 
et Botan. 
PAULLI'NI (Chriftian-Francis), a phyfician and na- 
turalift, was born in 1643 at Eifenach in Thuringia. He 
ftudied at various univerfities, was crowned poet at Ham¬ 
burgh, made M.A. at Wittemberg, and took the degree 
of M. D. at Leyden. He travelled into feveral of the 
northern countries, and praftifed in his profeflion at 
Hamburgh, Altona, and in Holftein. He received the 
title of Count Palatine for his fervices, and was appointed 
by the prince-biffiop of Munfter to the offices of his firft 
phyfician and hiftoriographer. In 1689, he returned to 
his native place, where he died in 1712. He was a mem¬ 
ber of the academies of the Naturae Curioforum and Ri- 
covrati. This phyfician made himfelf known by feveral 
monographs, or feparate diflertations, on fubjefts in the 
animal and vegetable kingdoms ; fuch as his “ Cynogra- 
phia curiofa; Bufo brevitur defcriptus; Tradlatus de 
Anguilla ; Talpa defcripta; Lagographia curiofa ; Lyco- 
graphia; Onographia; De Lumbrico terreftri; Sacra 
Herba,feu Salvia Defcripta ; De Jalappa; Nucis Mofcha- 
tae Defcriptio.” In thefe, as well as in fome papers com¬ 
municated to the Acad. Naturae Curiof. there is more 
matter of curiofity than exadt obfervation, and a tendency 
is difplayed to fabulous and w’onderful narration. The 
fame may be faid ot his “ Obfervationes Phyfico-Medicae,” 
which, however, contain fome things worthy of obferva¬ 
tion. Rewrote likewife, “ Theatrum Illuftr. Viroruin 
Corbeias Saxonicae,” and fome other works. Halleri Bibl. 
Med. et Anat. 
Vox. XIX. No. 1313. 
PAULLIN'IA, f. [named by Linnaeus in honour of 
Simon Paulli.] In botany, a genus of the clafs oftandria, 
order trigynia, natural order of trihilatae, (fapindi, 
Jiiff.) Generic characters—Calyx: perianthium five¬ 
leaved ; leaflets ovate, concave, fpreading, permanent; 
the two outer oppofite, one of the inner larger. Corolla: 
petals four, obovate, oblong, twice as large as the calyx, 
clawed; two more diftant. NeCtaries two; one four- 
petalled inferted into the claws ot the corolla ; the other 
four glands at the bale of the petals. Stamina : filaments 
eight, Ample, ftiort, united at the bafe. Antherse fmall. 
Piftillum: germen turbinate, three-fided, blunt; ftyles 
three, filiform, ftiort; ftigmas fimple, fpreading. Peri- 
carpium: capfule large, three-fided, three-celled, three- 
valved. Seeds folitary, obovate. EJJential Character — 
Calyx five-leaved; petals four; neftary four-leaved, 
unequal; capfules three, comprefled, membranaceous, 
connate. 
Thefe are climbing ffirubs, throwing out long ftioots 
annually like the vine. Leaves ternate (1 to 4), biter- 
nate (5 to 10), triternate (11, 12), unequally pinnate 
(13 to 16), or fuperdecompound (17). Peduncles foli¬ 
tary, axillary, having two tendrils in the middle, and be¬ 
yond many-flowered in racemes. The chief of what we 
know on this genus is derived from Jacquin and Plunder. 
There are feventeen fpecies. 
i.. Paullinia Afiatica, Afiatic paullinia, or toddaiia : 
leaves ternate, petioles and Item prickly. Stem round, 
covered with prickles. Leaves alternate, on a long flout 
petiole, on which alfo is fometimes a prickle; leaflets 
oval-lanceolate, entire, fmooth, bright-green above, paler 
and almoft alh-coloured underneath. Peduncles very 
long and flout, prickly. Fruit commonly tricoccous, but 
fometimes quadricoccous and even pentacoccous,faffron- 
coloured with black fpots, of an acrid tafte with fome 
fweetnefs. Seed kidney-form, grey or afli-coloured. 
Flowers white, fmelling ftrongly. 
Although the confumption of cinchona bark at the 
prefent period is very fmall in proportion to what it was 
half a century fince, yet, as MM. Humboldt, Bonpland, 
and other travellers, aflert that it appears pr'obable that 
the forefts of Peru and the Andes will, before a century 
is paft, be exhaufted of that valuable remedy, every fub- 
ftance apparently refembling it in its properties merits 
attentive confideration. Many phyficians think that the 
bark of the willow, oak, horfe-chefnut, &c. in our coun¬ 
try, is no mean fubftitute; but it is probable that it is to 
wanner climates we mull look for the mod efficacious 
remedies of this clafs. Dr. Virey, in a Memoir in the 
Journal de Pharmacie, ftates, that M. Bofc has received 
from M. Hubert, a botanift of the Ifle of Bourbon, fome 
fpecimens of the bark of this fpecies, and that it is ge¬ 
nerally employed in the Eaft-Indies, the iflands of Mada- 
gafcar, France, Bourbon, &c. as a febrifuge in place of 
cinchona, with the moll fatisfadlory refults. We are not, 
however, of opinion, that more general experiment will 
report fo favourably of the powers of this plant; for the 
quinine and cinchonine, the two principles in which the 
efficacy of bark refides, do not form any portion of 
this plant. The bark is indeed rolled fomewhat like the 
cinchona, covered with an epidermis of a brown or grey- 
iih colour, interfperfed with yellowifti fpots. The epi¬ 
dermis is about a line in thicknefs, granular in its tiflue, 
and of a bright yellowifit-brown colour: its tafte is 
flightly bitter and aromatic. The interior bark, which 
conftitutes the liber, is thin ; of a reddiffi-brown colour; 
of a Angularly bitter and poignant tafte, fomewhat re¬ 
fembling pepper in warmth, with a mixture of fweetnefs: 
its fradlure does not prefent a refinous appearance. This 
Ihrub is very common in Afia and fome of the African 
iflands : it is defcribed by Rheede, in his Hortus Mala- 
baricus (tom. v.) under the name of kaka-toddali. Schre- 
ber makes it the genus Crantzia ; which has been 
changed into that of Scopolia by Smith and Wildenow, 
under the name of Scopolia aculeata 5 and arranged 
5 P with 
