428 P A U 
common peacock, but much longer than the tail; they 
are of a chefnut brown, with white (hafts, and have at 
tiie end of each a large fpot or fpangle gilded in the mid¬ 
dle, then blue, and furrounded with green : the legs are 
afh-colour, and not fu'rniftied with fpurs. The female is 
fmalier; and differs in having the belly quite black, and 
the upper tail-coverts much (hotter ; the tail green, edged 
with blue, and white fhafts. This inhabits Japan, and 
is only known to Europe by means of a painting, fent 
by the emperor of Japan as a prefen t to the pope. 
Pavo, in aftronomy, a conftellation of the fouthern 
hemifphere, unknown to the ancients, and not vifible 
in our northern parts of the world ; containing fourteen 
ftars. , 
PAVOAS'SAN, a town of Africa, and capital of the 
ifland of St. Thomas, with a good harbour, the refidence 
of the governor and the bifhop. 
PAV'ONE, J'. [Italian.] A peacock: 
And wings it had with fondry colours dight, 
More fondry colours than the proud pavune 
Bears in his boafted fan. Spenfer. 
PAVO'NIA, f in botany. See Hibiscus. 
PAV'ONINE, adj. Belonging to the peacock-kind. 
PAVOO'R, a town of Hindooftan : fifteen miles north- 
welt of Tinevelly. 
PA'VOR, Fear ; a Roman goddefs whofe worlhip was 
introduced by Tillius Hoftilius, who, in a panic, vowed 
a (brine to her, and one to Pallor, Palenefs; and there¬ 
fore they are found on the coins of that family. 
PAUPAKEL'LY, a town of Hindooftan, in Golcon- 
da : twenty miles fouth of Byarem. 
PAUPANAS'SUM, a town of Hindooftan : twenty 
miles weft-fouth-weft of Tinevelly. 
PAUPANASS'Y, a town of Hindooftan, in the Car¬ 
natic.- twelve miles north-eaft of Tanjore. 
PAUTER, f. [Latin.] A poor perfon; one who re¬ 
ceives alms.— Pauper fignifies properly a poor man ; ac¬ 
cording to which w'e have a term in our law, to fue “ in 
forma pauperis ;” that is, if a man or woman having 
caufeof action, and not having ability to fue, the caufe 
of adlion being certified under counfel’s hand, with a 
petition of the party fetting forth their cafe and poverty, 
the judge of the court, whether in common law' or equity, 
will admit the party to fue in forma pauperis; that is, 
afiign them an attorney or clerk, and counfel to defend 
their caufe, and plead for them without fees. See farther 
tin^r the article Costs, vol. v. p. 258. 
No court allows thofe partial interlopers 
Of Law and Equity, twofingle paupers, 
T’ encounter hand to hand at bars, and trounce 
Each other gratis in a fuit at once. Butler's Remains. 
PAU'PERISM, f. The ftate of poverty. 
PAU'REY, a town of Africa, on the Slave Coaft. 
Lat. 6. 10. N. Ion. o. 15. E. 
PAU'RWITZ. See Bauerwitz, vol, ii. 
PAU'SA, a town of Saxony, in the Vogtland: thirteen 
miles north-north-w'eft of Plauen, and feventy-two weft- 
fouth-weft of Drefden. Lat. 50. 31. N. Ion. 11. 58. E. 
PAUSA'NIAS, an eminent Lacedemonian commander, 
was the fon of Cleombrotus, and nephew of Leonidas, 
who fell at Thermopylae. He was appointed guardian 
of his minor coufin, Pliftarchus, fon of that king; in 
right of which office, during the abfence of the other 
king he polTefled the chief magistracy. When Mardo- 
nius, the Perfian general, invaded Greece with a mighty 
boft, Paufanias was appointed commander in chief of the 
allied army railed to oppofe him. After fomefkilful ma¬ 
noeuvres, in which he appears, by a feigned retreat, to 
have throwm thePerfians into diforder, Paufanias brought 
on a general engagement at Plataea, B. C. 479, in which 
Mardonius was entirely defeated with great (laughter, 
and killed in the field. With the affiftance of the Athe¬ 
nians, who, during the battle, had been engaged againft 
P A U 
fome Greeks in the Perfian intereft, the camp of Mardo¬ 
nius was taken, with a vaft booty. Paufanias (howed a 
noblenefs of mind in rejefliiig the propofal of one of the 
leaders, that the body of the Perfian general fhould be 
fought for, in order to be treated with the fame indignity 
thathad been offered tothat of Leonidas. Healfogave a ftri- 
kingleflon to jhe Greeks,,by ordering the Perfian cooks 
to prepare fuch a banquet as their mafter was wont to 
partake of, whilft his own fervants were to drefs a fimple 
Spartan meal, and then pointing out to his officers the 
folly of a luxurious people coming to conquer a poor and 
hardy one. He next proceeded to puni(h the traitors to 
the caufe of Greece; and, marching to Thebes, obliged 
that city to deliver up the heads of the Perfian party, 
whom he put to death. 
The effect of fuccefs upon his own mind, however, 
was to nourifti a fpirit of pride and arrogance, and 
infpire ambitious defigns. He afiumed to liimfelf 
all the honour of the battle ofPlatasa; and upon a 
golden tripod, w-hich he prefented to the temple of 
Delphi, he put an infcription, recording only his own 
name as author of the victory. The command of the 
united fleet being given him for the purpofe of freeing 
the Grecian cities from the Perfian garrifons, he behaved 
with great partiality to his own countrymen, and treated 
the other officers with haughtinefs, and the common 
men with feverity; whilft the juftice of Ariftides, and the 
affability of Cimon, gained all hearts, and reftored to 
the Athenians the naval fupremacy of Greece. Paufa¬ 
nias performed what was enjoined him at Cyprus and 
Byzantium; and, having at the latter place taken cap¬ 
tive feveral noble Perfians, among whom w'ere fome of 
the royal kindred, he fent them to Xerxes with a letter, 
propoiing a private alliance with that king, on the con¬ 
dition of being made ruler of Greece under his autho¬ 
rity. Some fufpicions of this negociation getting abroad, 
he was recalled to Sparta, and underwent a trial for his 
life; but, no fufficient evidence being brought againft him, 
he was fined and liberated. 
Returning to the army, inftead of afting with more 
caution, he openly adopted the Perfian habit and man¬ 
ners, and went into all the exceffes of that luxury which 
he had decried. It would appear that his mind was fome- 
what difordered in conlequence of the following tragical 
incident. Having been captivated with the charms of 
Cleonice, a young woman of good family at Byzantium, 
her parents, not daring to refufe his folicitations, obliged 
her to comply with his defires. In order to fave her 
blufhes,. (lie requefted that the lights might be extin- 
guifhed when (he (hould enter his chamber. It unfortu¬ 
nately happened that in the dark (he (tumbled over one 
of the lamps; the noife of which fuddenly awakening 
Paufanias, he fancied an affaffin was coming to murder- 
him, and, darting up, plunged a dagger into her bread. 
When he difcovered the fatal error, he was almoft dif- 
trafted, and from that time imagined that the blood of 
his Cleonice perpetually demanded vengeance. He left 
Byzantium, and repaired to Heraclea, where he found 
perfons who pretended to evoke and pacify the fpirits of 
the deceafed. Thatof Cleonice w\as called up before him, 
and made to fay to him, “When you come to Sparta, 
you will find a termination to your fufferings.” He went 
thither, (bill occupied with his plot of betraying his coun¬ 
try to the Perfians. For this purpofe, he carried on a 
correfpondence with Artabazus, a fatrap ; and all the 
meflengers he fent were put to death, that they might 
not betray him on their return. It is faid that he in vain 
attempted to engage Themiftocles, then an exile, to con¬ 
cur in his meafures. Becoming at length impatient, he 
wrote a peremptory letter to Artabazus, which he com¬ 
mitted to one Argilius, his particular favourite. The 
young man, alarmed by the non-appearance of any former 
meflengers, unfealed the packet; and, finding a direction 
to put him to death, immediately difclofed the matter to the 
ephori. In order to obtain a fuller proof againft Paufanias, 
