P A U 
the magiftrates dire&ed Argilius, as if" In fear of his life, to 
take refuge in the temple of Neptune at Taenarus, cau- 
fing at the fame time a cavity to be dug^near the altar, in 
which fome of them lay concealed. Paufanias, hearing 
of his having taken fandtuary, repaired thither, much 
difturbed, and afked him the reafon of his proceeding. 
A converfation enfued, which fully allured the ephori of 
his guilt, and they refolved to apprehend him. Be¬ 
coming apprized of their intention, he fled to the temple of 
Minerva, called Chalcioecus, the inviolable fandlity of 
which threw them into fome perplexity. While they 
were in doubt what to do, the truly Spartan mother of 
Paufanias brought a brick, and fet it againft the door of 
the temple ; her example was followed, till he was com¬ 
pletely immured. When he was dead with hunger, his 
body was brought out, and interred by his friends. In 
fuch a wretched manner did this great but vicious man 
terminate his days, B. C. 474. 
After his death there w'as a feftival and folemn games in- 
ftituted to his honour, in which only free-born Spartans 
contended. There was alfo an oration fpoken in his 
praife, in which his adtions were celebrated, parti¬ 
cularly the battle of Plattea, and the defeat of Mar- 
donius. 
PAUSA'NIAS, a Greek topographical writer, flou- 
rilhed in the fecond century, under Adrian and the An- 
tonines. If he was the fame orator or grammarian whom 
Phiioftratus records under that name, he was a native 
of Crefarea in Cappadocia, and ftudied under the cele¬ 
brated Herodes Atticus. His provincial pronunciation 
impeded his fuccefs as a fpeaker; but he obtained repu¬ 
tation by his compofitions. He declaimed both at Athens 
and Rome, in which laft capital he died at an advanced 
age. From the writings of Paufanias himfelf we derive 
very little information concerning his life. He feems to 
have travelled extenfively, and, befides his extant work on 
Greece, he compofed defcriptions of Syria and Phoenicia. 
The “ Defcription of Greece” by Paufanias, though 
not a very well-written performance, is highly valuable 
to the antiquary, and contains much, information no 
where elfe to be met with. It is a kind of itinerary 
through Greece, in ten books, in which the author 
notes every thing remarkable that fell under his obferva- 
tion, fuch as temples, theatres, fepulchres, ftatues, paint¬ 
ings, public monuments of all kinds, the lites and di- 
menfions of ruined cities, and the fcenes of important 
tranfadtions. In fome parts he gives hiftorical details, 
and in thofe, his ftyle, which is ordinarily common and 
negligent, rifes to a degree of dignity. His work abounds 
with fabulous narrations, but fuch as were traditionally 
connected with the places defcribed ; whence he does not 
feem to deferve Julius Scaliger’s fevere epithet of “ Grse- 
culorum omnium mendaciflimus.” What he himfelf 
faw, there is no reafon tofuppofe that he mifreprefented. 
Paufanias was firft publifhed from the prefs of Aldus in 
1516 by the care of Marcus Mufurus. The beft edition 
has been reckoned that of Joach. Kuhnius, Gr. and Lat. 
folio, Lipf. 1696 ; but it is probably excelled by the mo¬ 
dern one of J. F. Facius, Lipf. 1794-97, 4 vols. 8vo. Vof- 
fii Hifi. Grac. 
PAU'SARY,/. [ paufarius , Lat.] An officer among 
the Romans, who, in the folemn pomps or procefiions of 
thegoddefs Ifis, diredted the flops or paufes. In thefe 
ceremonies, there were frequent ftands, at places pre¬ 
pared for the purpofe, wherein the ftatues of Ifis and 
Anubis were fet down ; much after the manner of refting- 
places in the proceflion of the holy facrament in the 
Romifh church. From an iufcription quoted by Salma- 
fius it appears that the Romans had a kind of college or 
corporation of paufaries. 
Pausary was alfo a name given to an officer in the 
Roman galleys, who gave the lignal to the rowers, and 
marked the times and paufes; to the end they might act 
in concert, and row all together. This was always done 
Vol. XIX. No. 1314. 
P A U 427 
with a mufical inftrument. Hyginus fays, that in the 
fhip Argo, Orpheus did the office with his lyre. 
PAUSE, J'. [paufe, F r. paufa, low Lat. ttcoicj, Gr.] A 
flop ; a place or time of intermiflion.—Our difcourfe is 
not kept up in converfation, but falls into more paufes 
and intervals than in our neighbouring countries. Addi- 
fon’s Sp.ediator. 
What paufe from woe, what hopes of comfort, bring 
The names of wife or great? Prior . 
Sufpenfe; doubt: 
Like a man to double bufinefs bound, 
I ftand in paufe where I fhall firft begin, 
And both neglect. Shakefpeare's 1 Hamlet. 
Break; paragraph ; apparent feparation of the parts of a 
difcourfe.—He writes with warmth, which ufually ne¬ 
glects method, and thofe partitions and paufes which men, 
educated in the fchools, obferve. Loclie. 
To PAUSE, v. n. To wait ; to flop ; not to proceed ; to 
forbear for a time, ufed both of fpeech and adtion.— 
Tarry; paufe a day or two, before you hazard. Shake- 
fpeare. 
As one who on his journey baits at noon, 
Though bent on fpeed, fo here the archangel paus'd 
Between a world deftroy’d and world reftor’d. Milton. 
To deliberate.—Solyman paufing a little upon the matter, 
the heat of his fury being over, fiuffered himfelf to be in- 
treated. Knolles. 
Bear Worcefter to death, and Vernon too ; 
Other offenders we will paufe upon. Shakfpearc. 
To be intermitted : 
What awe did the flow folemn knell infpire, 
The pealing organ, and the paufing choir, 
And the laft words, that dufl to duft convey’d! Tickell. 
PAU'SER, f He who paufes; he who deliberates: 
The expedition of my violent love 
Outruns the paufer, reafon. Sliakefpeare's Macbeth. 
PAU'SIAS, an eminent painter of antiquity, flourifhed 
about 350 B. C. He was a native of Sicyon. He was in- 
ftrudted in the branch of painting called encauftic by 
Pamphilus, and was the firft who became famous in if. 
He was likewife the firft who adorned chambers with 
painted ceilings. He underftood the art of fore-fhorten- 
ing, which Pliny defcribes by faying that, when he wiflied 
to give an idea of the length of an ox, he did not, as was 
the former pradtice, place it tranfverfely to the eye, but 
vertically, yet produced the full effedt by the difpofition 
of the lights and fliades. He feems, alfo, to have been 
the firft flower-painter ; for, having in his youth been 
enamoured of Glycera, a maker of garlands, he attempt¬ 
ed by his art to imitate the beauties of nature which (he 
had afforted, and copied a great variety of flowers. At 
length he made a portrait of Glycera fitting with a gar¬ 
land, which was one of his moll famous performances, 
and was known by the name of Stcphanep'locos. He 
chiefly painted fmall pieces; one of which, reprefenting a 
boy, was called Hemerefios, as being finifhed in a Angle 
day. He alfo executed fome large works, among which 
was a facrifice, in Pompey’s portico, containing the 
figure of the ox above alluded to. He palfed his life at 
Sicyon, which was long regarded as the proper country 
of painting. The debts of the ftate having obliged the 
Sicyonians to fell their pictures, thofe of Paufias were 
brought to Rome in the edilefhip of Scaurus, where, as 
we learn from a line in the Satires of Horace, they were 
a great objedt of admiration to the connoilfeurs. Plinii 
Hijl. Nat. xxxv. 
PAUSIL'IPO, a celebrated mountain and grotto, 
near the city of Naples. It took its name from a viiLa 
of Vedius Pollio, eredted in the time of Auguftus, and 
called Paulilypam , from the effect which its beauty was 
5 R fuppofed 
