436 PEA 
profeffor of philofophy, and afterwards of divinity, at the 
college of Gratz, in Styria, in which polls he acquitted 
himfelf with univerfal fatisfaiSlion and applaufe. After¬ 
wards he devoted himfelf to millions in different parts of 
the kingdom, and is faid to have had great fuccefs in op- 
poling the progrefs of the reformed opinions, and in 
bringing back many wanderers to the fold .of the catho¬ 
lic church. By his zeal and a£livity he fo powerfully re¬ 
commended himfelf to the emperor Matthias, and the 
principal Hungarian nobility, that, upon a vacancy ta¬ 
king place in the archiepifcopal fee of Gran, or Strigo- 
nia, he was nominated to that ftation, and by the com¬ 
mand of the pope, againft his own inclination, obliged to 
accept it. Being by this appointment primate of the 
kingdom, he afiiduoufly exerted himfelf in eftablilhing a 
ftriift difcipline, and correcting the relaxed manners of 
the Hungarian clergy. For the encouragement of litera¬ 
ture, he alfo founded colleges at Prefburg, Pofen, and 
other places. In the year 1629, at the folicitation of the 
emperor Ferdinand II. pope Urban VIII. promoted him 
to the purple: by the fame prince he was afterwards 
fent ambalfador to the court of Rome. He died at Pofen 
in 1637, when on his journey towards Vienna, to attend 
the councils of the emperor Ferdinand III. Hepublilhed, 
1. ACta et Decreta Synodi Dicecefanae Strygonienlis, cele- 
bratas Tyrnauiae, 1629, 4to. which will be ufeful to the 
ecclefiaftical hiltorian. 2. Sermons on the Gofpels for 
all the Sundays, and feveral of the Feftivals, throughout 
the Year, 1636, folio, in the Hungarian language. 3. A 
Collection of Prayers, 8vo. in the fame language, which 
has undergone numerous impreilions ; and a multitude 
of doctrinal, practical, and controverlial, treatifes, in 
Hungarian and Latin, of which a long lift is given in Sot- 
velli Bib!. Script. Soc. Jefu. Gen. Biog. 
PAZZA'NO, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra: 
nineteen miles north-north-eaft of Gierace. 
PE-CHOU'I, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Chen-fi : twenty-live miles north-weft of Tong. 
PE-HING', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Chan-tong : twenty miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Pin. 
PE-HO', a town of China, of the third rank, in Chen-fi, 
on the Han river : thirty-feven miles eaft of Hing-ngan. 
PE-KIANG V , a river of China, which rifes near Nan- 
yang, in the north part of the province of Quantong, 
and runs into the river of Canton thirty miles below 
Canton. 
PEA, / [pifum, Lat. pifo, Ital. pifa, Sax. pois, Fr.] 
See Pisum. —A pea hath a papilionaceous flower, and 
out of his empalement rifes the pointal, which becomes 
a long pod full of roundilh feeds ; the ftalks are fiftulous 
and weak, and feetn to perforate the leaves by which they 
are embraced ; the other leaves grow by pairs along the 
midrib, ending in a tendril. Miller. —The plural is peafe, 
formerly peafon, which however is ftill fpoken in feveral 
parts of England.— Peafe, deprived of any aromatic parts, 
are mild and demulcent; but, being full of aerial parti¬ 
cles, are flatulent. Arbutlinot. 
Sowe peafon and beans in the u’ane of the moon ; 
Who foweth them fooner, he fow'eth too foone. Tuffer. 
Peafe was formerly ufed as the lingular number.—The 
vaunting poets found nought worth a peafe. Spenfer's 
Shcp. Cal. 061. —A bit of marmalade, no bigger than a 
peafe. Beaum. and FI. Doub. Marriage. 
Pea, Everlafting. See Lathyrus. 
-, Heart. See Cardiospermum. 
- , Pigeon. See Cytisus. 
-, Sweet. See Lathyrus. 
-, Wing. See Lotus. 
PE'A-STONE, in mineralogy. See PisoLithus. 
PEACE,/ [paix, Fr. pax, Lat.] Refpite from war.— 
Preferve us in peace; fo preferve us in pence, that war 
may be always more odious to us than neceflity. Holyday. 
The Dane and Swede, rouz’d up to fierce alarms, 
Blefs the wife conduct of her pious arms; 
PEA 
Soon as her fleets appear, their terrours ceafe, 
And all the northern world lies hulh’d in peace. Addifon. 
Quiet from fuits or difturbances.—The king gave judg¬ 
ment againft Warren, and commanded that Sherborn 
Ihould hold his land in peace. Davies. —Reft from any 
commotion. Stillnefs from riots or tumults.—All aflem- 
bled here in arms againft God’s peace and the king’s, we 
charge you to repair to your dwelling-places. Shakefpeare. 
—Shallow, you have yourfelf been a great lighter, though 
now a man of peace. Shakefpeare's M. W. of Windfor. — 
Reconciliation of differences.—Let him make peace with 
me. lfaiah, xxvii. 5.— State not hoftile.—If I have re¬ 
warded evil unto him that was at peace with me, let the 
enemy perfecute my foul. Pfalm vii. 4. —Seldom ufed 
in the plural.—There be two falfe peaces or unities : the 
one grounded upon an implicit ignorance. Bacon. —Reft ; 
quiet ; content ; freedom from terror ; heavenly reft.— 
Peace be unto thee ; fear not, thou lhalt not die. Judges 
vi. 23.—The God of hope fill you with all joy and peace 
in believing, that you may abound in hope. Rom.xv. 13. 
—Religion directs us rather to fecure inward peace than 
outward eafe, to be more careful to avoid everlafting tor¬ 
ment than light afflictions. Tillotfon. —Silence ; fuppref- 
flon of the thoughts.—In an examination, a freed fer- 
vant, who had much power with Claudius, very faucily 
had almoft all the words; and, amongft other things, he 
alked in fcorn one of the examinates, who was a freed 
fervant of Scribonianus ; I pray, fir, if Scribonianus had 
been emperor, what would you have done ? he anfwered, 
I would have flood behind his chair and held my peace. 
Bacon. 
’Twill out. I peace! 
No, I will fpeak as liberal as the air. Shakefpeare. 
She faid; and held her peace: ZEneas went 
Sad from the cave. Dryden. 
Peace, in its general lignification, Hands in oppofition. 
to war. The right of making war and peace is one of 
the prerogatives of the king. In order to make a war 
completely effectual, it is neceftary with us in England, 
that it be publicly declared, and duly proclaimed by 
the king’s authority; and then all parts of both the con¬ 
tending nations, from the higheft to the lowed, are bound 
by it. And, wherever the right refides of beginning a 
national war, there alfo mull refide the right of ending 
it, or the power of making peace. 
Peace is that defirable ftate, in which every one quietly 
enjoys his rights, or, if controverted, they are difcuffed 
with mildnels and argument. Hobbes has dared to fay 
that war is the natural ftate of man. But furely, if, by 
natural ftate of man, we underftand that to which he is 
deftined and called by his nature, peace Ihould much ra¬ 
ther be termed his natural ftate; for a rational being 
fliould terminate his differences by rational methods 
whereas to decide them by force is proper to beafts. 
Man alone, and deftitute or fuccour, would neceffarily 
be very miferable ; without commerce and the aflillance 
of his fpecies, he could have no enjoyment of his life ; he 
could neither difplay his faculties, nor live in a manner 
fuitable to his nature : thefe particulars are only to be 
found in peace. It is therefore only in this defirable 
ftate that men regard, fuccour, and love, each other: this 
is fo happy a condition, that they would never quit it 
were they not blinded by the impetuofity of paflion, and 
the grofs deceptions of felf-love. The various calami- 
ties attending war are at prefent too well known, from 
fad experience, in many parts of Europe; and it is a me¬ 
lancholy confideration, that the injuftice of the wicked 
ihould fo often render it inevitable. 
Nations, truly humane, who have a proper fenfe of 
their duty, and underftand their true and fubftantial in- 
terefts, will never purfue their advantage to the detri¬ 
ment of another. However intent they may be on their 
own happinefs, they will take care to unite it with that 
of 
