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P E D 
painng through certain places. Pedage is ufually levied 
tor the repairing of roads, bridges, and, caufeways, the 
paving of ftreets, &c.—Anciently, thofe who had the 
right of pedage, were to keep the roads fecure, and anfwer 
for all robberies committed on the paffengers between 
fun and fun; which is ftill obfervedin fome parts of Eng¬ 
land and in Italy. Chambers. 
PEDAGOG'IC, or Pedagogical, adj. [from peda¬ 
gogue.'] Suiting or belonging to a fchoolmatter.—In the 
pedagogic character he alfo publifhed Holcot’s [Huloet’s] 
diftionary. War ton's Hifi. E. P. —Thofe pedagogical 
Jehu’s, thofe furious fchool-drivers. South's i Serm. on 
Education. 
PED'AGOGISM, f [from pedagogue.] Office or cha- 
rafter of a pedagogue.—Now the worm of criticifm works 
in him, he will tell us the derivation of “ German rutters, 
of meat, and of ink which doubtlefs, rightly applied 
with fome gall in it, may prove good to heal this tetter 
of pedagogifm that befpreads them. Miltons Apol.for 
Stneilymn. 
PEDAGOGUE, f. [pedagagus, Lat. zra.t^ix.yuyog, Gr. 
of won;, a boy, and a-yu, to guide.] One who teaches boys ; 
a fchoolmafter; a pedant.—If thou halt fons, in the firft 
place be careful of their pedagogue, that he be modeft, fo- 
ber, learned. Sir M. Sandy s's Eff. 1634..—Fleury ob- 
ferves, that the Greeks gave the name pedagogues to 
(laves appointed to tend their children, lead them, teach 
them to walk, condudf them to fchool, &c. The Ro¬ 
mans alfo give the fame denomination to the tlaves who 
were entrufted with the care and inftrudtion of their chil¬ 
dren. Chambers. 
Few pedagogues but curfe the barren chair, 
Like him who hang’d himfelf for mere defpair 
And poverty. Dryden. 
To PED'AGOGUE, v. a. To teach with fuperciliouf- 
nefs : 
This may confine their younger ftiles, 
Whom Dryden pedagogues at Will’s ; 
But never cou’d be meant to tie 
Authentic wits like you and I. Prior. 
PEDAGOGY, f Preparatory difeipline. — The old 
fabbath appertained to the pedagogy and rudiments of 
the law; and therefore, when the great Matter came and 
fulfilled all that was prefigured by it, it then ceafed. 
White. —In time, the reafon of men ripening to fuch a 
pitch as to be above the pedagogy of Mofes’s rod and 
the difeipline of types, God thought fit to difplay the 
fubltanee without the fliadovv. South. 
PEDAH'ZAR, [Heb. a powerful deliverer.] A man’s 
name. 
PEDAI'AH, [Heb. the redemption of the Lord.] A 
man’s name. 
PE'DAL, adj. [pedalis , Lat.] Belonging to a foot. 
PED'AL, f One of thofe large pipes of fome organs, 
which are fo called becaufe played upon and llopt with 
the foot. 
PEDA'LIUM, f. [a Greek name, chofen for this plant 
by profefior David van Royen, in allufion, as it feems, to 
the fhape of the fruit. n-ecia^ov is, as profefior Martyn 
fays, the “ rudder of a fliip,” which each dilated angle, 
or wing, of the part-in queftion, fomewhat refembles ; 
but the Greek W'ord alfo means “a ftud, button, or 
head of a nail,” and the regular or artificial figure of the 
whole fruit, reticulated like filagree, might well fugged 
fuch an application of it here.] In botany a genus of 
the clafs didynamia, order angiofpermia, natural order 
of luridse, (bignonise, Jaff.) Generic characters—Ca¬ 
lyx : perianthium five-parted, fmall, permanent; the 
upper fegment very (hort; the lowed longer. Corolla: 
one-petalled, fubringent; tube three-cornered, with the 
belly flat: border five-cleft, wide, oblique: fegments 
rounded; upper ones fmaller, lowed wider. Stamina: 
filaments four, glandular-hairy at the bafe, fliorter than 
P E D 
the tube: two fliorter than the other two. Anthers 
cordate, twin, terminated by a gland : rudiment of a fifth 
filament between the fliorter flamens, with a very fmall 
anther. Piflillum : germ conical; flyle the length of the 
damens. Stigma bifid ; the upper fegment reflex, the 
lower revolute. Pericarpium : drupe juicelefs, ovate- 
pyramidal, four-cornered, the corners thorny towards 
the bafe. Seed: nut covered with bony fibres varioufly 
interwoven, four-winged, two-celled. Nucleufes two, 
oblong, covered with an aril; one lower. There is a 
void cell, below the fertile ones.— Effential CharaSer. 
Calyx five-parted; corolla fubringent, with a five-cleft 
border; nut tuberous, four-cornered, thorny at the cor¬ 
ners, two-celled ; feeds two. 
Pedalium murex, or prickly-fruited pedalium, a tingle 
fpecies. Stem fimple. Leaves oppofite, obovate, blunt, 
toothed, truncated, naked, with the petioles glandular dn 
each fide. Flowersaxillary, folitary, fmall. Fruit nod¬ 
ding. According to Jufiieu, it is a trichotomous herb, 
with oppofite leaves. (Burman deferibes them as alter¬ 
nate, but perhaps his is a different fpecies.) Flowers ax¬ 
illary, fubfolitary. It has nearly the fame fruit with 
Tropa; and the habit of Martynia. Of the fame genus 
with this, or of a genus nearly allied to it is Planta Eu- 
phrafise affinis, Pluk. t. 373, f. z. referred by Linnaeus to 
Torenia. This plant, whilft it is in flower, fmells very 
ftrong of malk. Native of the Eaft Indies. Introduced 
in 1778, by the late fir Jofeph Banks, bart. It flowers in 
Auguft and September; and is an annual plant. 
PEDA'NEOUS, adj. Going on foot. 
PEDA'NEUS, J\ in the Roman civil law, a petty judge 
who had no formal feat of juflice, but heard caufes Hand¬ 
ing and without any tribunal. The word feems formed 
from Jlans in pedibus: and is ufed among the ancients by 
wav of oppofition to thofe magiflrates who were feated 
in the curule chair, in fella curuli, or had a tribunal or 
bench raifed on high. The Roman pedanei, therefore, 
were fuch as had no tribunal nor pretorium; but rendered 
juflice depiano, or piano pede. From the eighty-fecond 
Novel, it appears that the emperor Zeno eftablithed thefe 
pedanei in the fee of every province; and that Juftinian 
erefted feven of them at Conftantinople, in manner of an 
office : granting them power to judge in any fum as high 
as three hundred crowns. 
PED'ANT, f. [French.] A fchoolmafter.— A pedant 
that keeps a fchool i’the church. Shakejpeare. 
The boy, who fcarce has paid his entrance dowm 
To his proud pedant, or declin’d a noun. Dryden. 
A man vain of low knowledge ; a man awkwardly often- 
tatious of his literature.—The preface has fo much of 
th e pedant, and fo little of the converfation of men in it, 
that I (hall pafs it over. Addifon, 
In learning let a nymph delight, 
The pedant gets a miftrefs by’t. Swift. 
Purfuit of fame with pedants fills our fchools, 
And into coxcombs burnifhes our fools. Young. 
PEDAN'TIC, or Pedantic al, adj. Awkwardly often- 
tatious of learning.—Mr. Cheeke had eloquence in the 
Latin and Greek tongues; but, for other fufficiencies, 
pedantic enough. Hayward. —When we fee any thing in 
an old fatirilt that looks forced and pedantic, we ought 
to confider how it appeared in the time the poet writ. 
AddiJ'on. —A fpirit of contradiction is fo pedantic and 
hateful, that a man ffiould watch againft every inftance 
of it. Watts. —We now believe the Copernican fyftem ; 
yet we fliall ftill ufe the popular terms of fun-rife and fun- 
fet, and not introduce a new pedantic defeription of them 
from the motion of the earth. Bentley. —The obfeurity 
is brought over them by ignorance and age, made yet 
more obfeure by their pedantical elucidators. Felton. 
PEDAN'TIC ALLY, or Pedanticly, adv. With 
awkward oftentation of literature.—The earl of Rofcom- 
mon has excellently rendered it; too faithfully is, indeed, 
pedantically; 
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