P E D 
455 
of Santalee to its junction with the MifTifiippi, a didance, 
with its windings, little ftiort of 4000 miles. This gen¬ 
tleman, in attempting to get to England, had been twice 
captured by French privateers out of Charleftown, and 
dripped of every thing valuable about him ; but had the 
good fortune to fave his journals and notes, which are 
intended fhortly for publication. He came to England 
in his majefty’s fhip the Thifbe.” 
PEDES'TRIOUS, adj. Not winged ; going on foot.'—• 
Men conceive they never lie down, and enjoy not the po- 
fitionof reft, ordained unto all pedeflrious animals. Brown. 
PEDICELLA'RIA, f. the Stalked Worm § in na¬ 
tural hiftory, a genus of the clafs vermes, order mollufca. 
Generic chara£ters-—Body foft, and feated on a rigid 
ftiff peduncle; aperture lingle. There are three fpecies. 
1. Pedicellaria globifera : head fpherical, reddifh, with 
the appearance of a fmall cherry ; no neck ; peduncle or 
ftem tawny. This is fhown on the Helminthology Plate 
III. fig. 7. in our ninth volume. 
2. Pedicellaria triphylla : head three-lobed 5 lobes 
fometimes nearly fquare, and unarmed; neck round. 
The head has reddifh or hyaline lobes, fometimes ovate 5 
the neck is flexuous and blue ; the peduncle or ftem is of a 
chefnut-brown. See the preceding Plate, at p. 448. where 
the lobes of the head are fhown both fhut and open, and 
of the natural fize, at fig. 7. the fame magnified at fig. 8, 
9. and a variety with the lobes fquare, and greatly mag¬ 
nified, at fig. 10. 
3. Pedicellaria tridens: head three-lobed ; lobes oval, 
and awned 5 neck round. The neck is frnooth and hya¬ 
line, fometimes reddifh ; the lobes of the head are fome¬ 
times four, and thrice as long as the neck, rarely un¬ 
armed with awns; the peduncle is reddifh, and three 
times as long as the neck. This is fhown, with the awns 
fhut and open, in three pofitions, of the natural fize, at 
fig. 11. magnified at fig. 12, 13, 14. a four-awned variety 
at fig. 15. a variety without awns,fig. 16. All the fpecies 
and their varieties inhabit the Northern Seas among the 
fpines of the Echini. 
PED'ICLE, f. [pedicellus, a diminutive of pcs, Lat. a 
foot.] Footftalk; that little ftalk whereby the leaf, fruit, 
or flower, is fuftajhed, and connefted to its branch or 
ftem.—Flowers will keep frefh a long time after gather¬ 
ing, by immerging their pedicles in water. The great 
fecret of preferving fruits for.the winter is to feal up 
their pedicles with wax. Cherries with the fhorteft pedi¬ 
cles are efteemed the bell. The piftil of the flower fome¬ 
times becomes the pedicle of the fruit. Chambers. 
PEDIC'UXAR, adj. [ pedicularis , from pediculus, a 
loufe, Lat. pediculaire, Fr.] Having the phthiriafis, or 
loufy diftemper. See Pediculus. 
PEDICULA'RIS, f. [from pediculus , Lat. a loufe; 
which alludes to a quality attributed to forne of the fpe¬ 
cies, of making fheep loufy that feed upon them. This 
report might perhaps arife, as with refpeft to the Drofera 
and Hydrocotyle, from their growing in watery paftures, 
where fheep become unhealthy and fcabby, whether they 
feed on any of thefe herbs, which is very doubtful, or not.] 
Louse-wort; a very noble and beautiful genus of plants, 
(notwithftanding its unpromifing name,) of the clafs di- 
dynamia, order angiofpermia, natural order of perfonatse, 
(pediculares, Juff.) Generic characters—Calyx s peri- 
anthium one-leafed, roundifh, ventricofe; with a five- 
cleft equal mouth; permanent. Corolla : one-petalled, 
ringent; tube oblong, gibbous s upper lip galeate, ere£l, 
comprefled, emarginate, narrower: lower fpreading, flat, 
half-three-cleft, blunt: middle fegment narrower. Sta¬ 
mina : filaments four, the length of the upper lip, under 
which they lie concealed: two fhorter; anthers incum¬ 
bent, roundifh, comprefled. Piflillum : germen round¬ 
ifh ; ftyle filiform, in the fame fituation with the ftamens, 
but longer; ftigma blunt, bent in. Pericarpium : capfule 
roundifh, mucronate, oblique, two-celled, opening at 
top; partition contrary. Seeds: feveral,ovate, angular; 
receptacle fubglobular, in the bafe of the capfule. Effen~ 
Vol. XIX. No. 1316. 
FED 
tial Cfrara&er. Calyx five-cleft; capfule two-celled, 
mucronate, oblique 5 feeds coated. There are nineteen 
fpecies. 
1. Pedicularis paluftris, marfh loufe-wort, or red rattle: 
ftem branched, calyxes crefted callous-dotted, lip of the 
corollas oblique. Root annual. Stem about a foot high, 
upright, angular, purplifh, hollow, branched. Leaves 
bipinnatifid; or pinnate with about ten pairs of long 
pinnas, which are femipinnate with fhort indented pin¬ 
nules. Leaves and flowers diftant. Flowers axillary, 
folitary, on fhort peduncles, forming a loofe fpike 5 co¬ 
rolla purple, varying to white : helmet with a little tooth 
on each fide, not notched at the end ; lower lip fringed 
with fine foft hairs. Native of many parts of Europe, 
particularly the northern parts, in marfhes and wet mea¬ 
dows; flowering in June and July. It is an unwelcome 
gueft in meadows, being difagreeable to cattle, and 
thought by fome to be definitive to fheep : it is fome- 
what cauftic, and feems to be feldom eaten. 
2. Pedicularis fylvatica, common or heath loufe-wort: 
or red-rattle: ftem branched, calyxes oblong angular 
even, lip of the corollas cordate. Stem very fhort. 
Branches from the root, long, fpreading clofe to the 
ground. Leaves limply pinnate, with roundifh acutely- 
ferrate pinnas. Floral leaves deeply divided: fegments 
toothed. Leaves and flowers crowded. Flowers in a' 
duller at the top of the plant, and fparingly on the 
branches; calyx green within, purplifh without, nearly 
half as long as the corolla, one of the clefts much deeper; 
fegments toothed, that oppofite to the deepeft cleft nar- 
roweft; corolla purple, much more flender than the 
calyx : tube comprefled : upper lip with a little tooth on 
each fide; lower lip with three divifions, the middle feg¬ 
ment a little fmaller. Native of many parts of Europe 
and Siberia, in wet paftures and heaths, alfo in woods ; 
flowering in June. The exprefled juice, or a deco&ion 
of this plant, has been ufed with advantage as an injec¬ 
tion for finuous ulcers. 
The calyx is commonly fa id to be five-cleft, with one 
fegment very fmall and often Ample; the other four- 
crefted. To Villars it appeared to be four-cleft, like that 
of the preceding, from which it is diftinguiflied by'being 
a much fmaller plant, frequently only two or three in¬ 
ches in height, whereas the other is fometimes eighteen 
inches, and in warm climates two and even three feet 
high : procumbent; and the flowers longer. 
/ 3 . A very remarkable variety of this fpecies is noticed 
by Dr. Smith, prefident of the Linnaean Society, in the 
tenth volume of their Tranfations, p. 227. It confifts, 
fays Dr. Smith, of a folitary flower of that plant, which, 
in Head of its proper ringent form, with two long and two 
fhort ftamens, has a falver-fhaped regular corolla, with fix 
ftamens, four of which are longer than the others. There 
is alfo what appears to be the ftyle partly changed to a 
petal, and yet bearing a membranous expanfion like one 
fide of an anther. I conceive therefore that this is really 
an attempt at a feventh ftamen, though become partly a 
petal. There is however no other fign of a ftyle. “This 
fpecinjen is very interefting to me, as being another in- 
ftance of the fame kind of variety as I have noticed in 
Galeopfis tetrahit at Matlock, (fee FI. Lapponica, ed. 
2, 201.) I have alfo had in my own garden feme regular 
falver-fhaped flowers of Chelone barbata on the very 
fame branch with the proper ringent ones. Such acci¬ 
dents are frequent in various fpecies of Antirrhinum 
and Bignonia. They fliould be kept in mind by all flu- 
dents of fyflematical arrangement, as a warning not to 
expeft that our, artificial rules can keep pace with the in¬ 
tricacies of nature.” 
3. Pedicularis roftrata, or beaked loufe-wort: ftem de¬ 
clining, fomewhat branched ; helmet of the corollas acu¬ 
minate-beaked ; calyxes crefted, fubhirfute. Root black, 
thick, having large fibres fwelling out a little in the 
middle. Stem inclined, five or fix inches high, having 
fometimes a lateral branch from the lower part, with one 
6 A or 
