456 
PEDICULARIS. 
or two flowers on it; and alfo, but very feldom, another 
fhorter near the bafe of the fpike ; which is rounded, and 
has few flowers, of a purple or deep red colour. Villars 
remarks, that this fpecies not being always branched, to 
diftinguifh it from his gyroflexa, we mult obferve that the 
flowers of this are peduncled, in very fmall number, of a 
deep red, with the upper lip very much lengthened out 
and curved; the ftem alfo is thinner. Native of Swiffer- 
land, Auftria, Carniola, Dauphine, Piedmont, and Silefia. 
4. Pedicularis Sceptrum Carolinum, or fceptred loufe- 
wort: ftem Ample, flowers by threes in whorls, corollas 
clofed, calyxes crefted, capfules regular. This is diftin- 
guifhed from the other fpecies by the gape of the corolla 
being clofed, the pericarp roundifh, acuminate but regu¬ 
lar, whereas in the others it is bent in with an oblique 
point. The fize is half that of a man ; the flow'ers four, 
five, or fometimes three only, at each joint, remote, in 
whorls; the corolla of a golden yellow colour, except 
that the lower lip is tinged with purple or blood-red at 
top. Rudbeck named it Sceptrum Carolinum in honour 
of Charles XII. king of Sweden, from its manner of 
growth like a fceptre. Difcovered by Rudbeck in Lap- 
land, where it was alfo found by Linnaeus, in fuch abun¬ 
dance in one place on the highway as to flop a horfe going 
full fpeed. It grows alfo in Dalekarlia, Oftrobothnia be¬ 
tween Kerni and Uloa, near Upfala, in Weftrogothia, but 
more rarely: Norway, in feveral places: Pruflia and 
Ruftia: in bogs, wet woods, &c. It is reprefented on 
the annexed Plate. 
5. Pedicularis verticillata, or whorled Ioufe-vvort: ftem 
Ample, leaves in fours. Root more Ample or lefs branched 
than in the other forts. Stems feveral, Ample, with fmooth 
bipinnate leaves on them, oppoftte by threes or fours. 
Calyx rayed, often white, membranaceous, a little co¬ 
loured and puffed out after flowering. It is very fmall, 
and has beautiful red flowers. It feems to be biennial. 
Native of Swiflerland, Auftria, Carniola, the fouth of 
France, Silefia, Siberia, See. 
6. Pedicularis refupinata, or topfy-turvy loufe-wort: 
ftem Ample, leaves lanceolate ferrate crenulate, flowers 
refupine. Stem a foot high, even, quite Ample. Flowers 
from the upper axils fclitary, feflile ; calyx even, blunt, 
bifid, entire ; corolla of a very deep purple, turned up- 
fide-down. It varies with flefli-coloured and milk-white 
flowers. Native of Siberia. 
7. Pedicularis recutita, or jagged-leaved loufe-wort: 
ftem Ample, leaves pinnatifid ferrate, fpike leafy, calyxes 
coloured, corollas blunt. Root perennial, woody. Stem 
upright, even, not more than a foot high. Native of 
Swiflerland, Auftria, and Silefia. Introduced in 1787, by 
William Pitcairn, M. D. 
8. Pedicularis triftis, or dull-coloured loufe-wort: ftem 
Ample, helmet of the corollas villofe at the edge. This is 
a very hairy plant. Stem quite Ample, a fpan high. 
Flowers heaped into a fpike or head ; corolla blunt, yel¬ 
low ; with the helmet a little curved inwards, villofe at 
the edge. Native of Siberia. 
9. Pedicularis flammea, or upright loufe-wort: ftem 
Ample, leaves pinnate imbricate backwards. This at firft 
fight refembles Sceptrum Carolinum in miniature, but it 
Is twenty times lei's. It differs from the other fpecies in 
having the leaves very like thofe of Filipendula, with the 
segments imbricate ; the root tuberous and fufiform, like 
Ikirrets, with a few feales at the bafe; the corolla tawny, 
with the top of the upper lip purple, the lower lip fhorter 
by half than the upper. Stem fcarcely a finger’s length, 
round, upright, dark purple. Root-leaves very many, 
i'preading, on filiform petioles, bluntly lanceolate, almoft 
divided to the midrib; the divilions ovate, the edge of 
one lying over the next, crenate and each notch crenulate. 
Stem-leaves fewer, fome immediately under the fpike, 
like the root-leaves. Spike terminating the ftem, and 
covering a third part of it, upright, compreffed, oblong. 
Calyx ltriated, thin, four-toothed, oblong. Corolla 
narrow, the lower lip very fmall, the upper narrow, almoft 
upright, blunt. Pericarp acuminate, with the tip curved 
inwards. The calyxes are by no means ferrate ; and the 
corolla is very dark purple, efpecially at the end. Haller 
fays that the upper petal or helmet is ferruginous 5 the 
lower or beard pale yellow. Native of Lapland, Swiffer- 
land, Silefia, Siberia. Introduced in 1775, by Drs. Pit¬ 
cairn and Fothergill. It is reprefented at fig. 1. Plate II. 
10. Pedicularis hirfuta, or hairy loufe-wort: ftem Ample, 
leaves tooth-pinnatelinear,calyxes hirfute. Root peren¬ 
nial. Stem half a finger’s length, thick, with oblong 
cluttered feales at the bafe. Root-leaves almoft linear 
feales; ftem-leaves a little longer than the feales. Spike 
terminating, very fliort, but thick and quadrangular : 
flowers fix to twelve, feflile; pale flefh-colour, with a 
deeper heart-fhaped fpot on the lower lip. It differs from 
the reft in its wide embracing petioles, villofe calyxes, 
the colour of the corolla, and the notches of the leaves. 
Villars can fcarcely think that the little Lapland plant 
is the fame with that of Dauphine and Piedmont. He 
deferibes it to be only two or three inches high, with the 
ftem and leaves fmooth. Leaves bipinnate, very fine and 
flat: on the ftem only one or two, pinnate. Flowers 
from five to feven, in a diftinft fpike ; calyx in five Ample 
divifions, very villofe ; upper lip of the corolla blunt, a 
little curved : the whole bright red. It is allied to P. 
incarnata, but is only one fixth of the fize. Villars found 
a plant at the Grande Chartreufe, connefling thefe two, 
in the fize, and the form of the leaves, but the calyx lefs 
villofe than either. Native of Lapland, Dauphine, Pied¬ 
mont, Siberia. 
11. Pedicularis rofea, or rofe-coloured loufe-u'ort: ftem 
Ample, leaves pinnate, pinnas oblong pinnatifid, calyxes 
hirfute. Root branched, yellowifh white. Stems one, 
two, or three, rifing amid abundance of root-leaves, not 
much fhorter than the Hems, and having the appearance 
of lanceolate bipinnate fronds. Stem upright, fomewhat 
angular. Each flower rifes on a fliort red pedicle from 
the axil of a leafy brafte, almoft exceeding the calyx, 
green, pinnatifid-toothed ; but in the upper bradfes the 
teeth decreafe to two, and even one. Calyx from an 
ovate bafe tubularly cilindrical, five toothed : teeth equal, 
Ample, acute, red, as are alfo the nerves of the tube : the 
reft of the calyx is green, but the villofe hairs that cover 
it are white and tranfparent; corolla elegant, red ;-with 
a tube longer than the calyx, fading away from red to 
white: helmet deep red ; ftyle rofe-coloured at top, with 
a bluntifh yellowifh ftigma. Native of Carinthia ; flow* 
ering in July. 
1 a. Pedicularis incarnata, or flefli-coloured loufe-wort: 
ftem Ample, leaves pinnate ferrate, calyxes rounded 
fmooth, helmet of the corollas hooked acute. Stem from 
a foot to eighteen inches in height, upright, not branched, 
terminating in a very long fpike. This plant feldom has 
more than one ftem from a root. Leaves large, bipinnate, 
thick and folid, fmooth or very little villofe ; they are 
better furnifhed, and the divifions are thicker and much 
lefs deeply cut, than in P. comofa and foliofa. Flowers 
many, red, in a long loofe fpike. There is one variety, 
which is fmaller and fmooth ; and another, with the 
leaves lefs cut and almoft Ample, the ftem lower, and the 
flowers fewer, the colour of fire inclining more or lefs to 
yellow. There is no doubt of this being the plant of 
Allioniand Haller; but Villars hefitates refpefling Lin- 
nseus, who deferibes the calyx as fmooth. Native of 
Swiflerland, Auftria, Dauphine, Silefia, and Siberia. 
13. Pedicularis Lapponica, or Lapland loufe-wort: 
ftem Ample, leaves pinnatifid ferrate; calyxes bifid blunt. 
Root perennial. Stem a fpan high, upright, almoft 
ftraight, round, fmooth. Root-leaves fcarcely any. 
Stem-leaves feven or eight, lanceolate, acute, narrowed 
at the bafe into the petiole, alternate, divided to the 
middle into from fourteen to twenty pinnas, each having 
from two to five toothlets on each fide, fmooth. Spike 
terminating, loofe, four-cornered, compofed of from fix 
to fixteen flowers, declining from the perpendicular, 
each 
