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each furnifhed with its bradte; the lower bradtes longer 
than the flowers, the upper ones fcarcely fo long as the 
calyx; calyx f'mooth, tubular, with a bifid blunt mouth; 
corolla yellow, with the upper lip comprefled, produced 
at the tip, reflexed downwards, and prominent, like an 
eagle’s beak. 
In Flora Suecica it is defcribed as a palm in height; all 
the leaves of the fame fize, and not the root-leaves larger ; 
pinnatifid, ferrate; calyxes fometimes quite entire, fome- 
times with two or four teeth. It differs from P. tuberofa 
in being fmaller, in having more, leaves on the ftalk, 
fmaller flow'ers, the root-leaves the lame wfith thofe of the 
ftem, the pinnas not fubdivided but merely lerrate, the 
calyxes not ferrate, but, excepting three or four teeth, 
quite entire at the edge, and the Hems fmooth, not hir- 
fute. Native of the mountains of Lapland and Dalecar- 
lia, Denmark and Siberia. This elegant fpecies is deli¬ 
neated on Plate II. at fig. a. 
14. Pedicularis comofa, or fpiked loufe-wort: ftem 
fimple, fpike leafy, helmet of the corollas acute emargi- 
nate, calyxes five-toothed. By its port, fize, and difpo- 
fition of the flowers, this fpecies holds the place between 
P. tuberofa and foliofa. Lateral roots whitifti, tuberous, 
thicker at the end, as reprefented in John Bauhin’s 
figure (3.438.) the middle root is bigger and blackifh. 
Stems commonly two, a foot high. Root-leaves tripin- 
nate, the laft divifions terminating in a white thread or 
fpine a quarter or a third of a line in length. Stem- 
leaves two or three, fmaller, and with the leaflets fewer 
and more feparated. Spike terminating, three or four 
inches long, with white or yellow flowers, feparated by 
brakes, which lengthen on their axis, and appear little 
beyond the flower, though they are longer : helmet bent 
back like a fickle, comprefled, ending in a narrow' but 
truncated point: they are inclined or roll round to the 
left, as in P. roftrata and gyroflexa. Native of the moun¬ 
tains of Italy, Dauphine, and Siberia. Introduced in 
1775, by Drs. Pitcairn and Fothergill. 
15. Pedicularis foliofa, or leafy-fpiked loufe-wort: 
ftem fimple, fpike leafy, helmet of the corollas very blunt 
entire, calyxes five-toothed. This is loftier and ftronger 
than moft of the other fpecies. Stem from a foot to 
eighteen inches in height, ftrong and thick, lofing the 
root-leaves, as foon as it rifes to flower. Leaves very 
large, tripinnate, with the divifions very narrow, diftindl 
and (harp, without fenfible points; Item-leaves two or 
three, fmaller and at the upper part only. The flowers 
form a confiderable fpike, are of a yellow colour, and fe¬ 
parated by large bipinnate leaves. 
Gouan remarks, that this is very different from the 
other fpecies, even when it is not in flower. For the 
root-leaves are pinnate, with the pinnas deeply pinnatifid, 
and the lobules fliarply toothed: the ftem-leaves, on the 
other hand, efpecially the upper ones, are decurfively pin¬ 
nate, the pinnas being confluent, as in Tanfey, Achillea, 
&c. Native of Swifferland, Aultria, and the fouth of 
France. Introduced in 1786, by Edmund Davall, efq. 
16. Pedicularis Canadenfis, or Canadian loufe-wort: 
ftem fimple, fpike fomewhat leafy, helmet of the corollas 
briftly-two-toothed, calyxes truncated downwards. Root 
perennial. Stem upright, afpan high, pubefcent towards 
the top. Found by Kahn in North America. 
17. Pedicularis tuberofa, or tuberous loufe-wort: ftem 
fimple, calyxes crefted, helmet of the corollas hooked- 
beaked. Villars defcribes a plant under this name of P. 
tuberofa, which is fo nearly allied to P. comofa, that it 
may poflibly be no more than a variety of it. Stem fimple, 
villofe, and very thick; height from eight inches to a 
foot. Leaves villofe, almoft tripinnate, the divifions dif- 
tinct, refembling a fmall fern ; each laft divifion ends in 
a very ftiort recurved whitifli thread. The ftem has only 
a leaf or two. The flowers form a very thick fpike, clofer 
at top than at bottom : they are yellow or whitifh. The 
leaves among the flowers and the divifions of the calyx 
are both fimple. (According to Allioni they are divided.) 
The upper lip of the corolla is fickle-fliaped, and pointed 
at the end. According to Linnaeus, it is a native of the 
Swifs, Italian, and Siberian, mountains. But Villars 
doubts the exiftence of it; and refers the tuberofa of 
Linnaeus, Allioni, and Scopoli, to his gyroflexa. 
18. Pedicularis gyroflexa, orgyrated loufe-wort: leaves 
bipinnate, leaflets fomewhat toothed, curled, and blunt; 
flowers turned to the left, hooked-headed. Root peren¬ 
nial, compofed of a dark black trunk, often carious, 
three or four lines in diameter, from which fpring thick 
lateral fibres, horizontal, quite fimple, pretty long, not at 
all fwelling out, any more than the trunk of the root. 
Stems one, two, fometimes feveral, rife bending to the 
height of fix or eight inches, feldom a foot; they are vil¬ 
lofe, firm, and have one or two bipinnate leaves at their 
bafe, and as many, but fmaller, on the upper part; they 
are terminated by a fpike of a beautiful red colour, trun¬ 
cated and villofe, compofed of pinnatifid bradtes of fe¬ 
veral villofe calyxes, the divifions of which are toothed 
or pinnatifid. Helmet of the corolla turned to the left. 
There is a variety, with finer and more diltindt leaves, 
a yellow flower, and the piftil longer than the corolla, 
which, according to Bellardi, is the tuberofa of Linnaeus. 
Native of the fouth of France, Swifferland, Carniola, and 
Piedmont. 
19. Pedicularis Groenlandica, or Greenland loufe-wort: 
ftem fimple, leaves pinnate ferrate,calyxes oblong, fmooth, 
helmet of the corollas awl-lhaped bowed longer. Native 
of Greenland. Firft given by Retzius under the name of 
P. incarnata, from which it differs in the leaves, fpike, 
calyx, and helmet of the corolla. 
The alpine fpecies of Pedicularis, that is, all, except 
the two firft and the fixteenth, have fuccefiively occupied 
feveral of the firft botanifts in the prefent age : Linnaeus 
in Lapland, Haller in Swifferland, Gmelin in Siberia, Se- 
guier and Allioni in Italy, and Villars in Dauphine. 
Linnaeus has defcribed fix natives of Lapland ; Haller ten 
of Swifferland, but he faid that he had thirty fpecies from 
different countries; Gmelin twelve; Allioni eleven ; and 
Villars ten, befides feveral remarkable varieties. Thefe 
plants have their leaves very much cut, and that in a very 
regular manner. Their flowers are red, white, or yellow, 
and the mixture or (hades of thefe three colours fome¬ 
times give the corolla the colour of fire. They grow in 
general at a confiderable elevation, namely, more than 
a thoufand toifes above the level of the fea. Villars has 
taken much pains with thefe plants, and has corredted 
fome miftakes into which Haller and Linnaeus have fallen. 
He obferves with great modefty, that if the cedars have 
bent, what are we to expect of the reeds ? and that he 
could not pafs by a favourable opportunity of celebrating 
their memories, by (howfing that their miftakes were almoft 
unavoidable, and have even been ufeful to us. “ May I 
not, fays he, in paying homage to truth and the memory 
of the two firft botanifts of our time, hope for much in¬ 
dulgence from thofe learned men who have it in their 
power to corredt my errors, and to complete the work 
which I have only begun ?” 
PEDIC'ULUS, f. the Louse 5 in entomology, a genus 
of infedts of the order aptera. Generic charadters—Mouth 
with a retradtile recurved fucker without probofcis; with¬ 
out feelers ; the antennae areas long as the thorax; it 
has two eyes ; the abdomen is deprefled ; it has fix legs 
formed for running. The infedts of this genus live by 
extradting animal juices; the larvae and pupa: are fix¬ 
footed and nimble, refembling the perfedt infedt. Of 
thefe ftrange and unpleafing animals, there are fixty-fix 
fpecies, fome of which infeft the bodies of quadrupeds, 
others of birds, and fome even of infedts themfelves. It 
muft, however, be obferved, that many fmall infedts, in'- 
fefting other animals, have been often referred to the ge¬ 
nus Pediculus, which in reality belong to thofe of Acarus, 
Monoculus, &c. &c. 
1. Pediculus humanus, the common loufe: this nau- 
feous infedt is fo well known as to render any very par¬ 
ticular 
