PEE 
PEDRO'AS DE PERCEVEI'RA, rocks near the weft 
coaft of Portugal: two miles fouth-fouth-weft of Sines. 
Lat. 37. 40. N. Ion. 8. 52. W. 
PEDROGA'ON, a town of Portugal, in Eftremadura: 
twenty-one miles north-eaft of Thomar. 
PEDRO'SA, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile : five 
miles fouth-eaft of Najera. 
PEDRU'SI, or Pedruzzi (Paul), a learned antiquary, 
was born of a noble family at Mantua in 1646. He en¬ 
tered among the Jefuits, and diftinguilhed himfelf by his 
knowledge of hiftory and antiquities. He was chofen 
by Rannucio duke of Parma, to arrange his rich and cu¬ 
rious cabinet of medals, and give explanations of them. 
In 1694 he began to publifh an account of this collection, 
under the title of “ I Cefari in oro raccolti nel Farnefe 
Mufeo e publicati colie loro congrue interpretazioni, 
Parma, fol. and he continued his labours till his death 
in 1721. At that time feven volumes had been publilhed: 
the eighth was edited by Peter Piovene, a brother Jefuit. 
The whole forms ten tomes, and bears the name of the 
“ Mufeo Farnefe.” 
PEDUN'CLE, f. [ pedunculus , Lat.] In botany, the 
flower-ftalk. It iprings from the ftem, and bears the 
flowers and fruit, but not the leaves. A flower-ftalk 
originating immediately from the root, has an appropri¬ 
ate name, Scapus, fee that article; though fome prefer 
pedunculis radicalis. The flower-ftalk is either Ample or 
compound. In the firft inftance it commonly bears a fo- 
litary flower, though it may bear a number of completely 
fefliie ones, conftituting a fpike, as in Potamogeton. 
When compound, the ultimate divifions of this part are 
called partial flower-ftalks. See Pedicellus. 
To PEE, v.n. To look with one eye. In ufe to this 
day in Cumberland. “H epees, he looks with one eye.” 
Ray. 
PEE CAIO'NI. See Vereesina. 
—- CUPAM'ENI. See Tragia. 
- INO'TA INO'DIEN. See Physalis. 
- KAN'DEL. See Rhizophora. 
- MOTTEN'GA. See Schcenus. 
-- TAN'DALE COT'TI. See Crotalaria. 
- TIAN'GA PULPA'NI. See Ruellia. 
PEE'BLES, a town of Scotland, and capital of the 
county to which it gives name, fituated on a fmall river, 
alfo called Peebles, which feparates the town into Old and 
New, andfoon after joins the Tweed. It is a royal burgh, 
and is fuppofed to owe its name to the pebbles with which 
the environs abound. ^ 
Peebles is of great antiquity, and was probably a town 
even in the time of the Gadeni. At all events there 
were undoubtedly a confiderable village and a church 
here, before the commencement of the Scoto-Saxon pe¬ 
riod ; “ and there was here alfo as early, perhaps, a royal 
caftle, with a chapel, and other accommodations, which a 
town only can fupply.” This opinion derives much 
fupport from the fact, that Peebles is mentioned in the 
earlieft Scottifh records “ as a town of the royal demefne, 
which yielded a firm into the royal exchequer.” Accor¬ 
ding to Dr. Pennycuick, it was occafionally honoured by 
the refidence of the Scottifh monarchs, till the death of 
Alexander III. (1285.) who conferred on it many fpe- 
cial marks of his munificence and favour. In the con- 
tefts for the fucceflion to the throne which enfued, the 
inhabitants efpoufed the caufeof Baliol, and were after¬ 
wards compelled to fubmit to the ufurpation of Edward 
I. of England. At this period the town appears to have 
been governed by a bailiff, and a certain number of bur- 
gefles,as we find them mentioned to have fworn fealty to 
the Englifh kingatBerwick,on the 28th of Auguft, 1296. 
In 1304, it was granted by that prince to Adomar de Va¬ 
lence, the warden of Scotland, and his heirs. The edi¬ 
tors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica are of opinion that 
it was a royal refidence fo late as the time of James I. 
(1430.) and that here he compofed his poem of “ Peebles 
at the Play.” When it became a royal burgh, with fpe- 
Vol. XIX. No. 1317. 
PEE 403 
cial privileges, is uncertain ; but it is known to have 
fent two reprefentatives to the parliament called in 1357 
to ratify and provide the ranfom of David II. This mo¬ 
narch afterwards granted Peebles a charter, dated Sep¬ 
tember 20, 1367, in which it is ftyled a royal burgh ; and 
the fame was fubfequently confirmed by king James II. 
and king James VI. with additional privileges. By vir¬ 
tue of thefe charters, the corporation of the town now 
confiftsof feventeen members, a provoft, two baillies, a 
dean of guild, a treafurer, eleven counfellers, and one 
deacon. Its revenue is very confiderable, rnoft of the 
lands in the vicinity being the property of the public. 
Thefe lands were granted to the borough in the year 1560, 
in confideration of “the loyalty, fidelity, and good fer- 
vices,” of the inhabitants. This burgh, in conjunction 
with Lanark, Linlithgow, and Selkirk, fends one mem¬ 
ber to parliament. Patron, or nominee, the duke of 
Buccleugh. 
The town of Peebles was much more extenfive formerly 
than at prefent, and occupied a fome what different fcite, 
extending from Eddleftone Water weftward, to the Mea- 
dow-well-ftrand. Of its buildings at this period little is 
known ; but they were probably of a comparatively fupe- 
rior caft, as many of the houfes were occupied by the no¬ 
bility attending the court, when the monarch refided in 
the caftle. Peebles in fact was to Edinburgh what Windfor 
now is with refpeft to London. Previous to the reforma¬ 
tion it had threechurches, befides feveral chapels. The 
High-church, which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is 
fuppofed to have been ereftedin the eleventh century, on 
the fcite of fome more ancient fabric. Its ruins ftill re¬ 
main at the weftern extremity of the old town. This 
church was deftroyed at the time of the reformation ; 
when the Crofs-church was converted into the parochial 
place of worlhip j and continued to be fuch till the pre¬ 
fent handfome ilrufture was ereCted in 1784. Peebles ap¬ 
pears to have been ftrongly fortified both by nature and 
by art. Over the Tweed is an ancient bridge of five 
arches 5 and there are two fmaller ones over the Eddle¬ 
ftone, to conneft the new town with the old. The chief 
fupport of the town is its manufacture of carpets, ferges, 
and linen and cotton cloths ; but it is likewife much in¬ 
debted to its market whicli has been long celebrated for 
oatmeal. The market day is on Tuefday, weekly; and 
there are befides feven annual fairs. 
The chief remains of antiquity in Peebles, are the 
ruins of the Crofs-church, and of that which was dedi¬ 
cated to St. Andrew'. The former was part of the con¬ 
ventual church of a monaftery founded, according to 
Boecius, Major, and others, by king Alexander III. 
Some fay it was erefted on the fpot where the relics of St. 
Nicholas the Martyr were difcovered in 1261, an event 
which is particularly noticed by Fordun. This con¬ 
vent was filled with Red or Trinitarian friars, which or¬ 
der was inftituted for the redemption of Chriftian flaves 
from the Turks; a third part of their annual income be¬ 
ing appropriated to that purpofe. Its buildings coniti- 
tuted a fquare, having the church on the fouthern fide. 
This edifice meafured 102 feet in length, and 32 in width, 
and was, as well as the houfes and cloifters, entirely built 
with whin-ftone, except the angles, doors, windows, cor¬ 
nices, See. which were of a white free-ftone. After the 
fuppreffion, the convent was fuffered gradually to go to 
decay; but part of the church, as already mentioned, was 
fitted up for divine fervice, and the remainder was walled 
off and converted into a public fchool. In this ftate it 
remained till the building of the new church, when the 
interior was ftripped of its feats and furniture, but the 
walls, by a praifeworthy aft of council, were ordered to 
be protefted, as a venerable moR>ument of ancient art. 
The church of St. Andrew iso? greater antiquity than 
the Crofs-church. The exaft period of its conftruftion 
is not recorded ; but, as it is ftated to have been confe- 
crated by Jofceline bilhop of Glafgow, who died A. D. 
1199, its date giay be fixed a few years previous to that 
6 C event. 
