PEL 
PEL 
515 
jury from the inclofing waters. This citadel, confpicuous 
from its fituation and ftrufture, was connected by a, wall 
to the city, and within that wall was a dream of water, 
over which was erefted a bridge. From its pofition it re- 
fulted, that, although the city might be blockaded, yet 
the citadel was wholly inacceflible; nor, on the other 
hand, if the king fliould (hut up any perfon within the 
citadel, could he poffibly efcape but by the bridge, which 
might be very eafily defended.” Conformably with this 
reprelentation, the veftiges of Pella are found on an emi¬ 
nence (loping down to the fouth-wed, and encompaffed 
by marfties. In vain, however, do we look for the walls 
of the city, for the citadel, for the dykes conftrufted to 
defend from inundation the temples, buildings, and other 
monuments of its grandeur: the barbarians from the 
north, the Romans, and the fucceflion of ages, have de¬ 
stroyed even the ruins. 
To Philip of Macedon, Pella was indebted for its rank 
and magnificence among the cities of the ead ; and it 
mud have been with a view to its ftrength, in a pofition 
inapproachable in ancient times by any holtile force, that 
he felefted for his capital a fpot extremely unhealthy. 
Enlarged and improved by his (bn Alexander and his fuc- 
ceffors, Pella had attained a high degree of power and 
fplendour, before it was taken and facked by the adven¬ 
turers from Gaul, the forerunners of the Romans, who 
overthrew the city after the conqued of Macedonia. 
Commanding, by its pofition, the mouths of the Axius 
and the Lydias, Pella would naturally have become an im¬ 
portant commercial ftafion, had not Theffalonica, didant 
only twenty-one miles, pofl'effed a fafe and commodious 
port for (hipping. But in ancient times, military ftrength 
and fecurity, and not commercial advantages, were the 
objects contemplated, in the founding and improving of 
cities. 
“ Looking forward, at laft, we difcovered the miferable 
village called Allah-Kiliffa, or Allah-Hiffar, (God’s 
Tower or Caftle,) compofed of about threefcore huts, in¬ 
habited by Bulgarians, with a tower, garrifoned by a do¬ 
zen Albanians, with their officer. Such are the prefent 
edifices, population, and military eftablifhment, of Pella, 
the once powerful capital of Philip, and Alexander, and 
Perfeus ! A low Mahometan now commands, whip in 
hand, in the city where Alexander firft faw the light; and 
the paternal feat of that monarch whofe dominions ex¬ 
tended from the Adriatic to the Indus, is now the pro¬ 
perty of Achmet, fon of Ifmael, bey of Serres. But, if 
Pella be funk, well adapted to its fallen ftate are the in¬ 
habitants, diftinguiftied, even in Macedonia, by their grofs 
ignorance and their brutal hatred of ftrangers. Notwith- 
ftanding the orders of the commandant, and the abundant 
offer of money, it was not without a long altercation that 
we obtained entrance into a hovel, merely to depofit oar 
baggage. Proceeding to furvey the place, we firft vifited 
a church, built of ftone, dedicated to St. Paul, ufually 
ftyled by the Greeks, the Great Apoftle. The children, 
attrafted by the European drefs, followed us from place 
to place; while the dogs, not lefs amazed, a (Tailed us in 
the mod ferocious manner. Some of the people, how¬ 
ever, who had feen Franks in Theffalonica, offered to fale 
antique coins and fmall figures in terra cotta , found in the 
place. Traveriing a large (pace of ground, covered with 
fragments of tombs, and maffes of brick and tile, we came 
to the village-well, on a ftone of which were thefe words: 
AIONYSIOS MEFAKAEOYS. Defending in a weft ward 
direftion, we fully recognized the pofition of Pella, as de- 
fcribed in the foregoing quotation from Livy, on the 
(lope of a double eminence. The remains of the ramparts, 
con drafted of (tones of very large fize, carried round the 
fummit of the higheft hill, induced me to fuppofe them 
to indicate the pofition of the citadel. Defending 
fou th wards, I followed'the line of another inclofing wall, 
(till called Pella by the inhabitants. The direction of 
this wall points to a fquare bafin, of Turkifii workman- 
fhi P: but the facing wall is founded on a broader wall, of 
Vol.XIX, No, 1321, 
ancient Greek conftruftion. In the lake Lydias, now 
called Jenidge, I obferved the mouth of the river from the 
town fo called, and thofe of the river Niagoufta, and of 
feveral rivulets, proceeding from neighbouring fprings. 
t: Having thus furveyed all that remains of Pella above 
ground, and to attempt excavation was impracticable, 
(although under the furface, a rich treafure of antiquities 
muft undoubtedly be concealed,) we returned to our 
Bulgarian hut, where our Janiffaries had prepared a dinner 
of pilaw, the ufual food of travellers, and the favourite 
difli of the people in the eaft. After dinner, I extended 
my refearches towards Jenidge,a confiderable town, famed 
for its tobacco, diftant about a league weft ward from 
Pella. Entering on the road which runs not far from 
the well before mentioned, I obferved a tumulus, or bar- 
row, which had been opened. Going into it, by an open¬ 
ing made on the fouth fide, we found a fort of paffage, 
thirty-one feet four inches, Englifh, in length, by feven 
feet in breadth, which led to two fquare parallel rooms, 
both much injured by the openings made to enter and 
examine them. Continuing to descend to the fecond 
paffage, by a deep (lope under a vault, which terminated 
at a horizontal paffage or gallery fifty-feven feet long, and 
eleven feet two inches broad, we obferved two niches in 
the wall. Thefe left us no doubt that the galleries and 
recedes, which externally appear as barrows, were cer¬ 
tainly conftrufted as places of fepulture. A third paffage 
opened into another vaulted chamber, fourteen feet three 
inches by twelve feet ten inches in length from north to 
fouth. This tumulus having been opened and examined, 
no difcoveries were left for 11s to make. We were, how¬ 
ever, convinced of the erroneoufnefs of the vulgar opi¬ 
nion, that the barrows found in various parts of the couii. 
try were thrown up by the Turks, when they firft inva¬ 
ded Macedonia, as a place on which to ereft the precious 
national ftandard of Mahomet. Nothing now remaining 
to be feen at Pella, we returned to Theffalonica by the 
road we had before purfued.” Tour from Theffalonica 
to Pella. Monthly Mag. March 1822. 
PEL'LA, a town of Ruffia, at the junftion of the Tofna 
and the Neva : twenty miles fouth-eaft of Peter (burg. 
PELLACON'TA, in ancient geography, a river of 
Afia, in Mefopotamia. Pliny. 
PELLACO'PAS, a river of Afia, in Mefopotamia. 
Arrian de Exped. Alex, 
PEL'LAGE,/ [from pell.] A cuftom or duty on tanned 
hides. 
PELLA'GRA, /. [probably from pellis, the (kin, and 
agria, fcab.] A fort of cutaneous difeafe, which was firft 
defcribed about the year 1771 by fome Italian phyficians, 
as occurring in many perfons in the neighbourhood of 
Milan and Venice. There is fomething bordering upon 
the marvellous in this early hiftory of the pellagra ; but 
fubfequent obfervation has confirmed it. A full account 
of the difeafe may be found in Frapolli, “ Animadver- 
fiones in Morbuin vulgo Pellagram diftumMilan, 
1771, (the firft writer who noticed it;) and in an Ed ay by 
W. X. Janfen, “ De Pellagra, Morbo in Mediolanenfi 
Ducatu endemio,” Leyden, 1787. (This effay was re¬ 
printed in Dr. Frank’s Deledlus Opufculorum Medico- 
rum, vol. ix. art. 9.) See alfo a long lift of references 
toltalian writers on the fubjeft,under the article Pellagra, 
in Dr. Parr’s London Medical Diftionary. 
A more recent and reafonable account of the difeafe is 
given by Dr. Holland, who had refided in the north of 
Italy for fome time, and noted the fymptoms and progrefs 
of it on the lpot. The Pellagra, according to this writer, 
is a difeafe chiefly confined to the peafants of Lombardy, 
and owing its birth to deficiency of food and clothing, 
and the cacheftic habit confequent thereon. The difeafe 
occurs in the fpring, and begins like a common erythema. 
The patient perceives on the back of his hand, on his 
feet, and fometimes, but more rarely, on other parts of 
the body expofed to the fun, certain red fpots or blotches; 
whith gradually extend themfelves, with a flight elevation 
6 Q of. 
