516 P £ L 
of the cuticle, and a {hining furface, not unlike that of 
lepra in its early ftage. The colour of this eruption is a 
fomevvhat more obfcure and dulky red than that of ery- 
iipelas : it is attended with no other uneafy fenfation than 
a flight pricking or itching, and fome tenfion in the part. 
After a fhort continuance in this Hate, fmall tubercles 
are frequently obferved to arife on the inflamed furface; 
the fkin almofl always becomes dry and fcaly, forming 
rough patches, which are excoriated and divided by fur¬ 
rows and rhagades. Defquamation gradually takes place, 
and leaves a Alining unhealthy furface in the parts affeCt- 
ed ; but towards theclofe of the fummer, or occafionally 
ftill earlier, the fkin refumes its natural appearance ; and, 
but that the further progrefs of the difeale is familiar to 
every inhabitant of the country, the patient might be led 
to flatter himfelf that the evil was gone by, and that there 
was no particular reafon to dread its recurrence. 
The conftitutional fymptoms which precede the erup¬ 
tion are thofe ufually indicative of the cacheCtic habit; 
viz. languor, flabbinefsof flefli, and debility ; thofe which 
follow it are debility of the whole body; vague and irre¬ 
gular pains of the trunk and limbs, but efpecially follow¬ 
ing the track of the fpine and dorfal mufcles ; headache, 
with occafional vertigo; irregular appetite, and general 
depreflion of fpirits. The bowels are for the moll part 
relaxed ; and ufually continue fo in the further courfe of 
thedifeafe. There are no febrile fymptoms ; and in fe¬ 
males the menftruation is generally continued without 
irregularity. 
The conftitutional, like the local, derangement, ufually 
goes oft' towards the latter end of the fummer, but it re¬ 
turns the next year with increafed violence, and during 
the third and fourth years acquires an horribly alarming 
character, The local appearance changes from'that of 
the eryfipelatous eruption and defquamation before de- 
icribed, to that of profound fcabs and fcales, or ill-con¬ 
ditioned ulcerations; and the conftitutional derangement 
is marked by a fevere impediment to the progrefs of the 
afiimulative and the fenforial funClions, Nervous irri¬ 
tation manifefts itfelf, firftly, in a variety of fpafmodic 
pains, uneafy fenfations, and vifual and aural deceptions; 
and, fecondly, by defponding furious mania, and frequent 
attempts at fuicide. No plan of treatment has been hi¬ 
therto applied to pellagra with advantage ; but the gene¬ 
ral indications, of courfe, are to cure the cachexy of the 
bod} - , by removing.to healthy fituations, and the admi- 
niftration of wholefome food. This difeafeis fuppofed by 
fome learned authors to be the leprofy of the middle and 
dark ages. See Leprosy, vol. xii. and London Med. 
Journal for March 1818. 
PELLA'NA, or Pellane, in ancient geography, a 
town of Laconia, fouth-eaft of Belemina. It was wafhed 
by the Eurotas ; and is thought to have been very an¬ 
cient. In the time of Paufanias it had a temple of Efcu- 
lapius and a fountain called Pellanide. 
PEL'LEGRIN (Simon Jofeph), a French poet and ec- 
clefiaftic, was born at Marfeilles. He obtained, in 1704, 
the prize of the academy for his “ Epiftle to the King on 
the Succefs of his Arms.” He entered into the religious 
order of the Servites, but afterwards obtained leave to 
remove into that of Cluny. He wrote feveral pieces for 
the theatres, and dramatized the Hiftory of the Old and 
New Teftament, the Pfalms of David, &c. He is alfo 
known as the tranflator of the works of Horace into the 
French language. He died in 1745. 
PELLEGRl'NI (Camillo), a learned hiftorian and an¬ 
tiquarian, was born at Capua in 1598. He was educated 
at the Jefuits’ fchool at Naples, where, befides the ufual 
ftudies, he acquired an accurate knowledge of civil and 
eccleflaftical law and theology. He entered into the cle¬ 
rical order; and, having been fent to Rome, he diligently 
confulted the archives and libraries of that capital, and 
formed the defign of collecting all the ancient documents 
relating to his native place, and to the whole kingdom of 
Naples. For this purpofe he made many journeys, and 
3 
PEL 
was at great expenfe in procuring copies of records and 
manufcripts, and in forming a collection of antiquities, 
The fir ft fruit of hisjabours was “ L’Apparato alle Anti- 
chita di Capua,” printed in 1651, in which he minutely 
defcribes all the parts of Campagna Felice, and relates its 
hiftory and feveral revolutions. He afterwards publifhed 
a work entitled “ Hiftoria Principum Longobardorum,” 
containing the Chronicle of the Anonynuis Salernitanus, 
and feveral other hiltorical pieces which had not yet feen 
the light, illuftrated with learned annotations and difler- 
tations. This publication was of great fervice in eluci¬ 
dating of the hiftory not onlyof thofe provinces of Naples 
which were under the fway of the Lombard kings, but of 
all Italy; it was therefore republiflred in the collections 
of Burmann and Muratori, and has been re-edited, with 
various additions, at Naples, 174.9, by Sig. Fr. Moria Pra- 
tilli. This learned w'riter publilhed other works on dif¬ 
ferent fubjeCIs, and had a great collection of MSS. as well 
of his own writing as others, which were unfortunately 
loft to the world by the following incident. Being in a 
bad ftate of health, he had given orders to a female do- 
meftic, that, when he fhould be near his end, file fhould 
burn a large bundle of papers which he pointed out. 
One day, overhearing the phyficians prognofticate that he 
had not many hours to live, file too faithfully executed 
his commands, to his own great regret after he was fome- 
what recovered. He died at Naples in 1660, at the age 
of fixty-five. 
PELLEGRI'NO of Modena, a celebrated Italian 
painter, born 1511, and bred under Raphael, was killed in 
an affray 1 . 
PELLEGRI'NO-PELLEGRl'NI (Tibaldi), a cele¬ 
brated painter and architeCf, was born at Bologna in 
1527, of a family from the Milanefe. He ftudied in the 
fchool of Bagnacavallo in his native place; but his chief 
education was derived from the works of Michael An¬ 
gelo at Rome, viewed with the eye of genius. It is not 
eafy to determine whether he ought to be reckoned 
among painters or architects; for he ereCted edifices, and 
ornamented them with his paintings ; but he was great 
in both departments. At his vilit to Rome he was pa¬ 
tronized by cardinal Poggi, who fent him back to Bolog¬ 
na to finifli his palace there, which is now the Academi¬ 
cal Inftitute, and is decorated with his paintings. Thefe, 
with thofe of the chapel of St. Jacopo of the Auguftine 
friars, are the principal fpecimens of his art in Italy, and 
were the ftudy and imitation of the Caracci. He went 
from Bologna to Loretto, in the church of which he built 
a chapel, and ornamented it with ftuccos and paintings. 
At Ancona he gave decorations for two of the churches, 
and built and adorned the merchants’ hall; and he like- 
wife fuperintended the fortifications of the place as mili¬ 
tary architeCf. At Pavia he conftruded the Palace of 
Sapienza, called afterwards the Borromean College. The 
city of Milan named him, before 1570, architect of its ce¬ 
lebrated cathedral : he difencumbered its dome of gothic 
-ornaments, and in their room enriched it with feveral 
elegant chapels, and a majeftic choir. Having been en¬ 
gaged by Philip II. to prepare plans for the Efcurial, he 
went into Spain in 1586, and during nine years was em¬ 
ployed as architect and painter of that vaft edifice. His 
works would require a volume to defcribe, and they were 
amply remunerated with riches and honours. He return¬ 
ed to Milan, where he continued his labours, under the 
title of ducal engineer, to an advanced age. The year 
of his death is not exaCtly known, but it was under the 
pontificate of Clement VIII. and about the clofe of the 
fixteenth century. He was buried in a tomb ereCled for 
himfelf and his family in the dome of Milan. 
Tibaldi is regarded as the greateft defigner of the Bo- 
lognele and Lombard fchools. He'was called by the Ca¬ 
racci “ the reformed Michael Angelo,” poflefiing his 
grandeur and energy, without his extravagance; and they 
commended Del Tibaldi il decora e il fondamento, “ his 
decoroufnefs joined with learning.” He is principally 
known 
