530 PEN 
upon the authority of his name. Profeffor Thunberg has 
publilhed an account of the genus Penaea in the Berlin 
Magazine for 1807. The fpecies all grow at the Cape of 
Good Hope, and have been feen no where elfe. The P. 
farcocolla grows on the mountains of Hottentot Holland, 
and in thole below the weft fide of the Table Mountain. 
Now Thunberg, who was on the fpot, exprefsly affirms 
that farcocol is neither colledted nor known in that coun¬ 
try. It would have fome tendency to throw light upon 
the plants that yield feveral refins and gum-refins with 
the hiftory of which we are at prefent unacquainted, if 
any wholefale druggift, or merchant, in London, who is 
in the habit of importing thefe articles, would ftate the 
countries from which they are brought. 
2. Penaea mucronata, or heart-leaved penaea : flowers 
terminating, leaves acuminate fmocth. Style four-cor¬ 
nered. Leaves on the items and branches frequent, feffiie. 
Flowers at the ends of the branches, heaped together, red. 
3. Penaea marginata, or margined penaea : leaves cor¬ 
date margined, flowers lateral. This is a ftiff flirub, with 
the branches commonly in threes. Leaves oppofite or 
in threes, fubfeffile,bluntifh,fhining, with the edge curved 
back, the fize of box-leaves. Flowers among the leaves, 
i'ubfeffile, not longer than the leaves, white. 
4. Penaea lateriflora, or fide-flowering penaea : leaves 
ovate, flowers lateral feffiie. Stems red, with elongated 
branches. Leaves feffiie, exadtly ovate, even, fharpifh, 
quite entire, almoft keeled under the bafe, longer than 
the interfaces. Flowers in the axils of the leaves, yel¬ 
low', the length of the leaves; calyx four-leaved, yellow, 
fcariofe, the length of the leaves. Willdenow doubts 
whether this be diftindt from the preceding. 
5. Penaea tomentofa, or downy-leaved penaea: leaves 
ovate tomentofe, flowers lateral. Of this we.have no de- 
fcription. 
6. Pen sea fucata, or painted penaea: leaves rhomb-ovate; 
bradtes wedge-fhaped acute, coloured. Branches very 
numerous, round ; branchlets angular. Leaves ovate, 
narrower at the bafe, acute, fpreading, even. Flowers 
purple, in terminating bundles; bradtes fmaller than the 
leaf, purple. 
7. Penaea fquamofa, or fcaly penaea: leaves rhomb- 
wedge-fhaped, fielhy; bradfes fringed, glutinous, larger 
than the leaves ; fegments of the corolla reflexed. Diftin- 
guifhed by its large terminal flowers, enveloped in dark- 
red, glutinous, broad, denfely-fringed, bradtes. The 
leaves mod refemble the firft fpecies, but their mid-rib is 
deprefled, not prominent, and their colour in a dried ftate 
very dark. Linnaeus at firft marked his fpecimen farco- 
colla, then refinofa, and finally fquamofa, under which 
laft appellation he defcribed this fine plant. It may, per¬ 
haps, yield a gum, as well as the firft fpecies. The co¬ 
rolla feems to be white or yellowifh; its tube is above 
an inch long; the fegments of the limb ovate, obtufe, 
reflexed. 
8. Penaea fruticulofa, or flirubby penaea : leaves fome- 
what oblong blunt, bradtes orbiculate acute. This is a 
little fhrub with round branches. Leaves oval or fome- 
what oblong, thickilh, veinlefs, remote. Floral leaves 
final), rhomb-orbiculate, or orbiculate-acute ; flowers at 
the ends of the branches, fubfolitary, on very fhort pe¬ 
duncles, fharpifh. 
9. Penaea myrtoides, or myrtle-leaved penaea leaves 
lanceolate. Branches upright round red. Leaves feffiie 
cluftered even, like thofe of Myrtus tarentina, fcarcely 
nerved underneath. Flowers terminating, fubfolitary, 
furrounded by fliarp green bradfes, under which are two 
fmall leaves ; calyx acute, green, not at all coloured. 
Loureiro has added two fpecies, natives of Cochinchina: 
Penaea nitida, which he thinks is allied to Linnaeus’s P. 
myrtoides; and Pensea fcandens, to P. marginata. He 
allows that they are not conformable to Linnaeus’s gene¬ 
ric charadter: and indeed they certainly belong to ano¬ 
ther genus. See Polygala. 
PE'NAL, adj . [Fr. from pcena, Lat.] Denouncing pu- 
P E N 
nifliment; enadiing punifhment.—Gratitude plants fuch 
generofity in the heart of man, as fnall more eftedtually 
incline him to what is brave and becoming than the ter- 
rour of any penal law. South. —Ufed for the purpofes of 
punifhment; vindidfive.—Adamantine chains and penal 
fire. Milton's P. L. 
PENAL'ITY, f. Liablenefs to punilhnient ; condem¬ 
nation to punifhment.—Many of the ancients denied the 
Antipodes, and fome unto the penality of contrary affir¬ 
mations; but the experience of navigation can now af- 
fert them beyond all dubitation. Brown. 
PEN'ALTY, f. Punifhment; cenfure; judicial inflic¬ 
tion.—Political power is a right of making laws whh pe¬ 
nalties of death, and confequentiy all lels penalties, for 
preferving property, and employing the force of the com¬ 
munity in the execution of the laws. Locke. 
Beneath her footftool, fcience groans in chains, 
And wit dreads exile, penalties,, and pains. Pope'sDunciad. 
Forfeiture upon non-performance : 
Lend this money, not as to thy friend, 
But lend it rather to thine enemy, 
Who if he break, thou may’ll with better face 
Exadt the penalty. S/takefpeare's Merck, of Veil. 
PENAL'VA, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Beira : nine miles north of Coimbra. 
PENAMOU'SHILY, a town of Hindooftan, in the 
circar of Rajamundry : forty-two miles eaft of Rajamun- 
dry. 
PEN'ANCE,/. [penance, peneance, old Fr.for penitence.] 
Inflidlion either public or private, fuffered as an expref- 
fion of repentance for fin.—No penitentiary, though he 
enjoined him never fo ftraight penance to expiate his firft 
offence, would have counfelled him to have given over 
purfuit of his right. Bacon. —A Lorain furgeon, who 
whipped the naked part with a great rod of nettles till 
all over bliftered, perfuaded him to perform this penance 
in a fliarp fit he had. Temple. 
And bitter Penance, with an iron whip, 
Was w’ont him once to difple every day. Spenfers F. Q. 
Mew her up. 
And make her bear the penance of her tongue. Shakefp. 
The fcourge 
Inexorable, and the torturing hour 
Calls us to penance. Milton's P. L. 
Repentance.—Seeking to bring forth worthy fruits of pe¬ 
nance. Comminution, Comm. Prayer. 
Penance is one of the feven facraments of the Romifli 
church. Befides fading, alms, abftinence, and the like, 
which are the general conditions of penance, there^are 
others of a more particular kind ; as the repeating a cer¬ 
tain number of ave-marys, paternofters, and credos, 
wearing a hair-fhirt, and giving one’s felf a certain num¬ 
ber of ftripes. In Italy and Spain it is ufual to fee Chrif- 
-tians almoft naked, loaded with chains and a crofs, and 
lalhing themfelves at every ftep. 
This kind of penance is enjoined by the church, for 
fins of omiflion or of commilfion. But in the very early 
ages men practifed penance and mortification for no other 
reafon than becaufe they believed that every indblgence 
wasfinful; that whatever gratified the fenfes, however 
apparently innocent, mult be injurious to the foul; that 
the ties of natural affedtion weaned the heart from God ; 
that the duties of fociai life mult be abandoned by thofe 
who regarded their own falvation; and that, in proportion 
as man inflidted privations and torments upon himfelf, 
he pleaded his Creator. 
The extravagancies which grew out of this fyftem 
might appear incredible, if they were not as well authen¬ 
ticated as any facts in hiftory. Some fliut themfelves up 
in cells fo low that they could not Hand upright in them, 
and of fuch dimenfions that they could neither lie at 
length, nor place themfelves in any but painful pofitions. 
Others 
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