534 PEN 
The finding pendant which adorns her fo, 
And until autumn on the bough (hould grow. Waller. 
The part of a watch to which the chain or ribbon is hung. 
A pendulum. Obfolete. —To make the fame pendant go 
twice as fall as it did, or make every undulation of it in 
half the time it did, make the line, at which it hangs, dou¬ 
ble in geometrical proportion to the line at which it 
hanged before. Digby on the Soul. —A fmall flag in fhips. 
PENDAR'RYE, a town of Hindooftan, in Oude: fe- 
venteen miles north-weft of Kairabad. 
PENDAR'TY, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic i 
eight miles eaft of Ongole. 
To PENDE, v. a. To hang up; to pen ; to ftiut up. 
Chaucer. 
PEN'DENCE, or Pendency, [from pencleo, Lat.] 
Slopenefs; inclination.—The Italians give the cover a 
graceful pendence or flopenefs, dividing the whole breadth 
into nine parts, whereof two fhall ferve for the elevation 
of the higheft top or ridge from the loweft. Wotton on 
Archi'tetture. —Sufpenfe; delay of decifion.—The judge 
fhall pronounce in the principal caufe, nor can the appel¬ 
lant allege pendency of fuit. Ayliffe. 
PENDE'NE-VO W', on the north conft of Cornwall, 
near Penzance, has an unfathomable cave under the 
earth, into which the fea flows at high water. The cliffs 
between this and St. Ives glitter, as if they had ftore of 
copper, of which there is abundance hereabouts within 
land. 
PENDEN'NIS CAS'TLE. See Falmouth, vol. vii. 
PEN'DENT, adj. [pendens, Lat. fome write pendant , 
from the Fr.] Hanging: 
I fometimes mournful verfe indite, and ling 
Of defperate lady near a purling ftream, 
Or lover pendent on a willow tree. Philips. 
Quaint in green fhe fhall be loofe enrob’d 
With ribbons pendant, flaring about her head. Shahefp. 
Jutting over: 
A pendent rock, 
A forked mountain, or blue promontory. Slialiefpeare. 
Supported above the ground : 
They brought, by wondrous art 
Pontifical, a ridge of pendent rock 
Over the vex’d abyfs. Milton's P. L. 
PENDEN'TIVES, f. in architedlure, are thofe parts in 
the angles, between the arches of the nave, which fpring 
from a point, and gradually advance in a concave direc¬ 
tion to receive the circular entablature of the cupola. 
Or, if weifuppofea circle inferibed within a fquare, the 
curvilinear triangles cut off will be the plans of the pen- 
dentives. 
PEN'DENTNESS, f. The ftate of being pendent. 
PF.NDERA'CHI, or Ere'c-ri, a feaport town of 
Afiatic Turkey, on the Black Sea, anciently Heraclea, 
governed by a cadi ; at one time epifcopal: 100 miles eaft 
of Conftantinople. Lat. 41. 36. N. Ion. 31. 18. E. 
PEN'DICE. See Pentice. 
PENDIL'HO, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Beira: twelve miles fouth-eaft of Lamego. 
PEN'DING, adj. [pendente lite.'] Depending 5 remain¬ 
ing yet undecided.—A perfon, pending fuit with the dio- 
cefan, fhall be defended in the pofielfion. Ayliffe. 
PEN'DLETON, a village in Lancafhire, with a popu¬ 
lation of 3611, including 226 employed in trade and ma- 
nufadhtres: two miles weft of Manchefter. 
PEN'DLETON, a county of Virginia, in America, 
bounded north-weft by Randolph, and fouth by Rock¬ 
ingham, counties; watered by the fouth branch of the 
Patovvmack. It contains 4239 free inhabitants, and 202 
flaves. Its chief town is Frankford.—Alfo, a diftridl of 
South Carolina, on the Keow ee and Savannah rivers ; con¬ 
taining 22,897 inhabitants, of whom 3485 are flaves: fif- 
■ty-two miles w'eft of Cambridge.—Alfo, a county of 
PEN 
Kentucky, containing 2940 people, of whom 346 are 
flaves. 
PEN'DOUN, a town of Birmah : twelve miles fouth of 
Raynangong. 
PENDRAG'ON CAS'TLE. See Kirkby Stephen, 
vol. xi. p. 761. 
PENDULOS'ITY, or Pen'dulousness, /. [from pen¬ 
dulous.'] The ftate of hanging; fufpenfion.—His flender 
legs he encreafed by riding; that is, the humours defen¬ 
ded upon their pendulofity, having no fupport or fuppe- 
daneous liability. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
PEN'DULOUS, adj. [pcndulus, Lat.] Hanging; not 
fupported below.—Bellerophon’s horfe, fram’d of iron, 
and placed between two loadftones wdth wings expanded, 
hung pendulous in the air. Brown's Vulg. Errors. —The 
grinders are furnifhed with three roots, and in the upper 
jaw often four, becaufe thefe are pendulous. Ray. 
All the plagues that in the pendulous air 
Hang fated o’er men’s faults, light on thy daughter. Shall. 
Doubtful; unfettled.—In apendulo us ftate of mind. At - 
ter bury. 
PEN'DULUM, f. [pendulus, Lat. pendule, Fr.] Any 
weight hung fo as that it may eafily lwing to and fro, of 
which the great law is, that its ofeiilations are always per¬ 
formed in equal time: 
Upon the bench I will fo handle ’em, 
That the vibration of this pendulum 
Shall make all taylors’ yards of one 
Unanimous opinion. Hudibras. 
For a full explanation of the theory of pendulums, fee 
the article Horology, vol. x. p. 307 & feq. We fhall 
add here only two particulars which have fince occurred 
to our notice. 
1. Profeflor Bridge has calculated the following 
little Table, on a fuppofition that the length of a fe- 
conds pendulum is 39-2 inches in latitude 52 0 , which is 
taken as his ftandard ; and he has given the lengths 
correfponding not only to fix different latitudes, but 
to four different heights, fix at the earth’s furface, and 
at one, two, and three, miles of elevation refpedtively. 
Latitude. 
Length of 
Pendulum at 
the Earth’s 
Surface. 
One Mile 
above the 
Earth. 
Two Miles 
above the 
Earth. 
1 
Three Miles 
above the 
Earth. 
At the Equator 
Lat. 30 0 
45 
60 
At the Pole 
39-060 
39’ 1I 5 
39-170 
39-200 
39-225 
39-281 
39-036 
3 9 '° 9 1 
39-146 
39-176 
39*201 
39*257 
39 ‘ 01 3 
39-068 
39*122 
3 9* 1 5 2 
39' J 77 
39-233 
3 8 ’997 
39-052 
39-107 
3 9* 1 3 7 
39-161 
3 9 -2ig 
Thus we fee that the greateft variation in the length of a 
pendulum vibrating at three miles above the equator, 
and on the earth’s lurface at the pole, is only ‘284 of an 
inch, which affords but a fmall fcale for determining ei¬ 
ther altitudes or the figure of the earth, to both which 
purpofes the obferved variations in the lengths of the 
pendulum have been propofed as a meafure. 
2. When a pendulum of a given length has been ob¬ 
ferved to gain or lofe a certain quantity daily, it is con¬ 
venient, in making the adjuftment for exadt time, to 
have fome concife theorem as a guide to bring it to 
the point defired, at one trial, in all cafes, which the¬ 
orem profeflor Bridge has given in thefe words: “Mul¬ 
tiply twice the length of the pendulum by the num¬ 
ber of feconds gained or loft, and divide the refult by 
the number of leconds in a day; the quotient will give 
the number of inches, or parts of an inch, by which the 
pendulum is to be lengthened or lhortened.” Suppofe 
the gain of a feconds pendulum to be three minutes, or 
180", in a folar day; then ■ 39 2 ^ 2 1 - 8 - ° —— ’163 parts 
864OO 
of an inch, is the quantity, in this cafe, by which the 
pendulum 
