548 
PEN 
of Princeton, in New Jerfey, on a point of land formed 
by Millftone-river and ftony-creek; fo called from the 
celebrated William Penn, who formerly owned this traft. 
PENN’s ROC'KS, two clufters of rocky illets in the 
fouth-weft part of Hudfon’s Bay. 
PEN'NA (Lorenzo), an ecclefiaftic of Bologna, pub- 
lithed a work entitled, “ Li primi Albori Mnficali, per li 
Principianti della Mulica figurati;” one of the bed trea¬ 
ties on practical mufic that appeared in Italy during the 
17th century. The firft fketch of this book was publifhed 
in 1656 ; a fecond edition, enlarged, of the firft- book, ap¬ 
peared at Bologna, 1674; the fecond book at Venice, 
1678; and the whole completed, in three books, 1684. 
In 1696, the work had gone through five editions. The 
author’s rules for counterpoint, and extemporary playing 
on keyed inftruments, are concife and clear, as far as they 
go; which is, however, veryfhort of what is now wanted, 
fince the bounds of modulation and u(e of difcords have 
been fo much extended. 
PEN'NA, a town of the Popedom, in the marquifate 
of Ancona : nine miles eaft of Cafnerinn. 
PEN'NA n’AG'HER, a fmall ifland near the weft coaft 
of Sardinia. Lat. 43. 33. N. Ion. 8. 16. E. 
PEN'NA di BIL'I.I, a town of the Popedom, in the 
dutchy of Urbino, the fee of a biftiop : fourteen miles 
■weft-north-weft of Urbino, and eleven fouth-weft; of St. 
Marino. 
PENNA'CEOUS, adj. in botany, feathered like the 
web of a quill. 
PEN'NACHED, adj. [pennaclie , Fr.] Applied to 
flowers when the ground of the natural colour of their 
leaves is radiated and diverlified neatly without any con- 
fufion. Trevoux. —Carefully proteft from violent rain 
your pennached tulips; covering them with matraftes. 
Evelyn, 
PEN'NANT, f. [prnnon, Fr.] A fmall flag, enfign, or 
colours. See Pennon. 
PEN'NANT (Thomas), an eminent naturalift and 
tourift, was the fon of a gentleman of moderate fortune 
at Downing in Flintfhire, where he was born in 1726. 
He received his fchool-education at Wrexham and at 
Fulham; and from the latter was removed to Oxford, 
where he entered upon the ftudy of jurifprudence, but, 
as appears, with no intention of purfuing the law as a 
profefTion. He has himfelf recorded, that a prefent made 
him at the age of twelve of Willoughby’s Ornithology 
gave him the firft tafte for the ftudy of natural hiftory ; 
and that a tour into Cornwall, which he made about 
1746 from Oxford, in which he became acquainted with 
Dr. Borlafe, infpired him with a ftrong paflion for mine¬ 
ralogy. In 1754 he made an extenfive tour in Ireland, 
which feems, however, to have been rather an excurfion 
for pleafure than for fcientific purpofes. In that year he 
was elefted a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, whofe 
purfuits he always combined with the ftudy of nature. 
A paper on certain coralloid bodies found in Coalbrook- 
dale, inferted in the Philofophical Tranfadlions of 1756, 
was the firft of his publications in the department of na¬ 
tural hiftory. He had the year before commenced a cor- 
relpondence with the illuftrious Linnaeus, to whom he 
fent an account of a concha anomia from the Norwegian 
feas ; and, in return, he was made a member of the 
Royal Society of Upfal. Mr. Pennant about this time, 
married an amiable woman, and palled fome years in do- 
meftic retirement. By way of occupation, he began, in 
1761, to prepare his “ Britilh Zoology,” in 132 coloured 
plates, imperial folio, with explanations. It was pub- 
lilhed for the benefit of the Welfti charity-fchool in 
London. He came to the pofieffion of the eftate of Down¬ 
ing at the death of his father in 1763, and with it a rich 
mine of lead-ore, which enabled him to make great im¬ 
provements. 
The death of his wife interrupted his domeftic enjoy¬ 
ments; and in the fpring of 1765 he made a tour to the 
continent. France, Swillerland, part of Germany, and 
PEN 
Holland, were vifited by him ; and he became perfonalty 
known to feveral men of fcientific eminence, among 
whom were Buffon, Haller, the Gefners, Trew, Gronovius, 
and Pallas. His conference with the latter at the Hague, 
gave rife to the plan of one of his moft valuable works, the 
“Synopfis of Quadrupeds.” In 1767, he was elected a 
Fellow of the Royal Society, and in the next year he re- 
publifhed his Britifh Zoology, in 2 vols. 8vo. with re¬ 
duced plates ; another volume relative to reptiles and 
fifties was added in 1769. An “Indian Zoology,” of 
which 12 plates, with defcriptions, were publifhed by 
him in 1769, remained a fragment. In the fame year he 
undertook a journey to the remoteft point of Scotland; 
and the numerous obfervations which he made were after¬ 
wards the bafisofa very interefting publication. In 1770 
he publifhed 103 additional plates to his Britifh Zoology, 
with feveral new defcriptions; and in the following year he 
printed his Synopfis of Quadrupeds, in one vol. 8vo. 
ilis well-earned reputation caufed him, in the fame year, 
to receive the compliment, from his alma-mater, of the de¬ 
gree of dodtorof laws. 
His firft “Tour in Scotland” was given to the public 
in 1771, and was received with avidity. At that time 
Scotland was little known to the fifter-kingdom, except 
by flight and partial accounts ; and the curious and varied 
information communicated by this liberal traveller, in a 
fpirit of candour and good-humour, was equally accept¬ 
able to both fides of the Tweed. This reception of his 
work, and the attachment he had contradled to his fub- 
jeel, induced him, in 1772, to repeat his northern tour, 
and extend it to the principal iflands of the Hebrides. 
For the latter purpofe he hired a vefiel to convey him 
from one ifland to another, and wait upon him at proper 
Rations ; and the refult was a rich harveft of valuable and 
entertaining obfervation. In 1773, he publifhed “ Ge¬ 
nera of Birds,“ in one volume; and likewife employed 
himfelf in a journey through the northern counties of 
England. Antiquities and family-hiftory were now be¬ 
come favourite objects of his enquiry, and he vifited every 
place which was likely to afford curious matter of this 
kind. A third edition in 4to. of his firft Tour in Scot¬ 
land, with additional plates, and the firft vol. 4to. of his 
fecond Tour and Voyage to the Hebrides, were publifhed 
in 1774. 
Mr. Pennant was now become an habitual traveller; 
and he found his excurlions, almoftalways made on horfe- 
back, equally ferviceable to his health and fpirits. Few 
men, indeed, have more enjoyed the viridis Jcnedus, or 
better preferved their bodily and mental adlivity to an 
advanced period. In all his journeys he laid up new ftores 
of information ; and he found even the moft frequented 
tracks fertile of thofe topographical memoranda, to which 
hisattention was now chiefly direfted. In 1775, he pub- 
lifhed the third vol. 4to. of his Tour in Scotland, which 
he had the fatisfaftion of feeing a popular work both at 
home and abroad. 
Thinking it difgraceful for a literary native of Wales 
to negleft his own country, fo abundant in objects inte¬ 
refting to all the different lpecies of travellers, he gave, 
to the public, in 1778, the refult of feveral journeys 
through the fix counties of North Wales, in one 410. vol. 
with many plates, entitled “A Tour in Wales;” and in 
1781 he added another volume, with the title of “ A 
Journey to Snowden.” Thefe are particularly entertain¬ 
ing, on account of the many anecdotes interfperfed, ii- 
luifrative of the manners and hiftory of that part of the 
ifland. In the mean time he did not forfake his original 
objeft of purfuit, natural hiftory. He had added, in 
1777, a 4to. vol. to his Britifh Zoology, containing the 
Vermes, including the teftaceous and cruftaceous ani¬ 
mals. His Synopfis of Quadrupeds, now greatly enlarged 
and improved, and bearing the title of “ Hiftory of Qua¬ 
drupeds,” was publifhed in 2 vols. 4to. 1781 ; and in the 
fame year, his “ Hiftory and Natural Hiftory of the Tur¬ 
key” was inferted in the Philofophical Tranfadlions, 
