552 PEN 
in tlie other fea-pens. Other authors mention, that the 
tentacles are only on one fide ; but Dr. Bohadfch had an 
opportunity of feeing it as it was taken out of the fea. 
9. Pennatula ftellifera, the ftarry fea-pen: Hem fimple, 
about four inches long. See the article Helminthology, 
vol. ix. p. 357, 358. and Plate V. fig. 11. 
10. Pennatula phalloides : fimple, with a cylindrical 
midrib every-where covered with polypes. It inhabits 
the Indian Ocean ; is fix inches long, and grey. 
11. Pennatula arundinacea: Item quadrangular and 
very long. It inhabits the Norway Teas, and is four feet 
long; the (fern is linear, with cylindrical rays of folitary 
tubes, which are deciduous, ere£f, crowded, and feated 
on a thin pedicle. 
12. Pennatula fcirpea : Hera fimple, linear, tapering, 
with a round midrib producing polypes on one fide. It 
inhabits the ocean, and is eighteen inches long; the 
ftem is flefliy, thicker and longer than the midrib; the 
bone is fomewhat flexile. 
13. Pennatula juncea: fimple, linear, with a truncate 
rib, and tranfverfe polype, bearing wrinkles on each fide. 
This is found in the Indian Ocean 5 is two feet long, 
white, beneath horny, the rays mixed, fulvous and 
white. 
14. Pennatula grandis: pen-fhaped, linear-lanceolate, 
with a fmooth round ftem, and jagged toothed ramifica¬ 
tions. It inhabits the Indian Ocean ; is a foot long, 
greer.ifh grey, fiiines with a cinereous light in the dark, 
and fometimes flings the hand if it be touched. 
15. Pennatulaargentea, the filver fea-pen : pen-fhaped, 
lanceolate, with a fmooth round ftem, and clofe-fet im¬ 
bricate ftriate ramifications. This alfo is found in the 
Indian Ocean, and was brought from Batavia by William 
Webber, efq. F.R.S. Its fins are not unlike thofe of a 
bat, with feveral (harp points. They are ftriped black 
and white, with a Alining furface, not unlike filver: 
they are often found above a foot long, and are faid to 
be very luminous in the fea at night. There is one of 
them in the Britifh Mufeum near eighteen inches long. 
Fig. 3 of the annexed Plate is a very exadl reprefentation 
of this genuine fea-pen, where the bone appears burfl 
through the bottom; fig. 4 is a fe£tion, to fliow the 
fins more diftinftly; and one of them is magnified at 
fig. 5. 
16. Pennatula encrinus, the great clufter fea-pen : ftem 
quadrangular, taper,very long, bony, covered with a callous 
membrane, with an umbellate clufter of polypes from the 
top. It inhabits the Greenland Sea's: is about fix feet 
long; and, when taken frefh from the fea, appears like a 
nofegay of yellow flowers. 
17. Pennatula cynomorium, the finger fea-pen : cylin¬ 
drical, flefliy, fomewhat clavate, bearing polypes on the 
whole upper furface. It inhabits the Mediterranean ; is 
reddifh, and about four inches long. 
18. Pennatula reniformis, the kidney fea-pen: ftem 
round, vermicular, fupporting a kidney-fliaped leaf-like 
head, producing polypes on the upper furface. This 
beautiful purple fea-pen was found on the coaft of South 
Carolina, by John Greg, efq. of Dominica. It is re¬ 
markably different from all this kind. From the ftiffnefs 
of its ftem, it is very probable it is fupported by a bony 
fubftance. The body is about an inch long, and half an 
inch acrofs the narroweft pa,rt : it has a fmall round- 
ifli tail of an inch long, proceeding from the middle of 
the body; this tail is full of rings, from one end to 
the other, like an earth-worm ; and, along the middle of 
the upper and under part of it, there is a fmall groove 
which runs from one end to the other. The upper part 
of the body is convex, and near a quarter of an inch thick; 
the whole furface of it is covered over with minute yellow 
ftarry openings, through which are protuded little fuck¬ 
ers like polypes, each furnifhed with fix tentacles, or fila¬ 
ments. The under part of the body is quite flat: this 
furface is full of ramifications of flefliy fibres, which, pro¬ 
ceeding from the infection of the tail, as their common 
PEN 
centre, branch out fo as to communicate with the ftarry 
openings on the exterior edge and upper furface of this 
uncommon animal. The upper furface (fig. 6) is of a 
rich purple colour; the under fide (fig. 7) lefs brilliant, 
and fometimes yellowilh. Ellis's Zoophytes, by Solander. 
Phil. Tranf. vol. xliii. xlviii. 1 . liii. 
PEN'NE, a town of France, in the department of the 
Lot and Garonne : three miles eaft of Villeneuve d’Agen, 
and feven weft of Tournon. 
PEN'NE, a town of France, in the department of the 
Tarn: feventeen miles north-north-weft ofGaillac, and 
twenty-one north-weft of Alby. 
PEN'NECUICK (Alexander), a Scottifli writer of the 
laft century, and a burgefs of Edinburgh. He publilhed, 
1. Streams from Helicon, 1720. 2. Corydon and Co- 
chrania, a Paftoral, 1723. He lived a very irregular life ; 
and died, in poverty and wretchednefs, about 1728 or 
1729. Biog. Dram. 
PEN'NED, adj. Winged; plumed. Iluloet. 
■ PENNE'DO de St. PE'DRO, a fmall ifland in the 
Atlantic. Lat. o. 55. N. Ion. 27. 10. W. 
PEN'NER, f. A writer.—He talked to me a great deal 
of the Declaration: he told me he was the penner of it. 
Diary of the Earl of Clarendon, 1688.—A pencafe. Ob- 
folete, except perhaps in Scotland. 
PENNERVA'EN, a mountain of South Wales, a little 
to the fouth of Brecknock. 
PENNEWANG', a town of Auftria : three miles north 
of Scwanaftadt. 
PEN'NI (Giovanni Francifco), a painter, born at Flo¬ 
rence in 1488, was the difciple of Raphael, who, obferv- 
ing his genius and integrity, intruded his domeftic con¬ 
cerns to his management; by which means he got the 
appellation of II Fatore, or the Steward, which he re¬ 
tained ever after. The genius of Penni was univerfal ; 
but his greateft pleafure was in painting landfcapes and 
buildings : he was an excellent defigner, and coloured 
extremely well in oil, diftemper, and frefco. He painted 
portraits in an exquifite ftyle ; and had fuch happy natu¬ 
ral talents, that Raphael left him heir to his fortune in 
partnerlhip with Julio Romano his fellow-difciple. 
After Raphael’s death, Penni painted many pi&ures at 
Rome, particularly in the palace of Chigi, fo exaftly in 
the ftyle of his mafter, that they might not undefervedly 
have been imputed to him: he finilhed, in conjunction 
with Julio and Perino del Vaga, the celebrated defigns 
of the Battles of Conftantine, and others, which Raphael 
had left imperfeCt; but, differing with them aboutacopy 
of the Transfiguration, which the pope intended for the 
king of France, they feparated. Penni went to Naples ; 
but, the air of that country difagreeing with his conilitu- 
tion, he died foon after in 1528. 
PEN'NI (Lucas), brother of the preceding, was born 
likewife at Florence. He alfo frequented the fchool 
of Raphael, and ftudied a confiderable time under Perino 
del Vaga. He poflefled confiderable merit as an hiftorical 
painter, and George Ghifi of Mantua has engraven from 
feveral of his pictures. After vifiting Genoa and Lucca, 
he travelled to England, where he was employed by 
Plenry VIII. he afterwards went to France, and praCti- 
fed for awhile at Fontainebleau. On his return to Italy, 
he applied himfelf to etching and engraving, and we have 
feveral meritorious prints from his hand ; he fometimes 
worked from his own defigns, but oftener from Roflo and 
Primaticcio. His mark was ufually compofed of an L 
and an R joined together, or feparate ; for he chofe to 
add the word Romanus, or the Roman, to his name, or 
the initials of it; but it is neceflary to caution the young 
collector with refpeft to thefe marks, all of which will 
be found in our preceding Plate, becaufe they were ufed 
by other mailers greatly inferior in point of abilities to 
Penni; and to ftate, that his engravings are not only exe¬ 
cuted in a very fpirited ftyle, but alfo accurately drawn. 
He chiefly etched, but at times worked with the graver 
only. The following is a lift of his principal works: 
Two 
