PEN 
PEN 
calumniated ! The all-wife Creator, rich in infinite re- 
fources, has caufed many blofl’orns to droop, that their 
flamens may be (heltered from rain ; whilll the fame end 
is accompliflied in others by their courting the full blaze 
of day, in an ere£t expanded pofition. In the lpring of 
our damp climate, drooping or clofed flowers abound; in 
India perhaps a different economy is generally bed fuited 
to the nature of the country. It is a native of various 
parts of the Eafl Indies, fometimes cultivated for its beau¬ 
ty in our lloves, where it has been known confiderably 
above a century. It flowers in July, and is annual. 
Propagation and Culture. The feeds of this plant mul 
be fown upon a good hot-bed early in March 5 and, when 
the plants are fit to tranfplant, there fliould be a new 
hot-bed prepared to receive them, into which fliould be 
plunged fome fmall pots filled with good kitchen-garden 
earth ; in each of thefe fliould be one plant put, giving 
them a little water to fettle the earth to their roots. 
They mull alfo be fliaded from the fun till they have 
taken new root; then they fliould be treated in the fame 
way as other tender exotic plants, admitting the free air 
to them every day in proportion to the warmth of the 
feafon, and covering the glafles with mats every evening 
to keep them warm. When the plants are advanced in 
their growth fo as to fill the pots with their roots, they 
fliould be fliifted into larger pots, filled with the fame fort 
of earth as before, and plunged into another hot-bed ; 
where they may remain as long as they can Hand under 
the glafles of the bed without being injured ; and after¬ 
wards they muff be removed either into a ftove or a glafs- 
cafe, where they may be fcreened from the cold, and in 
warm weather have plenty of frefti air admitted to them. 
With this management the plants will begin to flower 
early in July, and there will be a fucceflion of flowers con¬ 
tinued till the end of September, during which time they 
will make a good appearance. The feeds ripen gradually 
after each other in the fame fucceflion as the flowers were 
produced, fo they fliould be gathered as foon as their cap- 
fules begin to open at the top. Thefe plants are fome¬ 
times turned out of the pots, when they are ftrong, and 
planted in warm borders, where, if the feafon prove very 
warm, the plants will flower pretty well; but thefe very 
rarely perfedt their feeds. See Pterospermum. 
PENTAPHYLLOI'DES. See Potentilla and Sib- 
BALDIA. 
PENTAPHYL'LOUS, adj. Having five leaves. 
PENTAPHYL'LUM. See Cleome, Comarum, Po¬ 
tentilla, and Tormentilla. 
PENTAP'TERIS, and Pentapterophyl'lum. See 
Myriophyllum. 
PENTAPO'GON, f. [from Trevpt, five, and Kuyuv, beard; 
fo named by M. R. Brown, in allufion to the five beards, 
or awns, of the hulk ] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
triandria, order digynia, natural order gramina. Generic 
charadters—Calyx : glume of two oblong acute equal 
beardlefs valves, containing one (talked floret. Corolla 
of two valves; the outermoft rather longer than the ca¬ 
lyx, ovate, bearing five awns at the fummit, of which the 
middle one is much the longed, and fpirally twifted; inner 
half the fize of the outer, ovate, acute, concave, membra¬ 
nous, beardlefs. Stamina: filaments three, capillary, 
fliorter than the corolla ; antherae oblong, pendulous. 
Piftilluni: germen fuperior, roundifli; ftyles none ; flig- 
mas two, fpreading, feathery. Pericarpium : none, except 
the permanent corolla. Seed one, oblong, pointed.— 
Effentiul CharaSler. Calyx of two equal beardlefs valves, 
containing one (talked floret; outer valve of the corolla 
with five terminal awns; the middle one longeft, and 
fpiral. 
Pentapogon Billardieri, a folitary fpecies. Native of 
Van Diemen’s Land. A fmall and (lender grafs, fcarcely 
a fpan high. Root fibrous. Stems feveral, round, dri- 
ated, with one bent joint near the bottom, and one (hort 
leaf, with along hairy (heath. Radical leaves numerous, 
tufted, (hort and fetaceous. Panicle eredf, about two 
560 
inches long, not much branched, of fifteen or twenty up¬ 
right flowers. Valves of the calyx ferrated at the keel. 
Floret hairy at its bafe. Brown, 173. Labillardiere, 20. t.22. 
PENTAP'OLIS, [Greek.] A country wherein are “five 
cities.” The Pentapolis of the facred writings compre¬ 
hended Sodom, Gomorrah, Adama, Zeboim, and Segor, or 
Zoar ; (Wifdom x. 6.) They were all five condemned to 
utter deflruftion, but Lot interceded for the prefervation 
of Zoar. The Pentapolis of the Philiftines (Jofephus) 
had its name from their five-principal cities, Gaza, Gath, 
Afcalon, Azotus, and Ekron. But the mod celebrated 
was the Pentapolis Cyrenaica , or Pentapolis of Egypt, 
whofe five cities were Berenice, Arfinoe, Ptolemais, Cy- 
rene, and Apollonia. Among the ancient geographers 
and hiftorians we likewife read of the Pentapolis of Lybia, 
now called Mejlrata; the Pentapolis of Italy; and the 
Pentapolis of Alia Minor, which contained Lindus, 
Jalyflos, Camiros, Cos, and Cnidus. This country once 
bore the name of Hexapolis, when it comprehended Hali- 
carnaflus. 
PENTAP'TOTE, or Pentap'toton,/ [in grammar, 
from the Gr. wevte, five, and wtevo-k, a cafe.] A noun that 
has five cafes. 
PEN'TARCH, f. [from the Gr. mm, five, and 
chief.] A captain of five. Cole. 
PEN'TARCHY,/. Government exercifed by five.— 
My name is Appetitus, common fervant to the pentarchy 
of the fenfes. Brewer s Lingua. 
Through the world I wander night and day, 
To feeke my draggling fenfes ; 
In an angrye moode I met old Time, 
With his pentarchy of tenfes. Old Mad Song. 
PEN'TASPAST,/. [from the Gr. mm, five, and tosj, 
to draw.] An engine with five pulleys. 
PEN'TASTICH,/. [from the Gr. mm, five, and 
a verfe.] A poem or ltanza confiding of five verfes. 
PEN'TASTYLE, f. [in architedfure, from the Gr. 
mm, five, and o-iAo?, a pillar.] A building or work in 
which are five rows of pillars. 
PEN'TATEUCH, /. [from the Gr. mm, five, and 
te an indrument or volume.] The collediion of the 
five indruments, or books, of Mofes, which are Genefis, 
Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy ; which 
books we have given an account of under the article 
Bible, vol. iii. p. 8, 9. 
Some modern critics have difputed Mofes’s right to the 
Pentateuch. They obferve that the author (peaks always 
in the third perlon : Now the man MoJ’es was very meek 
above all the men which ivere upon the face of the earth ; the 
Lordfpake unto Mofes, faying Sfc. Mofes J'aid to Pharoah, 
fyc. Thus they think he would never have fpoken of 
himfelf; but would at lead fometimes have mentioned 
himfelf in the firfl perfon. Befides this, fay they, the au¬ 
thor of the Pentateuch fometimes abridges his narration 
like a writer who colledted from fome ancient memoirs. 
Sometimes he interrupts the thread of his difeourfe ; for 
example, he makes Lamech the bigamid to fay, (Gen. iv. 
23.) Hear my voice, ye wives of Lamech, hearhen unto my 
fpeech ; for L have fain a man to my wounding, and a young 
man to my hurt ; without informing us before-hand to 
whom this is related. Thefe obfervations, for example, 
(Gen. xii. 6.) And the Canaanite was then in the land, can¬ 
not be reconciled to the age of Mofes, fince the Canaanites 
continued to be the matters of Paledine all the time of 
Mofes. The paffage out of the Book of the Wars of the 
Lord, quoted in the book of Numbers (xxi. 14.) feems to 
have been put in afterwards, as alfo the firfl verfes of 
Deuteronomy. The account of the death of Mofes, which 
is at the end of the fame book, cannot certainly belong to 
this legiflator 5 and the fame judgment may be made of 
other paflages, wherein it is faid, that the places mention¬ 
ed lay beyond Jordan ; that the bed of Og was at Ramah 
to this day; that the Havoth of Jair,or the cities of Jair, 
were known to the author, though probably they had not 
that 
