573 " 
PEN 
and there ventricofe underneath ; upper lip upright bifid; 
fegments ovate, blunt, fhorter than the lower lip : lower 
lip three-parted; fegments ovate, blunt, bent down, 
fhorter than the tube. Stamina : filaments four, filiform, 
diverging at the tip, inferted into the bafe of the tube, 
and fhorter than it; the two lower longer. Anther® 
rounijifh, diftant, included, bifid ; with the lobes divari¬ 
cating. The rudiment of a fifth filament between the 
upper ones inferted into the tube, the fame length with 
the ftamens, filiform, ftraight, bearded above at the tip. 
Piftillum: germ ovate; ftyle filiform, the length of the 
tube, bent down at the tip; ftigma truncate. Pericar- 
piuni : capfule ovate, acute, comprefled, two-celled, two- 
valved. Seeds numerous, fubglobular ; receptacle large. 
—EjJential Charader. Calyx five-leaved ; corolla bilabi¬ 
ate, ventricofe ; rudiment of a fifth ftamen bearded above ; 
capfule two-celled. There are four fpecies. 
1. Pentftemon lsevigata, or fmooth pentftemon: Item 
fmooth ; barren filament bearded above. Root perennial, 
creeping, fibrous, white. Stem a foot and a half high and 
more; round, purple below, brachiate. Lower leaves 
ovate acuminate, quite entire, petioled, fometimes,pur¬ 
ple underneath, on petioles winged to the bafe. Stem- 
leaves ovate-lanceolate, oppofite, embracing, toothletted, 
fmooth on both fides. Flowering branches in a manner 
dichotomous, with the flowers two together. Corolla 
pale purple, fotnewhat hirfute on the outfide. 
2. Penftemon ferrulata, or ferrated penftemon : (fern 
fmooth; leaves all fharply ferrated, fmooth; the upper 
ones ovate, fomewhat haftate ; panicle twice or thrice 
forked ; barren filament bearded half way dowm. Ga¬ 
thered by Mr. A. Menzies on the weft coaft of North 
America. It is nearly related to P. laevigata, but differs 
in the copious acute ferraturesof its leaves, which are alfo 
broader, fhorter, and more ovate; particularly thofe on 
the middle and upper part of the ftem. 
3. Pentftemon frutefcens, or fhrubby pentftemon : ftem 
fhrubby, branched. This is from the Herbarium of the ce¬ 
lebrated profeffor Pallas, which is now in this country, as 
noticed underthe article Pallas, in our preceding volume. 
In one part of his MSS. he calls it Digitalis dafyantha. It 
is reprefented on the annexed Engraving. It inhabits 
Kamtfchatka and Oonalafhka. Linn. Tranf. vol. x. 
4. Pentftemon pubefcens, or hairy pentftemon : ftem 
pubefcent; barren filament bearded from the tip below 
the middle. Of this there are two diftinfl varieties : ct. 
Latifolia, or broad-leaved ; with the leaves ovato-oblong. 
( 3 . Anguftifolia, or narrow-leaved ; in which the leaves 
are lanceolate. See Chelone, to which this genus is 
very nearly allied. 
PENT'ZIA ,f. in botany, a genus of plants fo named 
by profeflor Thunberg in honour of his pupil Charles 
John Pentz, at whofe graduation at Upfal, in 1797, the 
learned profeffor’s differtation on Diofma was publifhed. 
It contains but one fpecies, which appears to be our 
Gnaphalium dentatum. See vol. viii. 
PEN'UEL, f. [ Heb. the vifion of God.] The name 
of a place on the eaft of Jordan, near the brook Jabbok; 
fo called, becaufe here Jacob, in his wreftling, faw the 
face of God, or enjoyed familiar fellowfhip with him. 
Gen. xxxii. 24. 
In following ages the Ifraelites built a city in this place, 
w hich W'as given to the tribe of Gad. Gideon, returning 
from the purfuit of the Midianites, overthrew the tower 
of Penuel, (Judges viii. 17 ) and put all the inhabitants 
of the city to death, for having refufed fuftenance to him 
and his people, and having anfwered him in a very inful- 
ting manner. Jeroboam the fon of Nebat rebuilt the city 
of Penuel, (1 King xii. 25.) and Jofephus fays, that he 
built himfelf a palace there. 
PENVENAN', a town of France, in the department of 
the North Coafts: three miles north-weft of Treguier, 
and feven north-eaft of Lannion. 
PENUKON'DA, a town of Hindooftan, in Myfore. 
fixty-five miles north of Bangalore. 
PEN 
PEN'ULA. See Ptenula. 
PENULA'TOR, /. [Lat. penula, a napped coat,] A 
furrier. Cole. 
PENUL'TIMA, f. [from the Lat. pene, almoft, and 
ultima, the laft.] The laft fyllable but one of a word ; 
and hence the antepenultimate fyllable is the laft but two, 
or that immediately before the penultima. 
PENUL'TIMATB, adj. Belonging to the laft fyllable 
but one ; belonging to the laft but one. 
PENUM'BRA, f. \_pene, almoft, and umbra, fliadow, 
Lat.] An imperfedt fliadow ; a faint or partial lhade ob- 
ferved between the perfedf fliadow and the full light in an 
eclipfe. It ariles from the magnitude of the Sun’s body ; 
for, were he only a luminous point, the fliadow would be 
all'perfedl; but, by reafon of the diameter of the Sun, it 
happens, that a place which is not illuminated by the 
whole body of the Sun, does yet receive rays from a part 
thereof.—The breadth of this image anfwered to the 
Sun’s diameter, and was about two inches and the eighth 
part of an inch, including the penumbra. Newton. 
PENURE'E, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar: twenty- 
three miles fouth of Bahar. 
PENU'RIOUS, adj. [from penuria, Lat.] Niggardly; 
fparing; not liberal; fordidiy mean. — As a penurious 
niggard of his wealth. Milton's Ctnnns. 
What more can our penurious reafon grant 
To the large whale or ponderous elephant ? Prior. 
Scant; not plentiful : 
I have but little gold of late, brave Timon, 
The want whereof doth daily make revolt 
In my penurious hand. Shakefpeare's Timon of Athens. 
PENU'RIOUSLY, adv. Sparingly; not plentifully.— 
The place is moft penuriovjly empty of all other good 
outfides. B. Jonfon's Cijntli. Revels. 
PENU'RIOUSNESS, f. Niggardiinefs; parfimony.— 
If we confider the infinite induftry and penurioujhefs of 
that people, it is no wonder that, notwithftanding they 
fui nilh as great taxes as their neighbours, they make a 
better figure. Addifon. —Scantinefs; not plenty. 
PEN'URY, f. [ penuria, Lat.] Poverty; indigence.— 
The penury of the ecclefiaftical eftate. Hooker. 
Sometimes am I a king ; 
Then treafon makes me with myfelf a beggar; 
And fo I am : then crufhing penury 
Perfuades me I was better when a king; 
Then I am king’d again. Shakefpeare’s Rich. III. 
PENUTU'RA, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 
Cicacole : twenty-five miles north of Cicacole. 
PENWOR'THAM, a town of Lancafhire, with 1049 
inhabitants, including 317 employed in trade and ma¬ 
nufactures : three miles fouth-weft of Prefton. 
PE'NY, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar: twenty-four 
miles fouth-weft of Rotafgur. 
PEN'YCUIK, a village and parifli in the county of 
Mid-Lothian, or Edinburghfhire, Scotland. The village 
is fituated nine miles fouth from the northern metropo¬ 
lis, and is adorned with a very handforne church, the liv¬ 
ing of which was formerly a reftory. This edifice is 
placed on the fcite of an older ftrudHire, which was dedi¬ 
cated to Kentingern, popularly called St. Mungo. The 
parifli is twelve miles in length, and fix in breadth. Its 
furface is extremely various, and exhibits almoft every 
kind of foil, from clay and mol's to the pooreft gravelly 
loam. A great number of flieep are bred in this parifli; 
but the greater proportion of it is under tillage. It is 
watered throughout its whole extent by the river North 
Elk, and abounds with coal and peat. It alfo poflefies 
feveral objects entitled to the attention of the topogra¬ 
pher and the antiquary. Near the village is the elegant 
feat of fir George Clerk, bart. M. P. for the county of 
Edinburgh. The fituation of this manfion is delightful; 
and its profpe&s are both pidturefque and extenfive. In 
the library here is an excellent colleftion of books and 
paintings; 
