P E R C A. 
almoft: round, all over head, body, and fins, Inhabits 
India. 
51. Perea Philadelphia, the Philadelphia perch : a 
black fpot in the middle of’ the dorfal fin; feales and 
gill-covers ciliate. In the membrane of the gills 7 rays, 
in the dorfal fin in the peflorals 16, ventrals anal 
tail 11. Oblerved in North America by Dr. Garden. 
The body is fpotted and barred with black ; beneath red. 
Hinder gill-cover fharpened to a point; two firft rays of 
the dorfal fin fhort. 
32. Perea palpebrofa, the eyelid perch : a brown fpot 
upon the eyelids ; lateral line curved. In the dorfal fin 
. rays, pectorals 15, ventrals £, anal caudal 17. This 
is a fmall American fpecies. 
33. Perea atraria, the black perch : body black ; fins 
fpotted with white. In the dorfal fin rays, 20 in the 
pectorals, 7 in the ventrals, 26 in the anal, 20 in the tail. 
Inhabits Carolina, where, according to Dr. Garden, it is 
called Mackfijli. The anterior piece of the gill-covert is 
denticulate, the pofterior ciliate ; the lateral line ftraight; 
whitifh lines, as well as fpots, on the dorfal fin. 
34. P. chryfoptera, the gold-finned perch: the lower 
fins gold-yellow fpotted with brown. In the dorfal fin 
^ rays. Obferved at Carolina by Catefby and Garden. 
The head is long, and entirely covered with fmall feales ; 
mouth fmall; lower jaw longed; one row of (harp bent 
teeth in each. Gill-covers very finely toothed ; lateral 
line ftraight, back rounded and railed. 
35. Perea Mediterranea, the Mediterranean perch : all 
the fins tawny except the dorfal ; a black fpot on the 
peflorals. In the dorfal fin ££■ rays, pectorals and tail 13 
each, ventrals caudal . Inhabits the Mediterranean. 
Body green, with dufky lines parallel with the lateral 
line on the upper part, thofe on the lower part broader, 
and fine blue; about a fpan long; compreffed, oblong. 
Head above naked, with trnnfverfe and waved blue lines; 
iris golden, with a circle of blue in the middle. Dorfal 
fin filamentous, the hind part higher. 
36. Perea vittata, the lined perch : five white and 
brown tranfverfe lines, nearly equidiftant, on the body. 
In the dorfal fin rays, in the pe&orals 18, ventrals -J, 
anal J 2 , tail 16. Inhabits America; the fecond fpine of 
the anal fin very ftrong. 
( 3 . There is a variety, with the lines on the- body 
widened into bands; which inhabits Japan, and is about 
eight inches long. 
37. Perea punftulata, the dotted perch: fmall blue 
fpots on the body. There are 10 rays in the peftoral fins, 
■g in the ventral, $ in the anal, 14 in the tail, and in 
the dorfal. The head is free from feales as fa'r as the 
eyes; the mouth large; the jaws armed with very fmall 
teeth; the bones of the lips are large. The eyes are 
oval, almoft vertical; the pupil is black and blue, the iris 
yellow. The opercula are not jagged ; the membrane is 
in great part loofe. The feales are large; the lateral 
line nearly ftraight, but nearer to the back than to the 
belly ; the anus is nearer the tail than the head. The 
fins are rounded. This beautiful fpecies is found in 
both Indies. Plumier obferved it at the Antilles, Catefby 
at Carolina,,and Valentine at the Moluccas. It grows as 
large as the river-perch, and taftes like it. Its fine filvery 
ground is loft in red towards the back; and the fmall 
light-blue fpots, or dots, form a pleafing variety. It is 
reprefented on Plate II, at fig. 6. 
38. Perea guttata, the hind, or bloody perch : red fpots 
on a red ground. The pectoral fins have 10 rays, the 
ventrals ■*■, the anal f, the tail 15, the dorfal T \. The 
head is large, and without feales as far as the opercula. 
The mouth is wide; the jaws of <m.equal.length, and 
armed with lharp teeth. The eyes are oval, and near 
tlie top of the head ; pupil black, iris gold-colour, with 
red fpots. The opercula are large, fmooth, and the 
hinder one ends in a blunt point; the aperture is very 
large, and ftrong rays fupport the membrane, which is in 
part loofe. The belly is convex; the anus nearer the 
Vol. XIX. No. 1327. 
5S7 
tail than the head. The lateral line runs nearly ftraight 
-through the middle of the body. The feales are pretty 
large. The fins are rounded; their loft rays ramified. 
The whole body is red ; and the fpots of a darker red 
have a fine effect. This fpecies is found in the waters of 
both Indies: Catefby favv it at the Bahama illands, Plu¬ 
mier at the Antilles. It grows two feet long, haunting 
(hallow places. Its fiefh may be eaten. The feales are of 
a fingular appearance under the microfcope : at fig. 7, 
we have given one of the natural fize, and, at fig. 8, great¬ 
ly magnified, from Adams. 
39. Perea bimaculata, the acara : two round black fpots 
upon each fide. The perioral fins have 14 rays, the ventrals 
•J, the anal the tail 15, the dorfal The head is (lop¬ 
ing, comprelfed, and without feales as far as the opercula, 
which are fmooth. The pupil of the eye is black, in- 
clofed in a golden iris. The body is broad ; the anus is 
nearer the tail than the head. The lateral line is fome- 
what bent, and runs nearer the back than the belly; the 
belly is filver-coloured, the back brown. The fpots 
which form the fpecific charafler, lie one of them over 
the pectoral fin, the other over the tail-fin. The fins are 
of a brown colour; tail rounded. This fpecies is found 
in the rivers of Brafil ; it does not exceed nine inches in 
length ; and is good eating. 
40. Perea Brafilienfis, the Brafilian perch : oval black 
fpots upon the lateral line. The pectoral fins contain 12 
rays, the ventrals the anal the tail 16, the dorfal 
23. The body is long; fnout blunt; jaws of equal 
length, armed with little (harp teeth ; noftrils (ingle, and 
very near the eyes; the pupil of the eye is black, the iris 
yellow and white. The opercula and body are covered 
with fmall, hard, filvery, feales. The belly is-long, and 
the anus is much nearer the tail than the head. The 
back is round, and bluifti; the fides and belly filvery, the 
fins gold-yellow. The dorfal, pefloral, and tail, fins, have 
(oft rays only. This fpecies is alfo found in the dreams 
of Brafil, growing to the length of feven or eight inches; 
it is good food, and eafy of digeftion. 
41. Perea maculata, the fpotted perch : red fpots on a 
white ground. The peftoral fin has 12 rays, the ventral 
£, the anal y’ g , the tail 12, the dorfal The body is 
long, laterally compreffed, and covered with large filvery 
feales. The aperture of the mouth is large, and the lower 
jaw is the longed; they are armed with fmall teeth ; the 
lip-bones of the upper jaw are very large. The noftrils 
are double, and very near the eyes ; the eyes are almoft: 
vertical, having a black pupil with a blue-and-red iris. 
The opercula are not ferrated ; the pofterior piece ends 
in a point, but foft. The head is bare of feales, as far as 
the opercula. The fins are rounded. This fpecies is 
found in the Atlantic Ocean, near the Antilles. 
( 3 . Of this fpecies there is a variety, which has the whits 
ground intermingled with brown or black, and a dot of 
darker red in the centre of each red fpot. 
42. Perea feriba, the written perch : zigzag marks, like 
writing, on the head; pectoral and tail fins yellow. In 
the dorfal fin Af rays, in the peftorals 13, ventrals a, anal, 
•j%, tail 15. Its country is not known. 
43. Perea gigas, the giant perch : three feet long ; body 
clouded; 3 (pines in the gill-cover, 11 in the dorfal fi*n, 
which confifts in the whole of rays. In the pe&oral 
fins 16, ventrals anal caudal 15. This has gained 
the name of gigas from its fize ; it is not however fo large 
as the fafeiata, or white-banded perch, which we (hall de- 
feribe by and by. The prefent fpecies inhabits the Me¬ 
diterranean. Body oval, compreffed at the fides,whitifti- 
yellow with dufky-brown waves. Head naked on the 
fore-part, beneath red ; iris pale yellow. Mouth large ; 
teeth in the palate and gullet, the four upper fore-ones 
larger and conic; lips fimple; tongue large, fmooth. 
Lateral line du(ky, parallel with the back and gradually 
curved ; vent nearer the tail. Dorfal fin filamentous, the 
feventh ray (horter 5 pe&orals rounded, red on the ouc- 
fide. 
?L 
44. Perea 
